Decomposition and nitrogen mineralization from green manures intercropped with coffee tree

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Rosileyde Golçalves Siqueira Cardoso ◽  
Adriene Woods Pedrosa ◽  
Mateus Cupertino Rodrigues ◽  
Ricardo Henrique Silva Santos ◽  
Paulo Roberto Cecon ◽  
...  

The knowledge about the rate of decomposition and nitrogen mineralization of green manures provides synchronization with the higher absorption stage by the coffee tree. The rate of decomposition and nitrogen mineralization varies according to the species of green manure and with the environmental factors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the decomposition and nitrogen mineralization of two green manures intercropped with coffee trees for three different periods. The experiment was divided into two designs for statistical analysis, one referring to the characterization of plant material (fresh mass, dry matter, dry matter content, nitrogen concentration and accumulation in the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) and hyacinth bean (Dolichos lablab) and another to evaluate the rate of decomposition and N mineralization of these species. The decomposition rate decreased in both species as their growth time increased in the field. The decomposition was influenced by the phenology of green manures. Nitrogen mineralization of the jack bean decreased as the growth period in the field increased and was faster than hyacinth bean only when cut at 60 days. The N mineralization was slower than mass decomposition in both species.

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosileyde Golçalves Siqueira Cardoso ◽  
Adriene Woods Pedrosa ◽  
Mateus Cupertino Rodrigues ◽  
Ricardo Henrique Silva Santos ◽  
Hermínia Emília Prieto Martinez ◽  
...  

The adequate supply of nitrogen to coffee plantation is one of the main challenges of organic agriculture. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of organic fertilization with two legume species in different intercropping periods on nitrogen nutrition, initial growth and productivity of coffee plantation. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in 2x4 split-plot factorial design, being that the plot consisted of two intercrops (coffee+jack bean and coffee+hyacinth bean) and the four intercropping periods (30, 60, 90 and 120 days after sowing of the legume), and the subplot by 50% and 100% of fertilization for the coffee plantation. The increase in the intercropping period between legumes and coffee plantation favored a greater increase in height and node number of coffee trees, besides showing higher heights when fertilized with 50% of the recommended dose and intercropped with hyacinth bean. The intercropping with the hyacinth bean resulted in a larger crown diameter of coffee trees in 2010 and a larger diameter accumulated in the two evaluated years. Higher N contents were found in coffee trees fertilized with 100% of the recommended dose. The legumes supplied the nutritional requirements of the coffee harvest fertilized with 50% of the dose. The bean yield of the processed coffee is not affected by the intercropping with the green manures of jack bean or hyacinth bean.


2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 749 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Ciavarella ◽  
R. J. Simpson ◽  
H. Dove ◽  
B. J. Leury ◽  
I. M. Sims

The concentrations of water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and its components, starch, total nitrogen, and dry matter of phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L. cv. Australian) pasture were varied by shading for periods ranging from 38.5 to 46.5 h. In unshaded pasture, WSC concentrations were lowest at sunrise [103 mg/g dry matter (DM)] and increased until early afternoon (to 160 mg/g DM). Sucrose and starch increased in concentration during daylight, whilst the concentrations of glucose, fructose, fructan, and a component of WSC considered to be mainly the carbohydrate moiety of glycoside(s) were relatively constant. The concentrations of starch, and all components of WSC except sucrose, were reduced by shading, but increased to the concentrations observed in the unshaded pasture within 2–4 h after removal of the cover. The fructans present in phalaris were determined to be oligosaccharides of degree of polymerisation (DP) 3 and DP 4 and high molecular mass fructans with DP >10. Nitrogen concentration of shaded pasture was initially higher (4.7% DM) than in unshaded pasture (3.9% DM), but decreased after removal of the shade cover. Dry matter content was reduced in shaded pasture, partly due to increased retention of water on the exterior of plants. The experiment was a precursor for a grazing trial in which the WSC content of pasture was to be altered by shading. It indicated that shading would potentially alter WSC and N concentrations, and DM content, but would have only a relatively small impact on the digestibility of the pasture.


1966 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Minson ◽  
J. L. Cowper

1. A machine is described which automatically releases previously weighed rations to individually penned sheep at hourly intervals for 24 h. 2. Six sheep were kept in a room with constant light, temperature and continuous background noise and given 912 g lucerne daily at 10.00 h or at hourly intervals by means of the automatic feeder. Faeces and urine were collected every 2 h. 3. Hourly feedings reduced the variation between 2-hourly collection periods by 47, 87, 90, 85, 70 and 91% for total dry-matter content of the faeces, faeces dry-matter concentration, total urine output, urine specific gravity, urine nitrogen concentration and total N content of the urine respectively.


1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. O'Brien ◽  
E. J. Allen

SUMMARYThree experiments, carried out in 3 years (1972–5), which examined the effects of a wide range of rates of nitrogen fertilizer applied to seed crops of Home Guard on seed and progeny crop growth are reported. There was little effect of increasing rate of N application over the range 0–300 kg/ha on seed yield, and the results suggested that very low rates of nitrogen fertilizer (< 75 kg/ha) were required for maximum seed yield in mid-Wales. Increasing the rate of nitrogen fertilizer above 304 kg/ha delayed growth and decreased yield in seed crops. Although increasing the rate of nitrogen fertilizer in seed crops delayed senescence and increased the nitrogen concentration of tubers, there were few consistent effects on sprouting or growth of progeny crops.Close negatively quadratic relationships were found between the dry-matter content of tubers and their size. The dry-matter content of all sizes of tubers increased during growth, but there were no effects of nitrogen on dry-matter content.


