scholarly journals Iconography of Plato in antiquity and in medieval orthodox painting

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-52
Author(s):  
Daniil Yu. Dorofeev ◽  
Roman V. Svetlov ◽  
Mikhail I. Mikeshin ◽  
Marina A. Vasilyeva
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Visual Message ◽  
Greek Philosopher ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Visual History

The article is devoted to the topic of visualization, which is relevant for the modern world in general and scientific knowledge in particular, investigated through the image of Plato in Antiquity and in medieval Orthodox painting. Using the example of Plato’s iconography as a visual message, the authors want to show the great potential for the development of the visual history of philosophy, anthropology and culture in general, as well as the new visually oriented semiotics and semantics of the image. This approach reveals expressively and meaningfully its relevance for the study of Plato’s image, together with other ancient philosophers’ images, in Orthodox medieval churches in Greece, Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria and, of course, ancient Russia in the 15th-17th cc, allowing to see the great ancient Greek philosopher from a new perspective.

Vlastos, Gregory (1907–91)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel W. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Analytic Philosophy ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Ancient Greek Philosophy ◽  
History Of

A leading figure in the study of ancient Greek philosophy, Vlastos was a pioneer in the application to ancient philosophers of the techniques of analytic philosophy. Concentrating on figures of early Greek philosophy, he made major contributions to the understanding of the Presocratics, Socrates and Plato. He saw the Presocratics as applying ethical concepts to nature which ultimately rendered nature intelligible. He distinguished between the early dialogues of Plato, which represent the philosophy of Plato’s master Socrates – a philosophy the early Plato shared – and the middle dialogues in which Plato develops a transcendental metaphysics and rationalist epistemology to ground Socratic ethical concepts. Vlastos’s work played a major role in bringing the history of philosophy into the mainstream of philosophical research.

Plato's elitology (ancient aspects of the philosophy of the chosen)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Karabuschenko
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
History Of

The monograph is devoted to the history of the development of ancient elitist thought and reveals the essence of Plato's philosophy of selectivity, which stands at the origins of modern elitist science. He was one of the first ancient thinkers who gave a comprehensive analysis of the phenomenon of election, describing its ontological, cultural-historical and socio-political essence. The ideas formulated by him back then and the problematic issues raised have not lost their relevance to this day. The monograph reconstructs Plato's system of views on the problem of good as a chosen value, analyzes the influence of his elitist ideas on the subsequent development of this scientific knowledge about the phenomenon of elite and elitism. Designed for professionals and anyone interested in the history of philosophy and elitism.

scholarly journals Przyszłość nauk humanistycznych w perspektywie metafilozoficznej

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyprian Gawlik Cyprian Gawlik
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Context ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Knowledge Development ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Potential Remedy

The purpose of this paper is to ponder upon the future of the humanities from a metaphilosophical perspective inspired by G.W.F. Hegel’s philosophy of the history of philosophy. The need for this reflection follows from the crisis that the humanities are facing today due to global changes in higher education, caused by the domination of the capitalist economy and the dramatic development of technology. The author assumes that the essence of the humanities is determined by the formation of self-understanding (Bildung) and proposes to consider this issue from a broader historical point of view and apart from the institutional context of human sciences, namely in the light of the history of philosophy, understood according to the Hegelian approach as the development of selfknowledge. The paper extensively discusses Hegel’s philosophy of the history of philosophy, as well as subsequent metaphilosophical positions inspired by Hegel’s thought (especially that of August Cieszkowski and Martin Heidegger). As a result, the question about the future of the humanities is transformed into a postulate of reflection on the primacy of technoscientific thinking in the modern world. In line with the Hegelian view of knowledge development – attributing autoperformative function to self-cognition – this kind of reflection is a potential remedy for the crisis currently diagnosed in the humanities.

scholarly journals NON SIBI, SED OMNIBUS: MOKSLINGASIS PROFESORIAUS R. PLEČKAIČIO PAVELDAS

Problemos ◽  
2010 ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
Marius P. Šaulauskas ◽  
Mindaugas Kubilius
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academic Philosophy ◽  
Vilnius University ◽  
Research Standards

