CANONICAL NARRATIVE SCHEMA: A KEY TO UNDERSTANDING THE VICTORY DISCOURSE IN JUDITH: A GREIMASSIAN CONTRIBUTION

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 638-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risimati Hobyane
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Second Temple ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Narrative Texts ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Critical Approaches ◽  
Narrative Techniques ◽  
Narrative Syntax ◽  
Critical Aspects ◽  
Jewish Religion

A historical critical approach to narratives has contributed significantly to the analysis of ancient narratives. However, this approach has somehow unfairly ignored some other critical aspects of many ancient narratives. Judith is no exception to this claim. While appreciating the contribution of historical critical approaches to Judith (i.e., the questions on authorship, historical and geographical inconsistencies etc.), the aim of this article is to go beyond the historicity of Judith, and reveal some narrative techniques employed by the author in creating a woman protagonist who is destined to achieve the unthinkable in the minds of the men of her contemporary world. This article explores these narrative techniques by employing the narrative analysis, narrative syntax in particular, of the Greimassian approach to narrative texts. Subsequently, this article contributes to research of Judith by revealing the path that Judith followed on her quest to save the Jewish religion from extinction during the Second Temple period. 

scholarly journals The Tyrian King in MT and LXX Ezekiel 28:12b–15

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Lydia Lee
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Hebrew Text ◽  
Second Temple ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Second Temple Period ◽  
Biblical Literature ◽  
Israelite Religion ◽  
Masoretic Text ◽  
Fluid Boundary

The biblical prophecy in Ezekiel 28:11–19 records a dirge against the king from Tyre. While the Hebrew Masoretic Text (MT) identifies the monarch as a cherub, the Greek Septuagint (LXX) distinguishes the royal from the cherub. Scholarly debates arise as to which edition represents the more original version of the prophecy. This article aims to contribute to the debates by adopting a text-critical approach to the two variant literary editions of the dirge, comparing and analyzing their differences, while incorporating insights gleaned from the extra-biblical literature originating from the ancient Near East, Second Temple Period, and Late Antiquity. The study reaches the conclusion that the current MT, with its presentation of a fluid boundary between the mortal and divine, likely builds on a more ancient interpretation of the Tyrian king. On the other hand, while the Hebrew Vorlage of LXX Ezekiel 28:12b–15 resembles the Hebrew text of the MT, the Greek translator modifies the text via literary allusions and syntactical rearrangement, so that the final result represents a later reception that suppresses any hints at the divinity of the Tyrian ruler. The result will contribute to our understanding of the historical development of the ancient Israelite religion.

scholarly journals Literatura sobre educação e tecnologia com referencial de Paulo Freire: um retrato e um recorte crítico

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Jaciara de Sá Carvalho ◽  
Suzana Elisa Cunha Marques ◽  
Carolina Carvalho Pellon
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Paulo Freire ◽  
The Political ◽  
Common Elements ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Nature Of Technology ◽  
Critical Approaches ◽  
Education And Technology ◽  
Relations Of Power

The article presents an approximate portrait of works on education and technology in Brazil that claimed themselves as being developed under Paulo Freire’s framework. The composition performed through content analysis exposes characteristics of the sample of 29 articles. The investigation focused on one point of this portrait, when analyzing whether the works addressed the relations of power, exploitation and domination, common elements in critical approaches and examined through the contributions of Apple and Au (2015) and Selwyn (2016a, 2017), in dialogue with Freire (1987, 1998). Although they do not adhere to the predominant discourse in the literature in the area, most articles do not explore these important issues for a critical approach. In the limits of this research, it is highlighted the necessity of more works of education and technology under Paulo Freire’s framework that considers the political nature of technology.

