scholarly journals Main peculiarities of Arabic-language content on the Internet

Litera ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Tatiana Vavichkina
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Arab Country ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
The Internet ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Written Form ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Development Of Language

This article is dedicated to the trend that emerged in recent decades to transliterate Arabic text in the Internet comments and text messages, using the numbers for conveying the specificity of Arabic sounds. The object of this research is Arabizi – the macaronic jargon in electronic correspondence of Arabic native speakers, while subject is its specific characteristics. In the course of study, the author selected the microtexts posted by Arabic-speaking audience in the popular social networks Facebook and Twitter, YouTube video hosting, as well as private correspondence via such messengers as Viber and WhatsApp. The mandatory criterion was the affiliation of words to the common Arabic lexicon, as well as validation and similarity of the materials from different sources. Misprints and erratives were left out. The selected examples were classified by age (group 1 – 30 – 35 years old, group 2 – above 35 years old.) and nationality (from any Arab country) of their author. The scientific novelty is define by the fact that this article is first to examine the features that differentiate Arabizi from similar macaronic jargons, such as Denglish, Franglais, Spanglish, Ruglish. Possible ways for further development of language situation in the Arab world are proposed. The author determined that short messages in Arabizi virtually frame the written form that captures the specificity of oral dialect speech of the Arabic native speakers. The conclusion consists in formulation of distinctive characteristics of the indicated macaronic language that emerged as a result of interference due to familiarization of Arabs with the European languages, namely English.

scholarly journals Diglossia

Pragmatics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-216
Author(s):  
Helge Daniëls
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Ideological Attitudes

Abstract Diglossia is, as far as the Arabic language is concerned, a concept that has been taken for granted, as much as it has been criticized. First, based on Ferguson’s article on diglossia and subsequent interpretations and ramifications of the concept and with a special focus on how language variability is discursively deployed and how it is perceived in the Arab speech community, I will argue that diglossia does not so much describe actual language use, but rather how language variability is ‘read’ in the Arab world. In the second part of the article, an analysis of labeling in a 19th century debate will show how the dichotomy between fuṣḥā and non-fuṣḥā varieties (ʿāmmīya),1 which is the basis of diglossia, was already taken for granted long before the concept and the term existed, and even before fuṣḥā and ʿāmmīya were used as independent lexical items. The analysis in both parts of the article shows how much diglossia is taken for granted by most native speakers of Arabic, even if it defies linguistic descriptions of actual language use. It is exactly this ‘common-sense-ness’ that suggests that diglossia is a useful tool to describe language ideological attitudes.

scholarly journals Arabic Across the Curriculum in a Bilingual Gulf University

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
Nagwa Hedaiat
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Support Program ◽  
Language Support ◽  
Arabic Speaking

Arabic Across the Curriculum is a broad language support program at Zayed University in the UAE, which has stimulated discussion on several issues concerning Arabic language support in the Arab world in general and in the Gulf area in particular. These issues can be summed up in the following questions: Why do we need to teach Arabic to native Arabic-speaking students? How will Arabic language proficiency help students in their academic and future careers? Which Arabic language skills should we teach native speakers in higher education, and how? What means of assessment and what criteria might be helpful to Arabic programs and instructors?

scholarly journals The Solution of Arabic Teaching: Design of Arabic Teaching for Non-Native Speakers through Creative Ways as An Initial Step to Raises Enthusiasm Learning Arabic

2018 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rizqy Maulana Hakim ◽  
Adam Doni Mauladi
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
International Affairs ◽  
Educational Curriculum ◽  
Arabic Speakers ◽  
Official Languages

