scholarly journals AN OUTLINE OF THE HISTORY OF ARCHAEOLOGY

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 823-840
Author(s):  
Lilian Karali ◽  
Eugene Afonasin ◽  
Anna Afonasina
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Archaeological Theory ◽  
History Of Archaeology ◽  
State University ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Trajectory

In this lecture, one can find an abbreviated historical trajectory of the appearance and development of archaeology as a science. The aim is to demonstrate the perceptions and biases, which have influenced and still influence the archaeological theory and practice in negative or positive ways. The lecture was prepared for the participants of the program on “Classics and Philosophy” of Novosibirsk State University (October 2018).

Aftermath

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Rowley-Conwy
Keyword(s):  
Stage Theory ◽  
Archaeological Theory ◽  
History Of Archaeology ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Academic Context ◽  
Anglophone Literature ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
System A ◽  
History Of

We have followed the story of the Three Age System a very long way indeed. We saw how it emerged in Copenhagen and Lund, how it was received there, and how Worsaae fought to establish it there. We then saw how it came to Britain, and followed in Worsaae’s footsteps from London to Edinburgh to Dublin and back to London again. In each of the three capitals in which it was considered, accepted or rejected, the academic context was quite different from the others. In London the archaeologists were safe sheltering under the dominant ethnological paradigm, and for some time saw no reason to venture out from beneath it. In Edinburgh the Four Stage Theory and long links with Denmark made the Scandinavian story much easier to swallow rapidly. In Dublin the historical elite was so blinded by the glory of their ancient history that there was no place for the archaeological theory, and it had to be carried into the capital by an originally provincial archaeological movement. Back in London, the safe ethnological chronology was jolted out of alignment by the discovery of human antiquity, and alongside this—and on the back of high-quality archaeological excavation—the Three Age System finally won the day. Some aspects of the story have long been well known. The roles of C. J. Thomsen, of J. J. A. Worsaae, of Daniel Wilson, and of John Lubbock have all received much exposure in discussions of the history of archaeology. But in following this story we have also sometimes looked beneath stones that have seldom if ever previously been lifted in this connection, at least in the Anglophone literature. It has for example rarely been understood that Thomsen’s ‘idea of prehistory’ was not simply forging back into hitherto uncharted chronological territory, but was to begin with leaning on the elaborate ancient historical structure of Peter Frederik Suhm. It was only when Christian Molbech kicked away this structure in the 1830s that the Three Age System had to stand on its own. Fortunately it was rapidly supported by three other chronologies employing physical evidence, and they acted as supports in its very earliest days of independence. When Worsaae hastened ancient history into its grave in the 1840s, the Three Age System was therefore able to stand on its own four feet (archaeology, economy, ecology, and craniology).

scholarly journals «Soviet scholars were on duty»: studying and teaching of the archaeology and the history of primitive society in the Belarusian State University during the war and post-war period

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-90
Author(s):  
Aliaksandra U. Vaitovich
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Full Time ◽  
History Of Archaeology ◽  
State University ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Primitive Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The article deals with the little-known pages of the history of archaeology and education. It reveals the main aspects of the teaching of archaeology and other disciplines of the relevant profile at the Belarusian State University in the period from 1940s to the beginning of 1950s. Lectures were conducted by full-time staff members of the Belarusian State University. Moscow scholars as well as fellow workers of the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the BSSR were also invited for teaching. Scientific activity in the field of archaeology and closely-related disciplines was constrained by personnel problems and restricted material resources. University intellectuals carried did their best to restore the Museum of history and archaeology, however, due to the lack of exhibition space, the renewed exposition had not been opened.

‘The loss of innocence’ in historical perspective

Antiquity ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (277) ◽  
pp. 694-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce G. Trigger
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Archaeological Theory ◽  
History Of Archaeology ◽  
Dual Tasks ◽  
Intrinsic Nature ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Single Discipline ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
And Control

The dual tasks of this paper are to examine David Clarke’s ideas about the development of archaeology as they relate both to the era when ‘the loss of innocence’ was written and to what has happened since. In his treatment of the history of archaeology offered in that essay, Clarke subscribed to at least two of the key tenets of the behaviourist and utilitarian approaches that dominated the social sciences in the 1960s: neoevolutionism and ecological determinism.Clarke viewed the development of archaeology as following a unilinear sequence of stages from consciousness through self-consciousness to critical self-consciousness. The first stage began with archaeology defining its subject matter and what archaeologists do. As its database and the procedures required for studying it became more elaborate, self-conscious archaeology emerged as a ‘series of divergent and selfreferencing regional schools … with regionally esteemed bodies of archaeological theory and locally preferred forms of description, interpretation and explanation’ (Clarke 1973: 7). At the stage of critical self-consciousness, regionalism was replaced by a conviction that ‘archaeologists hold most of their problems in common and share large areas of general theory within a single discipline’ (1973: 7). Archaeology was now defined by ‘the characteristic forms of its reasoning, the intrinsic nature of its knowledge and information, and its competing theories of concepts and their relationships’ (1973: 7). Clarke looked forward to a fourth (and ultimate?) phase of self-critical self-consciousncss, when the new archaeology would monitor and control its own development.

