COFFEE SILVERSKIN AND EXPIRED COFFEE POWDER USED AS ORGANIC FERTILIZERS

The coffee industry produces a wide range of organic wastes, some in large amounts, and most of them do not have a well-defined final disposal. The agricultural use of these wastes can be based on the recycling of nitrogen, but their chemical characterization and evaluation with soil under controlled conditions are mandatory. The aim of this work was to evaluate the use of coffee silverskin and expired coffee grounds as organic fertilizers. The wastes were chemically characterized according to CONAMA’S resolution No. 375 and passed through Brazil’s Agriculture Ministry regulation for organic fertilizers and soil conditioners. A greenhouse experiment with Rhodic Ferralsol soil and maize was performed to obtain the agronomic efficiency index (AEI) for nitrogen. The treatments were control (without residue), ammonium nitrate as a mineral reference, and both organic wastes, at a dose of 450 mg of Kjeldahl nitrogen per pot, in triplicate. The data obtained in the characterization were favorable to the wastes as nitrogen sources for agriculture. However, the AEIs obtained were low (0.5 and 7.9% for the expired coffee grounds and the coffee silverskin, respectively) compared to that of the mineral reference (92%). Based on these results, the use of coffee silverskin and expired grounds as organic fertilizers is not recommended but can improve soil attributes and serve as a complementary source of nitrogen and potash.

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Study of Greenhouse Use of Biohazard Wastewater and Manure Compost

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.19.1.6875 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 169-173

Author(s):

Elena Goldan ◽

Valentin Nedeff ◽

Ioan Gabriel Sandu ◽

Emilian Mosnegutu ◽

Mirela Panainte

Keyword(s):

Soil Properties ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Application Rate ◽

Organic Wastes ◽

Cattle Manure ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Manure Compost ◽

Wide Range

The biochar used on agricultural land, can have a wide range of physical, chemical and biological effects on soil properties. Also cattle manure is important not only as the amount of nutrients inserted into the soil, but also for improving the conditions for growth and development of the plants. The positive effects on soil properties and plant growth are usually observed when biochar is used in mixture with other types of organic fertilizers. In this study, was used sewage sludge biochar, cattle manure compost, and mixtures made from these organic wastes in different concentrations, at application rates of 5 t/ha and 30 t/ha, with the aim of to determine the effects on soil properties and barley plants. The use of biochar, compost and biochar-compost mixtures at 30 t/ha, produced a significant increase of barley plants and an improvement of the pH, electrical conductivity and soil respiration, while at 5 t/ha application rate, the effect of this two organic wastes and mixtures of these in different concentrations, on plants growth and soil was reduced.

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Cholinium-amino acid based ionic liquids: a new method of synthesis and physico-chemical characterization

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics ◽

10.1039/c5cp01612f ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (32) ◽

pp. 20687-20698 ◽

Cited By ~ 80

Author(s):

Serena De Santis ◽

Giancarlo Masci ◽

Francesco Casciotta ◽

Ruggero Caminiti ◽

Eleonora Scarpellini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

New Method ◽

Room Temperature Ionic Liquids ◽

Synthetic Method ◽

Chemical Structures ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Wide Range

Fourteen cholinium-amino acid based room temperature ionic liquids were prepared using a cleaner synthetic method. Chemicophysical properties were well correlated with the wide range of amino acid chemical structures.

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Physico-chemical Characterization of Forest and Agricultural Residues for Energy Conversion Processes

VNU Journal of Science Natural Sciences and Technology ◽

10.25073/2588-1140/vnunst.4926 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nguyen Hong Nam ◽

Le Gia Thanh Truc ◽

Khuong Duy Anh ◽

Laurent Van De Steene

Keyword(s):

Energy Conversion ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Forest Residues ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Wide Range ◽

Biomass Resources ◽

Thermochemical Processes ◽

The Difference

Agricultural and forest residues are potential sources of renewable energy in various countries. However, the difference in characteristics of biomass resources presents challenges for energy conversion processes which often require feedstocks that are physically and chemically consistent. This study presented a complete and comprehensive database of characteristics of a wide range of agricultural and forest residues. Moisture, bulk density, calorific value, proximate and elemental compositions, as well as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin compositions of a wide range of biomass residues were analyzed. The major impacts of the variability in biomass compositions to biochemical and thermochemical processes were also discussed.