2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
G. Hadi

The dry matter and moisture contents of the aboveground vegetative organs and kernels of four maize hybrids were studied in Martonvásár at five harvest dates, with four replications per hybrid. The dry matter yield per hectare of the kernels and other plant organs were investigated in order to obtain data on the optimum date of harvest for the purposes of biogas and silage production.It was found that the dry mass of the aboveground vegetative organs, both individually and in total, did not increase after silking. During the last third of the ripening period, however, a significant reduction in the dry matter content was sometimes observed as a function of the length of the vegetation period. The data suggest that, with the exception of extreme weather conditions or an extremely long vegetation period, the maximum dry matter yield could be expected to range from 22–42%, depending on the vegetation period of the variety. The harvest date should be chosen to give a kernel moisture content of above 35% for biogas production and below 35% for silage production. In this phenophase most varieties mature when the stalks are still green, so it is unlikely that transport costs can be reduced by waiting for the vegetative mass to dry.


2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. 596-597
Author(s):  
P. Turiello ◽  
M. Ruiz de Huidobro ◽  
F. Bargo ◽  
A. Larriestra ◽  
A. Relling

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Е.В. Янченко

Цель исследований – дать оценку сохраняемости и болезнеустойчивости современных сортов и гибридов моркови столовой и определить корреляционные зависимости влияния биохимических показателей качества на сохраняемость и степень поражения моркови столовой различными видами болезней в процессе хранения. Исследования проводились в 2011–2016 годах во ВНИИО – филиале ФГБНУ ФНЦО по общепринятым методикам. В биохимической лаборатории отдела земледелия и агрохимии содержание сухого вещества определяли высушиванием до абсолютно сухого веса, общего сахара – по Бертрану, аскорбиновой кислоты – по Мурри, нитраты – ионоселективным методом. При характеристике моркови столовой важнейший показатель, определяющий его качество – количество сухого вещества и сахаров. В процессе хранения были выявлены следующие болезни моркови: серая гниль (Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.), белая гниль (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.)), белая парша (Rhizoctonia carotae Rad.), альтернариоз (Alternaria radicina M., Dr. et E.). В большей степени сортообразцы моркови столовой поражались серой гнилью. Лучшими по сохраняемости сортообразцами были Корсар (94,6%), F1Берлин (94,5%), Берликум Роял (94,1%) и F1 Звезда (94%). Сохраняемость у зарубежных сортов и гибридов моркови столовой была немного выше, чем у отечественных (на 0,4%) как за счет меньшей величины убыли массы (6,3% против 6,4%), так и потерь от болезней (1,6% против 1,9%). Сохраняемость корнеплодов моркови находится в прямой корреляционной зависимости от содержания сухого вещества (r=+0,41), каротиноидов (r=+0,39), моносахаров (r­=+0,30) и суммы сахаров (r=+0,27). Проявление серой гнили находится в обратной корреляционной связи с содержанием сухого вещества и каротиноидов (r=-0,37 и r=-0,35 соответственно), белой парши – в прямой корреляции с содержанием сухого вещества , моносахаров и дисахаров (r= +0,21; r= +0,39; r= -0,41 соответственно), белой гнили в обратной корреляционной связи с содержанием сухого вещества, моносахаров и дисахаров. The purpose of the research is to assess the persistence and disease resistance of modern varieties and hybrids of carrots and to determine the correlation between the influence of biochemical quality indicators on the persistence and degree of damage to carrots by various types of diseases during storage. The research was conducted in 2011–2016 at ARRIVG – branch of FSBSI FSVC, according to generally accepted methods. In the biochemical laboratory of the Department of Agriculture and Agrochemistry, the dry matter content was determined by drying to absolutely dry weight, total sugar – by Bertran, ascorbic acid – by Murri, nitrates – by the ion-selective method. When describing carrots, the most important indicator that determines its quality is the amount of dry matter and sugars. During storage, the following diseases of carrots were detected: gray rot (Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.), white rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.), white scab (Rhizoctonia carotae Rad.), alternariasis (Alternaria radicina M., Dr. et E.). To a greater extent, varieties of table carrots were affected by gray rot. The best preserved varieties were Corsar (94.6%), F1 Berlin (94.5%), Berlicum Royal (94.1%) and F1 Zvezda (94%). The persistence of foreign varieties and hybrids of table carrots was slightly higher than that of domestic ones by 0.4%. both due to a smaller amount of weight loss (6.3% vs. 6.4%) and losses from diseases (1.6% vs. 1.9%). The persistence of carrot root crops is directly correlated with the content of dry matter (r=+0.41), carotenoids (r=+0.39), monosaccharides (r=+0.30) and the amount of sugars (r=+0.27). The manifestation of gray rot is in inverse correlation with the content of dry matter and carotenoids (r=-0.37 and r=-0.35, respectively), white scab is in direct correlation with the content of dry matter (r= +0.21; r= +0.39; r= –0.41, respectively), white rot is in inverse correlation with the content of dry matter, monosaccharides and disaccharides.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document