GENDER ISSUES AND THE NIGERIAN CONSTITUTION: A RAY OF LIGHT, OR TWILIGHT ON THE HORIZON?

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-132
Author(s):  
Iyabode Ogunniran
Keyword(s):  
Gender Issues ◽  
Gender Quotas ◽  
Constitutional Amendments ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
Gender Policy ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Positive Rights ◽  
The Government ◽  
To Come ◽  
And Gender

The consensus in modern democracies is that constitutions should be based on inclusivity. However, the Nigerian constitution is replete with provisions which are interpreted to either deny the realities of women or outright discriminate against them. This article examines the intersections of gender, law and the Nigerian constitution. It argues that women have played a minimal role in the history of constitution making. The inclusion and interpretation of equality; non-discrimination; negative vs. positive rights and gender quotas are biased. The article posits that a conscious effort to give women presence in the polity started in the Nigerian Fourth Republic. The National Gender Policy mainstreamed gender to increase the participation of women in politics and hoisted favourable economic strategies. In addition, in 2014, President Goodluck Jonathan inaugurated a national conference, where far-reaching resolutions were made on gender issues. Consequently, some of the socio-economic rights have been made justiciable and imputed in the latest Constitutional Amendments Bill. An impasse between the president and the National Assembly led to his refusal to assent. The tenure of the government has ended and the resolutions of the conference may not be revisited for some time to come. In contrast to the earlier position, the Nigerian Supreme Court, in two notable decisions, strongly condemned discriminatory inheritance customary practices. The author’s finding is that constitutional amendments and a continuous active stance by the courts, amongst others, offer leeways for women’s development.

scholarly journals História da Ciência e relações de gênero: a publicação de “Sir Isaac Newton’s philosophy explained for de use of ladies. In six dialogues on light and colours”

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Leandro Londero ◽  
Monica Abrantes Galindo ◽  
Marcos Serzedello
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Gender Relations ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Education History ◽  
Science And Society ◽  
Maternal Role ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender

Resumo: Analisamos na tradução feita para o inglês, por Elisabeth Carter, em 1739, a obra de Francesco Algarotti “Sir Isaac Newton’s philosophy explain’d for the use of ladies. In six dialogues on light and colours”. Buscamos compreender os aspectos que a caracterizam como uma publicação para damas e identificar possíveis questões de gênero. Identificamos na obra uma tendência machista na ciência e elementos que evidenciam um imaginário de que a mulher não teria as qualidades necessárias para compreender a ciência, elementos esses coerentes com a transição de um período em que as mulheres eram consideradas inferiores em todos os aspectos para um outro no qual a construção do papel materno aparece como fundante de uma concepção de mulher não mais inferior, mas fundamentalmente diferente do homem e com papeis complementares a ele. Podemos dizer que esses imaginários podem influenciar as possibilidades de participação das mulheres na empreitada científica.Palavras-chave: Educação em Ciências; História da Ciência; Ciência e Sociedade (Gênero). History of Science and gender relations: a publication of “Sir Isaac Newton’s philosophy explained for de use of ladies. In six dialogues on light and colours”Abstract: We analyze Elisabeth Carter's 1739 translation of Francesco Algarotti's "Sir Isaac Newton's philosophy explain'd for the use of ladies. In six dialogues on light and colors. "We seek to understand the aspects that characterize it as a publication for ladies and to identify possible gender issues. We identified in the work a macho tendency in science and elements that evidence an imaginary that women would not have the qualities necessary to understand science, elements that are consistent with the transition from a period in which women were considered inferior in all respects to a another in which the construction of the maternal role appears as the founder of a conception of woman no longer inferior but fundamentally different from man and with roles complementary to him. We can say that these imaginary can influence the possibilities of participation of women in the scientific enterprise.Keywords: Science Education, History of Science; Science and Society (Gender). 

scholarly journals FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO DECLINATION OF WOMEN PROJECTS FUNDED BY LOCAL MFIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-39
Author(s):  
Phillip Kinuthia
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Group Leaders ◽  
Business Training ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Women Groups ◽  
The Government ◽  
To Come ◽  
And Gender