The Arab world has an extremely rich culture and history with diverse region geographical in the Arabian Peninsula. The religion of Islam was spread in Arab firstly by the prophet Muhammad SAW and the only language he spoke was Arabian well as Arabic also is the language of the Quran. There are 300 million Arabic speakers in the world and Arabic is the official language in 22 countries. Arabic is also one of the six official languages in the United Nations (UN). Arabic language education is very important, benefits that received from learning Arabic could implement into daily life and any aspects such as understanding the meaning of the Holy Qur’an and very potential to increase good relations in international affairs especially among Indonesia and Arab countries. However, Arabic teaching in non-native speakers' countries has some challenges. We observe that the biggest challenge teaching Arabic in Indonesia is the lack of knowledge among society about the benefit that we can gain from learning Arabic and the educational curriculum has been relying heavily on aspects of memorizing without any effective aspects or understanding of the Arabic lesson, it caused the low level of awareness to learn Arabic. Refer to the research of Jamsuri Muhammad Syamsudin and Mahdi Mas’ud on 30 students of IIUM indicates the biggest challenge to learn Arabic influenced by psychological factors such as desire, motivation, and un-confident. The question then is how to increase Arabic enthusiasts in non-native speakers’ countries and how to improve the educational system to learn Arabic effectively? The serious effort to increasing Arabic enthusiasts and to improve the educational curriculum is through simplification of the Arabic curriculum, as said before that much of the curriculum on Arabic depends on rote teaching methods that can’t truly benefit today. This can be done through creative ways and implement human behavior-based approaches or multiple forms of incentives to raises enthusiasm among non-native speakers to learn Arabic. We propose technology and fun activities that giving out the rewards and without it feels as if a burden to learn Arabic. This approach needs to be developed because the individuals need to be encouraged to do things that will bring benefits much than the act itself. In conclusion, solving the challenge of Arabic teaching is neither easy and improves its educational curriculum is crucial. It is hoped that Arabic teaching will have innovation for its development and overcome its challenges.

scholarly journals تعليم اللغة العربية باستخدام الطريقة المباشرة لترقية مهارة الكلام دراسة عن بعد بوسيلة واتساب وزووم (لدى تلميذات الصف الأول بمدرسة كتاب ابن عباس تانجيرانج)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 219-233
Author(s):  
Siti Fatimah
Keyword(s):  
Native Speaker ◽  
First Graders ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Arab Country ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Female Teacher ◽  
High Ability ◽  
Change Behavior ◽  
Written Form

الملخص تعليم اللغة العربية الذي أجريَ بمدرسة كتاب ابن عباس هو نشاط تعليمي يقوم به المعلمون لتزويد الطلاب بهدف أن يكونوا قادرين على فهم دينهم بشكل صحيح، وتغيير السلوك وزيادة المعرفة، وخاصة الأمور المتعلقة باللغة العربية والقدرة على التحدث وفهم اللغة العربية في شكل شفوي وكتابي. وهدف تعليم اللغة العربية لهذا المستوى ليكون عند الطلاب القدرة في اللغة العربية مثل صاحب اللغة مثل أطفال العرب الذين يعيشون في الدولة العربية. حتى يجعلوا مستواهم قريبا من هؤلاء فلابد أن يكون المدرس هو ناطقا للغة العربية لأن الطلاب سيأخذون اللغة من المدرس، كيف المدرس يعبر، كيف طريقة كلامه وتعبيره، ولهذا ليس شرطا كون المدرس ناطقا للعربية ولكنه أفضل. أو غير ناطق مثلا إندونيسي ولكن عنده القدرة العالية في اللغة العربية. ومشكلة هذا البحث هي: (١)كيف تنفيذ تعليم اللغة العربية باستعمال وسائل التواصل وسائطَ التعلم لدى تلميذات الصف الأول بمدرسة كتاب ابن عباس تانجيرانج. (٢) كيف فعالية استعمال طريقة تعليم اللغة العربية بوسائل التواصل عند تلميذات الصف الأول بمدرسة كتاب ابن عباس تانجيرانج. (٣) ما المشكلة التي تواجهها تلميذات الصف الأول بمدرسة كتاب ابن عباس تانجيرانج في تعلم اللغة العربية عن بعد. (٤) ما المشكلة التي تواجهها المدرّسة في تعليمهن. Abstract Teaching Arabic that was conducted at Kuttab Ibnu Abbas School is an educational activity undertaken by teachers to provide students with the goal of being able to properly understand their religion, change behavior and increase knowledge, especially matters related to the Arabic language and the ability to speak and understand Arabic in conversation  and written form. And the goal of teaching Arabic to this level is so that students have the ability in the Arabic language like the owner of the language, like the children of Arabs who live in the Arab country. In order to make their level close to those, the teacher must be a native speaker of the Arabic language because the students will take the language from the teacher, how does the teacher express, how does his speech and his expression, and this is not a requirement for the teacher to speak Arabic, but it is better. Or not speaking Indonesian, for example, but he has a high ability in the Arabic language. The problem of this research is: (1) How to implement the teaching of Arabic language using the means of communication and the means of learning among first-grade students at Kitab Ibn Abbas Tangerang School. (2) How effective is the use of the method of teaching the Arabic language by means of communication among first grade pupils at Kitab Ibn Abbas Tangerang School? (3) What is the problem faced by the first graders of Kitab Ibn Abbas Tangerang School in learning Arabic from a distance? (4) What is the problem that the female teacher faces in teaching them?