On critical approaches, unintended consequences and the data of everyday life in ‘performing towns’

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Fleisher
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
Theory Of Practice ◽  
Critical Approaches ◽  
The Way

I welcome Axel Christophersen's effort to offer a new approach to the study of Scandinavian medieval urban communities, and his outline of an ‘urban archaeology of social practice’. His presentation of a theoretical framework and language offers many insights as to how archaeologists can analyse the way people constructed their social lives through practice. It is exciting to see studies that grapple with the complexities of everyday life in urban settings. This article makes a significant contribution in its explicit approach to a theory of practice that archaeologists can use to explore and describe social change. Christophersen draws heavily on the work of Shove, Pantzar and Watson as detailed in their 2012 bookThe dynamics of social practice. Everyday life and how it changes; I was unfamiliar with this work until reading this essay and I am impressed with the way this framework offers a language and a concrete approach to understanding how practices emerge, evolve and disappear. My goal here is not to revisit the details of this argument, but rather to push on some select issues raised in the paper. I first discuss the way that Christophersen frames his arguments against a processual archaeological approach, suggesting that his effort to provide an alternative might be unintentionally minimizing a more critical approach to everyday life. Next, I discuss the role and place of unintended consequences in Christophersen's argument. And finally I examine the way that Christophersen's approach might be more fully operationalized with data, providing some examples from my own work in eastern Africa.

The People of the Book, 200 BCE–200 CE

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maristella Botticini ◽  
Zvi Eckstein
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Second Temple ◽  
First Century ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
The People ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Jewish Religion

This chapter discusses the well-documented shift of the religious norm that transformed the Jews into the People of the Book. During the first century BCE, some Jewish scholars and religious leaders promoted the establishment of free secondary schools. A century later, they issued a religious ordinance requiring all Jewish fathers to send their sons from the age of six or seven to primary school to learn to read and study the Torah in Hebrew. With the destruction of the Second Temple, the Jewish religion permanently lost one of its two pillars (the Temple) and set out on a unique trajectory. Scholars and rabbis, the new religious leaders in the aftermath of the first Jewish–Roman war, replaced temple service and ritual sacrifices with the study of the Torah in the synagogue—the new focal institution of Judaism.

Jewish Religion in the Apocrypha

2021 ◽  
pp. 450-476
Author(s):  
Carla Sulzbach
Keyword(s):  
Second Temple ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Rabbinic Judaism ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Early Judaism ◽  
Wisdom Of Solomon ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Jewish Religion

In this chapter, the Apocrypha are read through the lenses of Jewish observances in their original Second Temple era milieu, in their (dis-)continuity with biblical as well as post-Temple Rabbinic culture. This allows for these writings, all dating from the Graeco-Roman period, to be put on a trajectory from pre-exilic times (to which they were heir and to which they refer), through Second Temple times, to Rabbinic Judaism. The total known textual corpus dating from this period is much greater and also comprises the Pseudepigrapha, Qumran, and the Hellenistic-Jewish historians. Early Christian texts in their interaction with their Jewish subtexts, too, shed light on the development of Early Judaism of this period although these fall outside the purview of this article, which narrows its focus to a selection of representative examples, namely, 1 and 3 Maccabees, Tobit and Judith, the Additions to Daniel and to Esther, as well as the Wisdom of Solomon.

Faulty ‘tools’? Why social work scholarship needs to take a more critical approach to Michel Foucault

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Michael Garrett
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Coercive Power ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Critical Approaches ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Micro Level

Summary Having outlined Foucault’s articulation of power and governmentality, the article critically explores attempts to translate the philosopher’s theorisation into social work. Findings After briefly referring to Jacques Donzelot’s work and that of other writers, it is argued that Foucault’s conceptual ‘tools’ are problematic for those seeking to promote critical approaches within the field of social work. Those influenced by Foucault’s complex contributions may amplify a defective understanding of power which unduly emphasises ‘soft’ power and neglects the continuing significance of hierarchical and coercive power. This is reflected in Foucault’s analysis of the state and, at a micro level, his remarks on sexualised interactions involving adults and children. Efforts to ‘apply’ Foucauldian reasoning within social work may also risk promoting politically passive forms of theory and practice. Applications Contributing to the discipline’s literature on Foucault, the article maintains the social work scholarship has much to gain by engaging with work, but this engagement might aspire to become more critical.