Straipsnyje aptariamas profesoriaus Romano Plečkaičio, iškiliausio Lietuvos filosofijos raidos tyrėjo, mokslinis palikimas. Lietuvoje ir pirmiausia Vilniaus universitete dėstytas bei plėtotas filosofines doktrinas ir pažiūras jis tyrė visuotiniame šimtmečiais besiplėtojančios filosofijos ir iš jos kylančios mokslo žinijos kontekste. Esminė prof. Plečkaičio metodologinė nuostata, teigianti Apšvietos mokslo idealų primatą, išliko nepakitusi per visą jo akademinės veiklos laikotarpį. Mokslo ir jo progresyvios raidos principų bei mokslingumo standartų esminė nepriklausomybė nuo ideologinių, religinių bei kitokių paramokslinių istorinių aplinkybių – šis motyvas buvo visų svarbiausių Plečkaičio veikalų – nuo visuotinės filosofijos istorijos tyrinėjimų iki tolerancijos teorijos – šerdis. Todėl ir Lietuvos filosofijos mokslo raidą nuo pat jos atsiradimo XVI a. pradžioje iki XXI a. pradžios jis nuosekliai suvokė kaip sudedamąją pasaulinės mokslo žinijos sklaidos dalį.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: Plečkaitis, Lietuvos filosofijos istorija, Vilniaus universitetas.Non sibi, sed omnibus: The Sciential Legacy of Professor R. PlečkaitisMarius P. Šaulauskas, Mindaugas Kubilius SummaryProfessor Romanas Plečkaitis (1933–2009) is the most prominent figure in the scholarship of the history of philosophy in Lithuania. In the universal context of centuries long history of philosophy and whereof unfolding scientific knowledge he scrutinized the large variety of philosophical doctrines and views, which were taught and developed in Lithuania and, first and foremost, at Vilnius university. The fundamental methodological posture of prof. R. Plečkaitis, which persisted unshakably throughout his whole academic carrier, affirmed the unsurpassable supremacy of Enlightenment scientific ideals. At the heart of all his most important works embracing studies in history of western philosophy as well as theory of tolerance lies his conviction that the progressive advance of scientific edifice and its research standards must not depend on any ideological, religious or other parascientific circumstances. Therefore he consistently treated the development of the academic philosophy in Lithuania since its very the beginning in the XVI century up to the dawn of XXI century as a part and parcel of the growing universal knowledge of science.Keywords: Plečkaitis, Lithuanian history of philosophy, Vilnius University.

scholarly journals KOMUNIKACIJOS FILOSOFIJOS GENEZĖ

Problemos ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 153-164
Author(s):  
Kęstas Kirtiklis
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Communication Media ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Philosophy Of Communication ◽  
Ancient Greek Philosophy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Media Philosophy

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama komunikacijos filosofijos kilmės problema ir šios problemos reikšmė šiuolaikinėms filosofinėms komunikacijos sampratoms. Tvirtinama, jog, priešingai nei teigia paplitusi pozicija, komunikacijos filosofija kyla ne iš antikinio domėjimosi komunikacijos ir medijų problematika, bet iš filosofų dėmesio pastarųjų dviejų šimtmečių visuomenės kaitai (industrializacijai, urbanizacijai, informatizacijai) ir naujųjų medijų plėtrai. Toks komunikacijos filosofijos genezės aiškinimas išryškina šiuolaikinės komunikacijos specifiką, skiriančią ją nuo komunikacijos ankstesnėse visuomenėse, – būtent tai, kad vyraujanti šiuolaikinė komunikacija yra masinė ir medijuota1.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: komunikacijos filosofija, medijų filosofija, filosofijos istorija.Genesis of Philosophy of CommunicationKęstas Kirtiklis SummaryThe article deals with the problem of the genesis of philosophy of communication and its impact on contemporary philosophical conceptions of communication. The article argues that, contrary to the widespread opinion, philosophy of communication originated not from the interest in problems of communication that could be traced back to the ancient Greek philosophy (namely Plato), but from the attention that is paid by philosophers to the recent changes in society (industrialization, urbanization, informatization) and the development of new media. Such an explanation of the genesis of philosophy of communication highlights some specific traits of contemporary communication, namely that the prevailing form of contemporary communication is mediated mass communication.Keywords: philosophy of communication, media philosophy, history of philosophy.

scholarly journals THE CONCEPT OF KNOWLEDGE IN ISLAM AND ITS ROLE IN MUSLIM CIVILIZATION

Adam alemi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-139
Author(s):  
K. Kurmanbayev ◽  
◽  
D. Sikhimbayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Islamic Religion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Science And Education ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Historical Periods