Reproductive health, the Arab world and the internet: usage patterns of an Arabic-language emergency contraception web site

Contraception ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel M. Foster ◽  
Lisa Wynn ◽  
Aida Rouhana ◽  
Chelsea Polis ◽  
James Trussell
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Web Site ◽  
Emergency Contraception ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Usage Patterns

STEGANOGRAFI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE LSB DAN ALGORITMA HILL CIPHER

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherly Gina Supratman
Keyword(s):  
Digital Images ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Digital Imagery ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Hill Cipher ◽  
Secure Data ◽  
Audio Video ◽  
The Hill

AbstrakJaringan Komunikasi seperti Internet� merupakan jaringan yang tidak aman untuk mentransmisi data, seperti teks, audio,video dan citra digital. Salah satu cara untuk pengamanan data dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan proses kriptografi dan �steganografi. Penggunaan ini dengan tujuan untuk merahasiakan pesan yang dikirim dan sekaligus menghindarkan pesan tersebut dari kecurigaan pihak lain yang tidak berkepentingan.Pesan yang digunakan dalam makalah ini adalah berupa text dengan menyisipkannya pada gambar. Pada proses kriptografi, pesan yang berupa text akan dienkrip dengan algoritma Hill Chiper, dan kemudian pesan yang telah dienkrip akan dilakukan proses steganografi pada citra digital� 8 bit dengan skala 0 � 255, dengan metode Least Significant Bit ( LSB ).�Kata kunci: Kriptografi, Hill Chiper, Steganografi, Least Significant Bit�AbstractCommunication Networks such as the Internet are unsafe networks for transmitting data, such as text, audio, video and digital imagery. One way to secure data can be done by using cryptography and steganography process. This use is for the purpose of concealing messages being transmitted and avoiding such messages from the suspicion by others who are not interested.The message used in this paper is text by inserting it in the image. In the cryptographic process, text messages will be encrypted with the Hill Chiper algorithm, and then the encrypted message will be steganographed on 8-bit digital images on a scale of 0-255, using the Least Significant Bit (LSB) method.�Keywords: Cryptography, Hill Chiper, Steganography, Least Significant Bit

الجامعة الاسلامية العالمية بماليزيا وودورها فى تعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها International Islamic University of Malaysia and Its Role in Teaching Arabic to Non-Native Speakers

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
علاء حسنى المزين (Alaa Hosni)
Keyword(s):  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Strong Connection ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
Islamic Identity ◽  
Islamic Civilization ◽  
The University ◽  
Scientific Documentation