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the factors contributing to declination of women projects funded by local MFIsMethodology: A qualitative and quantitative case study was adopted. The target population was included all the Kabete women groups financed by the KWFT Kabete branch. The number of groups was 200 with a total of 1000 members. As it not feasible for the researcher to study every member in the target population, a sample of 10% was considered representative. A nonrandom sampling technique was used to select 3 respondents from the various groups where the group leaders such as chair lady, treasurer and secretary were requested to fill in the questionnaires which were the instruments for data collection. The data collected was analyzed by use of descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: Findings indicated that the main causes of failure of women projects funded by MFIs can be attributed to the general SME constraints such as competition, lack of technical training and capacity building and inappropriate information and technology. In addition, genders issues such as women immobility, lack of confidence, inadequate time and unequal distribution of productive resources contributed to failure. It was also found that low degree of formal training in various business areas was a state common with many women undertaking projects funded by local MFIs. It was found that despite local MFIs offering flexible borrowing and repayment terms, majority of women borrowers found it difficult to repay loans on time. It was also found that majority of women projects had not expanded nor contracted, that is, they had no noticeable growth. Nonetheless, it was unfortunate that a significant portion of women projects had actually collapsed as a result of the general and gender constraints listed in this study.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: It was recommended that general constraints to SMEs and gender disparities needed to be sorted out. The policy calling for improvement in the legal and regulatory framework require a comprehensive review of all pertinent Acts in order to determine the extent to which such acts have adverse impact on SMEs. The government effort to create markets such as Muthurwa and the other potential markets should be reinforced by the provision of amenities such as water, sanitation and electricity in those markets. Furthermore, more work places and land need to be set aside for the construction of effective trading structures. The government and stakeholders as well need to come together and establish public private partnerships with the mandate of providing business training as well building capacity among SME owners. The researcher recommends a study on an analytical study shedding light to the reasons for the slow implementation of various policies aimed at benefiting the SME sector

Gender, Security, and Peacebuilding

2021 ◽  
pp. 203-216
Author(s):  
Sarah Smith
Keyword(s):  
Gender Issues ◽  
Gender Theory ◽  
Conflict Studies ◽  
Security Governance ◽  
Gender Policy ◽  
Peace And Conflict Studies ◽  
Peace And Conflict ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Feminist Work

This chapter examines how gender is relevant to, shapes, and is shaped by security and peacebuilding. It considers gender issues in security and peacebuilding, examines gender policy in peacebuilding, and provides a reflection on the future of the field based on the significant contributions of feminist work to security and peace theorizing. It highlights two significant contributions of feminist and gender theory in security and peacebuilding: making visible previously marginalized experiences and knowledge and exposing the gendered logics that inform this exclusion and are fundamentally entwined with and productive of the priorities and practices of security and peacebuilding. This means that rectifying gender-discriminatory understandings of peace and security requires a reconceptualization of what constitutes security and peace, and the institutions and processes that pursue these goals. These imperatives are directed at both peace and security governance as well as peace and conflict studies as a field of academic study.

Implementation of Gender Policies by the Private Sector in the UAE: Challenges and Opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-153
Author(s):  
Mashael Al Fardan ◽  
Belisa Marochi
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
The Public ◽  
Gender Policy ◽  
Gender Balance ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Gender Policies ◽  
The Government

The United Arab Emirates (UAE)’s “Vision 2021” set a deadline for the country to become one of the top 25 countries in the area of gender equality by the end of that year, with the government launching a gender balance program to achieve this goal. However, the private sector faces challenges in the implementation of these national gender policies. Even with country’s multinational entities leading the way for gender equality in the private sector, implementing the new gender policy is challenging. This study demonstrates the ways in which cooperation between private sector entities and the government is often dysfunctional. Testimony from 10 interviews with professionals in UAE-based companies suggests that businesses face problems implementing gender-balancing policies due to a lack of transparency, reporting, and accurate data on gender issues within both the private and the public sectors. The study concludes that businesses require greater guidance and more transparent measures to be able to advance gender equality issues in the UAE.