scholarly journals Regarding the Transcript of a Lecture Course by G. F. Debets at the Department of Anthropology of the Moscow State University in 1954

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 41-54
Author(s):  
M. M. Gerasimova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
State University ◽  
Training Course ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Anthropological Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Moscow State University

The subject of this study was a poorly readable 66 years old typewritten text. This is a transcript of twenty lectures by the outstanding Russian anthropologist Georgy Debets (1905–1969), a record of his training course “Anthropology of the Peoples of USSR”. In 1954, he taught it at the Department of Anthropology at Moscow State University. Initially G. F. Debets had intended to write a textbook based on this lectures, but he did not fulfill this idea. The characteristics of the training course are given in general terms. The main attention is paid to how G. F. Debets saw the history of anthropological study of the peoples of Russia. At the same time, certain changes were taken into account both in the theory and practice of anthropological studies that have taken place since the early 1950s. The 1st lecture was delivered on September 6th, 1954, the last lecture was dated to the end of December of the same year. The lecture transcripts are mainly 30–40 pages long, with the exception of lectures on the peoples of Kazakhstan and Central Asia, which fit in 50 pages. The first two lectures were devoted to the study of the history of the peoples of the USSR from ancient antiquity to the present, the 3–5th lectures dealt with the methodology of studying the modern and fossil population, meaning racial somatology and craniology. The 6th lecture outlined the principles of the classification of modern human races and described the various existing classifications. Five lectures (7–11th) were devoted to the review of the country's population paleoanthropology from the Paleolithic era until the Middle Ages, inclusive. The next nine lectures covered the anthropology of peoples living in separate geographical areas. G. F. Debets pointed that the course he taught was not about the history of Russian anthropology, so he would not touch on many works of the 19th century. The first lectures outline the stages of development of anthropological research of the peoples of the USSR and state the results of isolated stages, which are reflected unevenly. Both this periodization and the characteristics of the stages do not always coincide with the periodization that was presented in the university textbooks of anthropology that appeared later. For this reason, the transcript of lectures of 1954 is a valuable source both for the history of physical anthropology as a whole and for understanding the scientific views of one of the founders of modern anthropology.

Histories of Archaeology

2008 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Archaeological Theory ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
Archaeological Practice ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

In recent years there has been an upsurge of interest in the history of the discipline of archaeology. Local, national, and international histories of archaeology that deal with institutions, concepts, categories, and the social and political contexts of archaeological practice have begun to influence the development of archaeological theory. This volume contributes to these developments by reprinting 19 significant papers. Spanning much of the last 200 years and global in coverage and outlook, the papers provide a thorough grounding in the historiography of archaeology, and will enhance understanding of the origins and growth of its theory and practice. A general introduction which is itself a contribution to historiography orients readers by outlining core themes and issues in the field.

scholarly journals THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT: THE ROLE OF THE SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL OF THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT (PART 2)

2019 ◽  
pp. 91-97
Author(s):  
G. Ya. Soroko ◽  
I. Z. Kogotkova
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
The State ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
State University ◽  
Management Activity ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of

This article is a continuation of the publication of the results of the study of the evolution of project management as a special type of management activity. The main events from the history of formation and development of the theory and practice of project management as a result of scientific research of scientists of the State University of Management have been highlighed. The history of development and the current state of the theory of project management in the State University of Management are associated with the actual needs of management practice both during the twentieth century and now, because the improvement of the mechanism of project management is one of the strategies for the development of the country’s economy.

scholarly journals Book Reviews

1977 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Paul W. Brewer ◽  
Paul W. McBride ◽  
Martin V. Melosi ◽  
David L. Nass ◽  
F. P. King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
American Foreign Policy ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
State University ◽  
University Of Minnesota ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Oral Testimony ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University

