THE VALIDITY OF THE MASORETIC TEXT AS A BASIS FOR DIACHRONIC LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF BIBLICAL TEXTS: EVIDENCE FROM MASORETIC VOCALISATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 1064-1079
Author(s):  
Nili Samet
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Biblical Hebrew ◽  
Masoretic Text ◽  
The Feminine ◽  
Biblical Texts ◽  
The Difference ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Historical Nature

The last decade has witnessed a lively scholarly debate regarding the diachrony of biblical Hebrew and the validity of the differentiation between CBH and LBH. Lately, two of the prominent challengers of the traditional views have criticised the diachronic school from a new perspective, arguing against the use of the Masoretic Text as a basis for the linguistic discussion. This paper seeks to establish the validity of the Masoretic Text as a basis for diachronic linguistic analysis from the angle of Tiberian vocalisation. Three case studies from the Book of Qoheleth are examined, each involving an LBH component whose existence in the text is revealed to us only through Masoretic vocalisation. The case studies include the assimilation of third aleph with third he participles; the use of the abstract nominal pattern qitlôn; and the feminine demonstrative ז ֹה .The case studies show that the Masoretes had preserved the difference between CBH and LBH pronunciations, although they were probably unaware of the historical nature of these different pronunciations and of their diachronic dimension. These findings testify to a strong and stable oral Masoretic tradition which accompanied the written one. Both were transmitted for many centuries, and they were, in many cases, precise to the extant they could reflect dialectological differences within Biblical Hebrew. The paper concludes with a comment regarding Masoretic anachronisms and their place in the overall picture of Masoretic traditions.

THE BALANCE OF PROBABILITY: STATISTICS AND THE DIACHRONIC STUDY OF ANCIENT HEBREW

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 927-960
Author(s):  
Jarod Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Dead Sea Scrolls ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Biblical Hebrew ◽  
Large Datasets ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Statistical Tools ◽  
Masoretic Text ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Recent Debate ◽  
Diachronic Study

In this article, I discuss three statistical tools that have proven pivotal in linguistic research, particularly those studies that seek to evaluate large datasets. These tools are the Gaussian Curve, significance tests, and hierarchical clustering. I present a brief description of these tools and their general uses. Then, I apply them to an analysis of the variations between the “biblical” DSS and our other witnesses, focusing upon variations involving particles. Finally, I engage the recent debate surrounding the diachronic study of Biblical Hebrew. This article serves a dual function. First, it presents statistical tools that are useful for many linguistic studies. Second, it develops an analysis of the he-locale, as it is used in the “biblical” Dead Sea Scrolls, Masoretic Text, and Samaritan Pentateuch. Through that analysis, this article highlights the value of inferential statistical tools as we attempt to better understand the Hebrew of our ancient witnesses.

Psychology: Volume 5

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World View ◽  
Science Volume ◽  
Western World ◽  
Mental Life ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Difference ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Indian Setting ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Relationship

This survey of research on psychology in five volumes is a part of a series undertaken by the ICSSR since 1969, which covers various disciplines under social science. Volume Five of this survey, Explorations into Psyche and Psychology: Some Emerging Perspectives, examines the future of psychology in India. For a very long time, intellectual investments in understanding mental life have led to varied formulations about mind and its functions across the word. However, a critical reflection of the state of the disciplinary affairs indicates the dominance of Euro-American theories and methods, which offer an understanding coloured by a Western world view, which fails to do justice with many non-Western cultural settings. The chapters in this volume expand the scope of psychology to encompass indigenous knowledge available in the Indian tradition and invite engaging with emancipatory concerns as well as broadening the disciplinary base. The contributors situate the difference between the Eastern and Western conceptions of the mind in the practice of psychology. They look at this discipline as shaped by and shaping between systems like yoga. They also analyse animal behaviour through the lens of psychology and bring out insights about evolution of individual and social behaviour. This volume offers critique the contemporary psychological practices in India and offers a new perspective called ‘public psychology’ to construe and analyse the relationship between psychologists and their objects of study. Finally, some paradigmatic, pedagogical, and substantive issues are highlighted to restructure the practice of psychology in the Indian setting.