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Type of organic fertilizer rather than organic amendment per se increases abundance of soil biota

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.11204 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e11204

Author(s):

Maria Viketoft ◽

Laura G.A. Riggi ◽

Riccardo Bommarco ◽

Sara Hallin ◽

Astrid R. Taylor

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Organic Amendments ◽

Trophic Levels ◽

Soil Biota ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Soil Organisms ◽

Wide Range

Addition of organic amendments is a commonly used practice to offset potential loss of soil organic matter from agricultural soils. The aim of the present study was to examine how long-term addition of organic matter affects the abundance of different soil biota across trophic levels and the role that the quality of the organic amendments plays. Here we used a 17-year-old fertilization experiment to investigate soil biota responses to four different organic fertilizers, compared with two mineral nitrogen fertilizers and no fertilization, where the organic fertilizers had similar carbon content but varied in their carbon to nitrogen ratios. We collected soil samples and measured a wide range of organisms belonging to different functional groups and trophic levels of the soil food web. Long-term addition of organic and mineral fertilizers had beneficial effects on the abundances of most soil organisms compared with unfertilized soil, but the responses differed between soil biota. The organic fertilizers generally enhanced bacteria and earthworms. Fungi and nematodes responded positively to certain mineral and organic fertilizers, indicating that multiple factors influenced by the fertilization may affect these heterogeneous groups. Springtails and mites were less affected by fertilization than the other groups, as they were present at relatively high abundances even in the unfertilized treatment. However, soil pH had a great influence on springtail abundance. In summary, the specific fertilizer was more important in determining the numerical and compositional responses of soil biota than whether it was mineral or organic. Overall, biennial organic amendments emerge as insufficient, by themselves, to promote soil organisms in the long run, and would need to be added annually or combined with other practices affecting soil quality, such as no or reduced tillage and other crop rotations, to have a beneficial effect.

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Evaluation of benefits and risks associated with the agricultural use of organic wastes of pharmaceutical origin

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.154 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 613-614 ◽

pp. 773-782 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Mirko Cucina ◽

Chiara Tacconi ◽

Anna Ricci ◽

Daniela Pezzolla ◽

Simone Sordi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Wastes ◽

Agricultural Use

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Rapid structural and chemical characterization of ternary phase diagrams using synchrotron radiation

Journal of Materials Research ◽

10.1557/jmr.2003.0351 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 18 (10) ◽

pp. 2522-2527 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

E. D. Specht ◽

A. Rar ◽

G. M. Pharr ◽

E. P. George ◽

P. Zschack ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Synchrotron Radiation ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Lattice Parameter ◽

Ternary Alloys ◽

Charge Coupled Device ◽

Ternary Phase Diagrams ◽

Wide Range ◽

Combinatorial Materials ◽

A Charge

A technique based on synchrotron radiation was developed that allows for rapid structural and chemical characterization of ternary alloys over a wide range of composition. The technique was applied to isothermal sections of the Cr–Fe–Ni system grown on Al2O3(0001) sapphire substrates by sequential deposition of layers of graded.thickness followed by annealing to interdiffuse the elements. A film spanning the Cr–Fe–Ni ternary system was measured in 4 h at a resolution of 2 at.% by rastering the sample under a focused beam of synchrotron radiation while simultaneously measuring the diffraction pattern with a charge-coupled device detector to determine crystallographic phases, texture, and lattice parameters and also measuring the x-ray fluorescence with an energy-dispersive detector to determine elemental composition. Maps of phase composition and lattice parameter as a function of composition for several annealing treatments were found to be consistent with equilibrium values. The technique will be useful in combinatorial materials design.

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WORM BIOMASS AND VERMICOMPOST PRODUCTION BY THE EPIGEIC EARTHWORM, PERIONYX EXCAVATUS BY USING DIFFERENT ORGANIC WASTES

10.36106/ijar/7813005 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 64-68

Author(s):

Karuna S. Ganiger ◽

Milind F. Nagannawar ◽

Soumya R. Patil ◽

Pulikeshi M. Biradar

Keyword(s):

Experimental Studies ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Organic Wastes ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Perionyx Excavatus ◽