James M. Merrill. The USA: A Short History of the American Republic. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1975. Pp. vii, 380. $5.95. Review by Paul W. Brewer of the University of New Mexico. Stanley Feldstein and Lawrence Costello, eds., The Ordeal of Assimilation: A Documentary History of the White Working Class 1830's to the 1970's. Garden City: Anchor/Doubleday, 1974. 500 pp., Index. $4.95; Moses Rischin, ed., Immigration and the American Tradition. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1976. 456 pp., Index. $7.50. Review of Paul W. McBride of Ithaca College. David M. Chalmers. Neither Socialism nor Monopoly: Theodore Roosevelt and the Decision to Regulate the Railroads. (The America's Alternatives Series.) Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company, 1976. Pp. x, 121. $3.25. Review by Martin V. Melosi of Texas A&M University. David E. Kyvig, ed. FDR's America. St. Charles, Missouri: Forum Press, 1976. 183 pp., bibliography. $5.95; H. Rogert Grant and L. Edward Purcell, eds. Years of Struggle: The Farm Diary of Elmer G. Powers, 1931-1936. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University, 1976. 139 pp. $6.95. Review by David L. Nass of Southwest Minnesota State University. Stephen E. Ambrose. Rise to Globalism: American Foreign Policy, 1938-1976. Revised Edition. New York: Penguin Books, 1976. Pp. 390. $3.95. Review by F. P. King of Metropolitan State College. Alton Hornsby, Jr. The Black Almanac: From Involuntary Servitude (1619-1860) to the Age of Disillusionment (1964-1974). Woodbury, NY: Barron, 1975. 241 pp. $2.95. Review by George D. King of the University of Minnesota. Richard O. Davies. The Age of Asphalt: The Automobile, the Freeway, and the Condition of Metropolitan America. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1975. Pp. xii, 139. $3.25. Review by Frank Burdick of the State University of New York, College at Cortland. Charles R. Poinsatte and Bernard Norling. Understanding History Through the American Experience. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press, 1976. Pp. X, 214. $3.95. Review by Robert A. Calvert of Texas A&M University. Ronald J. Grele, ed. Envelopes of Sound: Six Practitioners Discuss the Method, Theory and Practice of Oral History and Oral Testimony. Chicago: Precendent Publishing, Inc., 1975. 154 pp. + two 1-hour cassette tapes. Book, $7.50; cassettes $13.95. Review by Sally Allen of Hampshire College. Boris Nicolaievsky and Otto Maenchen-Helfen. Karl Marx: Man and Fighter. Middlesex, England: Penguin Books, 1976. Pp. xii, 492. $4.95. Review by Larry D. Wilcox of the University of Toledo.

HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF GEOLOGICAL SCIENCE IN UZBEKISTAN (20-80S OF THE XX-TH CENTURY)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Oydinkhon akhtiyorzoda ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Research ◽  
State University ◽  
University Staff ◽  
Geological Surveys ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Asian State ◽  
Scientific Personnel ◽  
History Of ◽  
Central Asian State ◽  
Geological Science

The Article being considered the history of the creation and development of geological science in Uzbekistan using the example of the activities of scientists from Central Asian State University and Tashkent State University.Special attention is paid to the study of the practical orientation of geological surveys, fieldwork and laboratory research. As well as, shown is the phased discoveries, based on the research of University staff and their training of scientific personnel, specialized research institutions in the field of geology

N. V. Kyuner (1877-1955): ‘Korea in the Second Half of the 18th Century.’ The Unpublished Typescript

2018 ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
Nataliya A. Chesnokova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Far East ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
State University ◽  
Korean Society ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Crown Prince ◽  
Eastern Institute

Nikolai Vasilievich Kyuner (1877-1955) was a Russian Orientalist. Having graduated with merit from the St. Petersburg State University, he was sent to the Far East and spent there two years. Having returned, he was appointed head of the department of historical and geographical sciences at the Eastern Institute (Vladivostok) in 1904. Kyuner was one of the first Orientalists to teach courses in history, geography, and ethnography. His works number over 400. The article studies a typescript of his unpublished study ‘Korea in the second half of the 18th century’ now stored in the Archive of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences (St. Petersburg). Little known to Russian Koreanists, it nevertheless retains its scientific significance as one of the earliest attempts to study the history of the ‘golden age’ of Korea. The date of the typescript is not known, though analysis of the citations places its completion between 1931 and 1940. The article is to introduce the typescript into scientific use and to verify some facts and terms. N. V. Kuyner’s typescript consists of 8 sections: (1) ‘Introduction. Sources review’; (2) ‘General characteristics of the social development stage of Korea in the second half of the 18th century’; (3) ‘Great impoverishment of the country’; (4) ‘Peasantry’; (5) ‘Cities’; (6) ‘Popular revolts’; (7) ‘Military bureaucratic regime’; (8) ‘The Great Collection of Laws’ (a legal code). There are excerpts from foreign and national publications of the 19th - early 20th century, and there’s also some valuable information on Korean legal codes and encyclopedias of the 18th century, which have not yet been translated into any European languages. The typescript addresses socio-economic situation in Korea in the 18th century; struggles of the court cliques of the 16th-18th centuries and their role in inner and foreign policies of the country; social structure of the society and problems of the peasantry; role of trade in the development of the Middle Korean society; legal proceedings and legislation, etc. One of the first among Russian Koreanistics, N. V. Kyuner examined causes of sasaek (Korean ‘parties’) formation and the following events, linking together unstable situation in the country, national isolation, and execution of Crown Prince Sado (1735-1762).

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