Partai Islam, Tafsif Agama, dan Representasi Perempuan dalam Partai Persatuan Pembangunan

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Mouliza K.D. Sweinstani
Keyword(s):  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Women In Politics ◽  
Women Candidates ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Islamic Political Parties ◽  
Islamic Party

Some studies about women’s participation in Islamic Political Parties are still limited in political recruitment without considering the “Islamic Values” within in. This paper aims to analyze how the Islamic Party in Indonesia supports and works for women's representation in the national legislature in 2014 amid some “mainstream-malestream” religion interpretation of a leader. By conducting in-depth interviews with the Chairman of the PPP, the most senior Islamic Party in 2014 Election, the authors found that since 2003, as stipulated in Muktamar V PPP, the party has noticed the participation and role of women in politics. It shows us that in terms of giving attention to the role of women in Politics, PPP has done it before the government launched an affirmative action policy in 2004. Unfortunately, the openness of the participation of women that have been designed by the PPP has not been followed by its efforts to change the unequal structure and gender relations. Women candidates must compete in the prevailing market mechanism which is still gender-neutral.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Success of Gender Mainstreaming in New Zealand Official Development Assistance Since 2000

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Philippa Bennett
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Official Development Assistance ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
Gender Policy ◽  
And Gender

<p>Gender mainstreaming is one of the most widespread methods employed by donor countries and their partners to address gender equality and women’s empowerment in development. New Zealand has had a varied history of engagement on gender issues within its aid programme. As reportedly one of the first countries within the OECD to have a specific gender policy, New Zealand’s commitment to women has waxed and waned. Case and point, in 2011, when asked where women came into New Zealand’s growing Pacific focus for aid, the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade stated that he was not interested in prescribing a gender within the aid programme. This research evaluated how gender mainstreaming has been implemented into the policies of New Zealand’s Official Development Assistance (NZODA) since 2000.   Research methods used included reviewing past and present NZODA policies, carried out alongside interviews with development specialists who had worked in the New Zealand aid and gender environment. Using a feminist lens, the research revealed that New Zealand’s ODA has had limited investment in gender equality and women’s empowerment, despite gender being mainstreamed or mandated as a cross-cutting issue since 2002. The previous structure which administered NZODA, NZAID, released an in-depth gender policy late in its existence and struggled to retain staff in the gender advisor role. The refocus of NZODA, with the subsequent reintegration of aid into foreign affairs in 2009 meant the expiration of this policy. Two years later, the new body established to administer NZODA, the NZ Aid Programme, released its only policy, where gender equality and women’s empowerment featured little and appeared tokenistic. As well as this lack of investment in women, this research revealed that gender mainstreaming appears to be misunderstood, which can only contribute to its widely perceived ineffectiveness. Recommendations argue for a committed focus on gender best practice within NZODA, alongside greater investment in programmes and activities that specifically focus on women and gender issues.</p>

Gender Studies in Azerbaijan in the Context of Epistemological Westernization

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-117
Author(s):  
Shamil Rahmanzade
Keyword(s):  
Gender Studies ◽  
General Context ◽  
Gender Quotas ◽  
Gender Policy ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Factor ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The article presents an attempt to outline the development of women's and gender studies in Azerbaijan in the context of the formation of interdisciplinarity in the social sciences and humanities and to identify their methodological significance for historical knowledge. It is especially noted that gender studies as a scientific direction were embedded in the general context of epistemological "Westernization". Gender studies in Azerbaijan practically begun in the second half of the 1990s. It should be admitted that, as in many other post-Soviet republics, the aforementioned studies, as well as the study of gender policy, gender education, did not arise spontaneously, being dictated by the internal needs of society and science, but were exported as an integral part of the “big political project”. It is noted that since 1990, the Department of Problems of Modern Philosophy of the Institute of Philosophy, Sociology and Law of the Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan has been engaged in theoretical analysis and practical application of gender studies. The research interests of Azerbaijani scientists include the study of such issues as gender aspects of socio-economic development, gender quotas and stereotypes, gender factor in politics, features of state policy on women, empowerment of women, etc. Such unfavorable factors as the absence of the feminist movement as a social base for such investigations, the dominance of patriarchal attitudes and the embryonic state of feminist reaction, as well as the tendency of “modernization of patriarchal consciousness” and others are mentioned as adverse social reasons. At the end of the article, separate tasks are formulated that face the nascent gender history of Azerbaijan.