scholarly journals A New Mixed Functional-probabilistic Approach for Finite Element Accuracy

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-813
Author(s):  
Joël Chaskalovic ◽  
Franck Assous
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Elements ◽  
Asymptotic Relation ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Random Variable ◽  
High Order ◽  
Relative Accuracy ◽  
The Difference ◽  
New Perspective

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to provide a new perspective on finite element accuracy. Starting from a geometrical reading of the Bramble–Hilbert lemma, we recall the two probabilistic laws we got in previous works that estimate the relative accuracy, considered as a random variable, between two finite elements {P_{k}} and {P_{m}} ({k<m}). Then we analyze the asymptotic relation between these two probabilistic laws when the difference {m-k} goes to infinity. New insights which qualify the relative accuracy in the case of high order finite elements are also obtained.

scholarly journals Epistemic values of quantity and variety of evidence in biological mechanism research

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Chung Au
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Causal Inference ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Biological Mechanism ◽  
Data Generation ◽  
Extended Version ◽  
Epistemic Values ◽  
Difference Making ◽  
Mechanism Research ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThis paper proposes an extended version of the interventionist account for causal inference in the practical context of biological mechanism research. This paper studies the details of biological mechanism researchers’ practices of assessing the evidential legitimacy of experimental data, arguing why quantity and variety are two important criteria for this assessment. Because of the nature of biological mechanism research, the epistemic values of these two criteria result from the independence both between the causation of data generation and the causation in question and between different interventions, not techniques. The former independence ensures that the interventions in the causation in question are not affected by the causation that is responsible for data generation. The latter independence ensures the reliability of the final mechanisms not only in the empirical but also the formal aspects. This paper first explores how the researchers use quantity to check the effectiveness of interventions, where they at the same time determine the validity of the difference-making revealed by the results of interventions. Then, this paper draws a distinction between experimental interventions and experimental techniques, so that the reliability of mechanisms, as supported by the variety of evidence, can be safely ensured in the probabilistic sense. The latter process is where the researchers establish evidence of the mechanisms connecting the events of interest. By using case studies, this paper proposes to use ‘intervention’ as the fruitful connecting point of literature between evidence and mechanisms.

Biblical Quotations in the Aramaic Incantation Bowls and Their Contribution to the Study of the Babylonian Reading Tradition

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-170
Author(s):  
Dorota Molin
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Hebrew Bible ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Biblical Hebrew

Dorota Molin’s article highlights the importance of the incantation bowls in Jewish Babylonian Aramaic from the sixth–seventh centuries CE for the study of the pre-Masoretic Babylonian reading tradition of Biblical Hebrew. Biblical quotations within these bowls constitute the only direct documentation of Biblical Hebrew from Babylonia at that time. The phonetic spelling of the quotations provides much information about their pronunciation. In a series of case studies Molin shows that the pronunciation of the quotations corresponds closely to the medieval Babylonian reading tradition. She also demonstrates that they reflect interference from the Aramaic vernacular, manifested especially in weakening of the guttural consonants, and that the writers drew from an oral tradition of the Hebrew Bible.

Linguistic Analysis of Biblical Hebrew (review)

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Gary. Rendsburg
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Biblical Hebrew

scholarly journals Neuronal Coherence Agent for Shared Intentionality: A Hypothesis of Neurobiological Processes Occurring during Social Interaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Igor Val Danilov ◽  
◽  
Sandra Mihailova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Shared Intentionality ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Neuronal Coherence