كان من أهم الآثار الإيجابية للصحوة الإسلامية التى عمت العالم الإسلامى بشكل ملحوظ منذ أوائل السبعينيات فى القرن العشرين زيادة إقبال الشعوب الإسلامية على تعلم اللغة العربية، وبدأ الاهتمام الحقيقى لجامعات العالم الإسلامى بتوفير مساقات متخصصة لهذا الغرض منذ أوائل الثمانينات، وكانت الجامعة الإسلامية العالمية بماليزيا التى أسست سنة 1983 من أنشط الجامعات فى هذا الصدد، وهو نشاط استلفت نظر الباحث إذ وجده يستحق الرصد والتوثيق العلمى، والمراجعة إذا اقتضت الضرورة لا بهدف الإشادة بالتجربة بل رغبة فى الإفادة والاستفادة من قبل المختصين من المهتمين بهذا الميدان الحيوى من ميادين خدمة اللغة العربية بل خدمة الإسلام، وحضارته نظرا للارتباط الوثيق بين اللغة العربية وهذا الدين الحنيف باعتبارها لغة كتابه الخالد، والمعلم الرئيس من معالم الهوية الإسلامية المميزة والصمود الحضارى.*****************************************************One of the most positive effects of the Islamic awakening since the early seventies, in the twentieth century, which spread across the Islamic world in a significant manner, has been the increased Muslims’ interest in learning the Arabic language all over the world. There began a real interest in the universities of the Muslim world for the Arabic language by providing specialized courses for this purpose since the early eighties and  the International Islamic University Malaysia established in 1983 has been the most active university in this regard. And this activity of the university drew the interest of the researcher who found it worthy of investigation and scientific documentation as well as of revision, if necessary, not in order to pay tribute to the experience, but for taking advantage and learning from specialists interested in this vital field of the fields of Arabic language service which is actually service of Islam and its civilization considering the strong connection between Islam and the Arabic language, the language of the Qur’Én , the most distinctive feature of Islamic identity and resilience of Islamic civilization.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of Arabic Text Steganography

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6851
Author(s):  
Reema Thabit ◽  
Nur Izura Udzir ◽  
Sharifah Md Yasin ◽  
Aziah Asmawi ◽  
Nuur Alifah Roslan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Arabic Text ◽  
Ideal Object ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Text Steganography ◽  
Text Content

Protecting sensitive information transmitted via public channels is a significant issue faced by governments, militaries, organizations, and individuals. Steganography protects the secret information by concealing it in a transferred object such as video, audio, image, text, network, or DNA. As text uses low bandwidth, it is commonly used by Internet users in their daily activities, resulting a vast amount of text messages sent daily as social media posts and documents. Accordingly, text is the ideal object to be used in steganography, since hiding a secret message in a text makes it difficult for the attacker to detect the hidden message among the massive text content on the Internet. Language’s characteristics are utilized in text steganography. Despite the richness of the Arabic language in linguistic characteristics, only a few studies have been conducted in Arabic text steganography. To draw further attention to Arabic text steganography prospects, this paper reviews the classifications of these methods from its inception. For analysis, this paper presents a comprehensive study based on the key evaluation criteria (i.e., capacity, invisibility, robustness, and security). It opens new areas for further research based on the trends in this field.

Female labour participation and pay equity in Arab countries: commonalities and differences

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf M. Sidani ◽  
Tony Feghali
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Arab Country ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Pay Equity ◽  
Problematic Situation ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Labour Participation

While there is a common belief that female labour indicators in Arab countries demonstrate a problematic situation, little is understood about the varieties within countries in that region. This paper attempts to draw a segmentation of the Arab world to show how different countries differ in this regard. It looks at two specific measures: the level of female participation as a percentage of male participation (FPM), and the female earned income to male income (FIM). Statistics from 20 Arab countries generated four clusters in which those countries are classified. Female labour indicators in most countries in the Arab world show similar patterns found in other countries in their stage of development. This confirms earlier research that indicates that women's labour participation decreases as societies move away from agriculture into manufacturing, services and industry. Only four countries are identified as outliers whose labour indicators can be understood within the context of the cultural values that dominate. The implications are discussed and individual research on female labour within each Arab country is invited.

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