Gender and ICT Policy

2011 ◽  
pp. 164-181
Author(s):  
Tracy Efe Rhima
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Gender Perspective ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Gender Policy ◽  
Latin America And Caribbean ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
Ict Policy

This chapter is devoted to discussion of ICT and gender policy. It explores the need for gender consideration in ICT policy, gender issues in ICT policy, adoption of gender perspective in ICT policies, challenges for the adoption of a gender perspective in the formulation and implementation of ICT policies, case studies of gender and ICT policies in Asia, Africa, Europe, Latin America and Caribbean and Australia, gender approaches to ICT policies and programs, guidelines for policy-making and regulatory agencies. It was concluded that various national government have started addressing gender issues in their policies. Recommendation was given that policy makers should ensure that Gender considerations are truly included in national ICT policy.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Success of Gender Mainstreaming in New Zealand Official Development Assistance Since 2000

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Philippa Bennett
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Official Development Assistance ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
Gender Policy ◽  
And Gender

<p>Gender mainstreaming is one of the most widespread methods employed by donor countries and their partners to address gender equality and women’s empowerment in development. New Zealand has had a varied history of engagement on gender issues within its aid programme. As reportedly one of the first countries within the OECD to have a specific gender policy, New Zealand’s commitment to women has waxed and waned. Case and point, in 2011, when asked where women came into New Zealand’s growing Pacific focus for aid, the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade stated that he was not interested in prescribing a gender within the aid programme. This research evaluated how gender mainstreaming has been implemented into the policies of New Zealand’s Official Development Assistance (NZODA) since 2000.   Research methods used included reviewing past and present NZODA policies, carried out alongside interviews with development specialists who had worked in the New Zealand aid and gender environment. Using a feminist lens, the research revealed that New Zealand’s ODA has had limited investment in gender equality and women’s empowerment, despite gender being mainstreamed or mandated as a cross-cutting issue since 2002. The previous structure which administered NZODA, NZAID, released an in-depth gender policy late in its existence and struggled to retain staff in the gender advisor role. The refocus of NZODA, with the subsequent reintegration of aid into foreign affairs in 2009 meant the expiration of this policy. Two years later, the new body established to administer NZODA, the NZ Aid Programme, released its only policy, where gender equality and women’s empowerment featured little and appeared tokenistic. As well as this lack of investment in women, this research revealed that gender mainstreaming appears to be misunderstood, which can only contribute to its widely perceived ineffectiveness. Recommendations argue for a committed focus on gender best practice within NZODA, alongside greater investment in programmes and activities that specifically focus on women and gender issues.</p>

scholarly journals Gender Mainstreaming dalam Kebijakan Pendidikan Islam Tahun 2010-2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Ainur Rofi’ah
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Education ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Gender Policy ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Uniform Policy

This article examines the gender mainstreaming in Islamic education policy for 2010-2014 adopted by the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, this article explores the extent of the strategic plan of the Ministry of Religious Affairs in 2010-2014, especially policies that are gender neutral and gender responsive policies. The author under-lines that the government needs to undertake the planning policies or programs that are more responsive to gender. One of the strategies adopted to fulfill the practical and strategic needs in this context is through Gender Mainstreaming which is implemented in relevant and signifi-cant programs. The author also asserts that Gender Mainstreaming in Islamic education is very necessary. Norms that have been frequently used as a reference for the gender policy should be reconsidered. This is to ensure that policies are drawn right on target, though—all parties must realize that—the uniform policy cannot necessarily be applied because of gender roles, however, differ both between places, time and socio-economic class.

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