The present interdisciplinary study discusses the physical foundations of the neurobiological processes occurring during social interaction. The review of the literature establishes the difference between Intentionality and Intention, thereby proposing the theoretical basis of Shared Intentionality in humans. According to the present study, Shared Intentionality in humans (Goal-directed coherence of biological systems), which is the ability among social organisms to instantly select just one stimulus for the entire group, is the outcome of evolutionary development. Therefore, this interaction modality should be the preferred, archetypal, and most propagated modality in organisms, attributed to the Model of Hierarchical Complexity Stage 3. This characteristic of biological systems facilitates the training of the new members of the group and also ensures efficient cooperation among the members of the group without requiring communication. In humans, Shared Intentionality contributes to the learning of newborns. The neurons of a mature organism may teach the neonate neurons regarding the fitting reactions to the excitatory inputs of the specific structural organization. This enables the neonate neurons to develop a Long-Term Potentiation that links particular stimuli with specific embodied sensorimotor neural networks. The present report discusses three possible neuronal coherence agents that could involve quantum mechanisms in cells, thereby enabling the distribution of the quality of goal-directed coherence in biological systems (Shared Intentionality in humans). Recently reported case studies conducted online with the task of conveying the meaning of numerosity to the children of age 18–33 months revealed the occurrence of Shared Intentionality in mother-child dyads in the absence of sensory cues between the two, which promoted cognitive development in the children. The findings of these case studies support the concept of physical foundations and the hypothesis of the neurophysiological process of social interaction proposed in the present study.

3D PETROPHYSICS FOR HAWE: CASE STUDIES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Kolomytsev ◽  
◽  
Yulia Pronyaeva Pronyaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Reservoir Characterization ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Current Layer ◽  
Radial Model ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Geological Concept ◽  
Property Changes

Most conventional log interpretation technics use the radial model, which was developed for vertical wells and work well in them. But applying this model to horizontal wells can result in false conclusions. The reasons for this are property changes in vertical direction and different depth of investigation (DOI) of logging tools. DOI area probably can include a response from different layers with different properties. All of this complicates petrophysical modeling. The 3D approach for high angle well evaluation (HAWE) is forward modeling in 3D. For this modeling, it is necessary to identify the geological concept near the horizontal well section using multiscale data. The accuracy of modeling depends on the details of the accepted geological model based on the data of borehole images, logs, geosteering inversion, and seismic data. 3D modeling can be applied to improve the accuracy of reservoir characterization, well placement, and completion. The radial model is often useless for HAWE because LWD tools have different DOI and the invasion zone was not formed. But the difference between volumetric and azimuthal measurements is important for comprehensive interpretation because various formations have different properties in vertical directions. Resistivity tools have the biggest DOI. It is important to understand and be able to determine the reason for changes in log response: a change in the properties of the current layer or approaching the layers with other properties. For this, it is necessary to know the distance to the boundaries of formations with various properties and, therefore, to understand the geological structure of the discovered deposits, and such information on the scale of well logs can be obtained either by modeling or by using extra deep resistivity inversion (mapping). The largest amount of multidisciplinary information is needed for modeling purposes - from images and logs to mapping and seismic data. Case studies include successful examples from Western Siberia clastic formations. In frame of the cases, different tasks have been solved: developed geological concept, updated petrophysical properties for STOIIP and completion, and provided solutions during geosteering. Multiscale modeling, which includes seismic, geosteering mapping data, LWD, and imagers, has been used for all cases.

YHWH’s mouthpiece to the exiles

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Doniwen Pietersen ◽  
Dirk Human
Keyword(s):  
Text Corpus ◽  
Similar Position ◽  
Masoretic Text ◽  
Book Of Jeremiah ◽  
The Difference

This article seeks to make a contribution to the discourse on how the difference between the two versions of the book of Jeremiah as it pertains to two bracketed texts, e.g. Jer. 25:11–12 – Jer. 46:27–28 illustrate a regard of hope on the end of the Exile. Does the Masoretic Text (MT) have a different perspective on the idea of hope, or do both the MT and Septuagint (LXX) share a similar position on this? Moreover, this article attempts to characterise the claim of the MT versus the LXX and tries to understand these texts in light of the above-mentioned text-corpus in its earliest development, but also to foreground this idea of hope within a theological analysis of Jeremiah 29:1–32.

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