The Attraction of Aristocratic Women to Pharisaism During the Second Temple Period

1995 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tal Ilan
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Second Temple ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
Second Temple Period ◽  
The Real ◽  
Important Study ◽  
Jewish Religion ◽  
Wissenschaft Des Judentums

Unlike Christianity, which regards the word “Pharisee” as synonymous with “hypocrite,” “legalist,” and “petty-bourgeois,” Jews have always understood Pharisaism as the correct and trustworthy side of Judaism. Since the eighteenth century, all disputants who participated in the great controversies and schisms within Judaism have claimed to represent the true heirs of the Pharisees. For example, adherents of the strong anti-Hasidic movement initiated by R. Eliyahu of Vilna in the second half of the eighteenth century, who are usually referred to in literature by the negative appellation “opposers” (םירננחמ), referred to themselves by the positive title “Pharisees” (םישורפ). When the Reform movement was founded in Germany in the first half of the nineteenth century, with the goal of reforming the Jewish religion to make it more “modern” and acceptable to its neighbors, the reformers perceived themselves as the true heirs of the Pharisees. In his important study of the Pharisees and Sadducees, Abraham Geiger, one of the founders, ofWissenschaft des Judentumsand an important spokesman for the radical wing of the Reform movement, formulated the view of the flexible open-minded Pharisees, who reformed Judaism to the point of contradicting the laws set out in the Pentateuch, in order to accommodate them to their changing needs. Geiger's opponents easily produced evidence that negated his findings and proved beyond doubt that they, in their conservative strain, were the real heirs of Pharisaism. To his opponents, Geiger was a representative of the detestable Sadducees or their later counterparts, the Karaites.

scholarly journals Critical Social Analysis of Crisis

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-37
Author(s):  
Felipe Ziotti Narita ◽  
Jeremiah Morelock
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Analysis ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
The Social ◽  
Critical Approaches ◽  
Critical Social

In this article, we offer a critical social analysis of crisis in light of capitalist development and, above all, in the post-2008 world. We discuss five approaches in the social sciences that deal with the problem of crisis and develop some theore­tical lines for a critical approach to the theme. We argue that precarity can be an important topic for grasping the current crises via critical approaches. The text also presents the six articles that are part of the issue we edited for Praktyka Teoretyczna entitled “Latency of the crisis.”

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF CRITICAL APPROACHES AND HUMAN SCIENCES IN ORIENTING CULTURE AND COGNITION IN HUMAN SOCIETIES (A STUDY OF CONTEMPORARY CULTURAL AND COGNITIVE SHIFTS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (06) ◽  
pp. 369-380
Author(s):  
Djamal SAIHI
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Mass Culture ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Cultural Systems ◽  
Critical Approaches ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
Intellectual Advancement ◽  
Critical Process

This study aims at presenting a critical reading of the human sciences approaches during the last half of the twentieth century, as the human sciences plays an active role in the formation of societies cultures, and the critical process is closely related to the this field, subsequently, they are complementary. The critical process positively contributes to the realization of multiple readings and the cognitive and cultural enrichment. The twentieth century has witnessed cultural and cognitive shifts that led to the emergence of many critical trends which carries human studies from the focus on external contexts that produced the text to the focus on the cultural systems implied beyond and inside the text. We believe that human sciences have an effective role in orienting societies' culture towards the intellectual advancement and the civilizational progress. Therefore, this study seeks to highlight this important feature of modern and contemporary humanities. The study also attempts to link the human sciences with the digital transitions that the contemporary world has known, especially at the dawn of the third millennium, whereby television, computer, Internet, smart phones and so on have been invented. These tools have made qualitative leap and radical shift in critical studies and humanities. Cultural studies has dominated the field of humanities. Thus, literary and critical interest has shifted from the elite’s environment to the popular mass culture which represents the vast majority in human societies. Hence, the present study explores the mentioned shifts following basically the descriptive approach as well as the historical approach when necessary in order to achieve the research objectives. On the basis of what have been mentioned, the following questions are raised: What is meant by human sciences? What is its relationship to the positive construction of human culture? What is the relationship between the critical approaches and the humanities? How their integration can be realized? What are the proposed means to make the humanities achieve intellectual moderation and cultural balance? Finally, what are the prospects for contemporary human sciences in light of the computational dominance and the digitization?.

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