The article examines the original meaning, the transformation of the concept of education in Islam and its role in the development of science and education in the Muslim civilization. Any concept or term undergoes semantic changes depending on ideological, cultural, social and other conditions in different historical periods. This applies both to the concept of education in Islam and its place in civilization. The concept of knowledge in the tribal Arab culture with limited literacy acquires a new meaning with the advent of Islam, makes a huge contribution to the theoretical definition of the systemic concept of religious and secular education and the development of scientific knowledge. Based on fundamental works on the history of education and science, the role of the concept of education in the development of the Islamic religion and Muslim civilization is evaluated. The main historical factors of accumulation, systematization and development of knowledge in the Muslim civilization are also analyzed. In particular, the ancient Greek, Indian and Persian cultures were included in the Muslim civilization, which contributed to its intellectual enrichment. The prerequisites for the increasing development of education and science in the era of the "golden age" in Islam are analyzed, the place of ancient Greek science in the Muslim civilization, which is the core of modern scientific knowledge, is assessed.

scholarly journals Citizenship as Barrier and Opportunity for Ancient Greek and Modern Refugees

Humanities ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Gray
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
New City ◽  
City States ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Political Communities ◽  
The Right

Some dominant traditions in Refugee Studies have stressed the barrier which state citizenship presents to the displaced. Some have condemned citizenship altogether as a mechanism and ideology for excluding the weak (G. Agamben). Others have seen citizenship as an acute problem for displaced people in conditions, like those of the modern world, where the habitable world is comprehensively settled by states capable of defending their territory and organised in accordance with interstate norms, which leaves very limited space for the foundation of new communities with their own meaningful citizenship (H. Arendt). This paper engages with these prominent approaches, but also with more recent arguments that, when handled and adapted in the right way, the practices and ideology of citizenship also present opportunities for the displaced to form their own meaningful communities, exercise collective agency, and secure rights. It is argued that the evidence from ancient Greece shows that ancient Greek citizenship, an early forerunner of modern models of citizenship, could be imaginatively harnessed and adapted by displaced people and groups, in order to form effective and sometimes innovative political communities in exile, even after opportunities to found new city-states from scratch became quite rare (after c. 500 BC). Some relevant displaced groups experimented with more open and cosmopolitan styles of civic interaction and ideology in their improvised quasi-civic communities. The different kinds of ancient Greek informal ‘polis-in-exile’ can bring a new perspective on the wider debates and initiatives concerning refugee political agency and organisation in the ‘provocations’ in this special issue.

scholarly journals Thinking and Being: From Parmenides to Descartes and Beyond

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 356
Author(s):  
Eleni Papamichael
Keyword(s):  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Common Element ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
General Issue ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cartesian Cogito ◽  
Individual Consciousness ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Individual

<em>This paper concentrates on the effort to trace the limits of the “revolution” which the Cartesian “Cogito” brought about in the history of Philosophy, within the context of a broader research that begins with Parmenides’ Poem. The research in question concerns the general issue of the correlation between thinking and being to which the “Cogito” itself, as such, refers one. Despite the apparent agreement of Parmenides and Descartes on this issue, what this paper aims first of all, is to demonstrate the radical difference which in reality exists, regarding this issue, between these two philosophers, as well as, more generally, between Descartes and the ancient Greek spirit. From the abandonment of this spirit, essentially springs forth the concept of the individual consciousness, which, in the future, was to form the basis for the creation of certain new philosophical theories, whose sole common element would be the reference to this concept. After Descartes, and all the way towards Structuralism, there have, however, also been developed certain theories of another type, which have attempted to achieve the re-connection with the ancient conception of thinking and being. As examples of this effort, this paper denotes the theories of Kant, Hegel and Heidegger.</em>

Meaning, the History of Philosophy, and Analytical Philosophy: A Parmenidean Ascent

2018 ◽  
pp. 88-103
Author(s):  
Michael Della Rocca
Keyword(s):  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Analytical Philosophy ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Shed Light

This chapter seeks to shed light on the relation between philosophy and the study of the history of philosophy by resisting certain misconceptions of this relation both on the part of relatively anti-historical analytical philosophers and on the part of certain apparently pro-historical historians of philosophy. The vehicle of this resistance is a Bradleyan argument that isolates the source of these failures and advances a radical holism of meaning. Once this radical holism of meaning is in place, we will be in a position to make a Parmenidean Ascent with regard to meaning and to take up a wholly new perspective on the relation between philosophy and its history.

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