Earthworm Species ◽

Wide Range ◽

Biomass Ratio ◽

Polyalthia Longifolia ◽

Ecological Disturbances

As the epigeic earthworms are known to be efcient and potential biodegrades and nutrient releasers, tolerant to wide range of ecological disturbances, aids in litter communication and efcient decomposers. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to nd out the inuence of various organic wastes (such as False Ashoka waste-FAW (Polyalthia longifolia), Parthenium wastePW (Parthenium hysterophorus), Cotton residue waste-CRW (Gossypium), Lawn grass waste-LGW (Agrostis) and Cattle manure-CM) on the production of worm biomass and vermicompost by the epigeic earthworm, Perionyx excavatus along with control compost experiments without worms (in triplicates) to know the potentiality of this worm species in processing of various organic wastes for the production of worm biomass as vermiprotein and vermicompost as biofertilizer. Both compost and vermicompost experimental pots were terminated after 35 and 70 days time intervals. Observations were made with respect to number of old and new adult worms, new sub-clitellates, juveniles, cocoons with their weight were noted to determine the total worm biomass (Gross biomass), biomass ratio (WBR) and Fold Increase in Worm Number (FIWN). Percent compost and vermicompost produced out of different organic waste were also calculated at the end of each experiment at35 and 70 days. The results of the present study revealed that the biomass of Perionyx excavatus such as Gross worm biomass (GWB), Worm biomass ratio (WBR) and Fold increase in worm number (FIWN) increased from 35days to 70 days time intervals in all the organic wastes (FAW, PW, CRW, LGW and CM). It was maximum in CM and minimum in FAW among all the organic wastes. There is a signicant variation was noticed in worm biomass production (GWB, WBR, and FIWN) among and between all the organic wastes except between few organic wastes at 35 and 70 days time intervals. The vermicompost production was more as compared to normal compost in all the organic wastes. Further, both compost and vermicompost production were more in CM followed by LGW, CRW, PW and minimum in FAW among all organic wastes. The signicant difference was also observed in the production of compost and vermicompost among and between different organic wastes except between few organic wastes at different time intervals. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the earthworm, Perionyx excavatus is an efcient epigeic earthworm species, effectively used in vermicomposting for the production of vermicompost and as well as in vermifarming in the production of worm biomass as vermiprotein. Further, earthworm biomass, compost and vermicompost production primarily depends on nature of organic wastes and secondly on the potentiality of earthworm species used in the experimental studies.

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Aerobic degradation 2,4-dinitrotoluene: effect of raw organic wastes and nitrogen amendment

10.21203/rs.2.16588/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Osekhokhune E Okozide ◽

Sunday Adekunle Adebusoye ◽

Oluwafemi Sunday Obayori

Keyword(s):

Corn Steep Liquor ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Tween 80 ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Organic Wastes ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Nitrogen Amendment ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Steep Liquor ◽

The Cost

Abstract 2,4-Dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), a major by-product of the synthesis of 2,4,6- trinitrotoluene, is widely used as a waterproofing, plasticizing and gelatinizing agent in propellants and explosives. Due to its toxicity, the compound is treated as a priority pollutant. Therefore, its removal from contaminated systems is a major focus of research and attention. Contaminated sites in Ibadan, Nigeria were screened for the presence of 2,4,-DNT degrading organisms. The technique of continual enrichment on NACs yielded bacterial isolates able to utilize 2,4-DNT as growth substrate. Based on phenotypic characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing one of the isolates selected for further study was identified as Proteus sp. strain OSES2. Growth of the strain on 2,4-DNT resulted in exponential increase in biomass and complete substrate utilization within 72 h accompanied with NO 3 - elimination. Degradation competence enhanced in the presence of Corn steep liquor, molasses and Tween 80 compared to incubation without amendment. Conversely, amendment with nitrogen sources yielded no significant improvement in degradation. Use of this organism organic wastes as candidates in bioremediation strategy should be exploited. This would provide a cheaper organic source supplement for cleanup purposes with the ultimate aim of reducing the cost of bioremediation while reducing wastes intended for landfill.

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A Revised Inverse Data Envelopment Analysis Model Based on Radial Models

Mathematics ◽

10.3390/math8050803 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 803

Author(s):

Xiaoyin Hu ◽

Jianshu Li ◽

Xiaoya Li ◽

Jinchuan Cui

Keyword(s):

Data Envelopment Analysis ◽

Efficiency Index ◽

Data Envelopment Analysis Model ◽

Data Envelopment ◽

Analysis Model ◽

Numerical Examples ◽

Wide Range ◽

Dea Models ◽

Overall Efficiency ◽

Decision Making Units

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in applying inverse data envelopment analysis (DEA) to a wide range of disciplines, and most applications have adopted radial-based inverse DEA models. However, results given by existing radial based inverse DEA models can be unreliable as they neglect slacks while evaluating decision-making units’ (DMUs) overall efficiency level, whereas classic radial DEA models measure the efficiency level through not only radial efficiency index but also slacks. This paper points out these disadvantages with a counterexample, where current inverse DEA models give results that outputs shall increase when inputs decrease. We show that these unreasonable results are the consequence of existing inverse DEA models’ failure in preserving DMU’s efficiency level. To rectify this problem, we propose a revised model for the situation where the investigated DMU has no slacks. Compared to existing radial inverse DEA models, our revised model can preserve radial efficiency index as well as eliminating all slacks, thus fulfilling the requirement of efficiency level invariant. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the validity and limitations of the revised model.

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