scholarly journals Perception of Burden and Stigma by Caretaker of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: a Comparative Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandaniya KiritKumar L
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Burden Of Care ◽  
Subjective Burden ◽  
Manic Disorder ◽  
Perceived Burden ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Objective Burden ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
Test Correlation

Background burden of care can be conceptualized into two distinct components (objective and subjective). Objective burden of care is meant to indicate its effects on the household such as taking care of daily tasks, whereas subjective burden indicates the extent to which the caregivers perceived the burden of care. Aim of the present study was to assess level of burden and stigma on caretaker of schizophrenia and bipolar patients. Method researcher took N=80 samples from the population of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Researcher used ‘t’ test, ‘f’ test, correlation test, degree of freedom test to analyzed the data. Results researcher found that caretaker perceived higher stigma and burden, there will be no significant difference in education level. Twenty two (50.0 %) caretaker of schizophrenia perceived moderate to severe burden comparatively 9 (25.0 %) BMD (bipolar manic disorder) perceived moderate to severe burden. Researcher concluded that caretaker of schizophrenia and bipolar both perceived burden and stigma.

Socio-Cultural Parameters in Yoruba Nigerian Patients with Affective Disorders

1989 ◽  
Vol 155 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger O. A. Makanjuola
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Manic Disorder ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
Manic Patients

One hundred and ten consecutive new patients presenting with major affective disorders were divided into five categories according to pattern of presentation: recurrent manic disorder, recurrent depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, single episodes of manic disorder, and single episodes of major depressive disorder. Manic patients predominated, and recurrent manic disorder was much more frequent than either recurrent depressive or bipolar disorder. The manic and bipolar patients were younger. Females predominanted in all five groups of patients. The two manic groups were less likely to be married, but this was probably a reflection of their younger age. No differences were demonstrated with regard to educational status or occupation. There were no significant differences with regard to sibship position, family size, or polygamous/monogamous parents. Manic patients were more likely to have suffered permanent separation from one or both parents before the age of 12 years. A relatively low proportion of the patients had a positive history of mental disorder among first- or second-degree relatives. Manic and bipolar patients tended to present in hospital relatively early in their illness.

Recurrent Unipolar Manic Disorder in the Yoruba Nigerian: Further Evidence

1985 ◽  
Vol 147 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger O. A. Makanjuola
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Social Data ◽  
Manic Disorder ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Bipolar Group ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Depot Neuroleptics ◽  
Bipolar Patients

One hundred and four Yoruba Nigerian patients are described who presented with manic disorder over a five-year period; 55 could be classified as suffering from recurrent unipolar manic disorder, while 36 had suffered only one attack of mania. Only 13 patients suffered from bipolar disorder, in contrast to studies from Western societies, in which bipolar disorder is much more common than unipolar. The unipolar manic and bipolar patients could not be differentiated on the basis of clinical and social data, apart from a possible preponderance of the female sex in the bipolar group. The clinical presentation of mania was similar to that described from Western Countries. Long-term prophylaxis with depot neuroleptics may be advisable in such cases.

Absence and size of massa intermedia in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meltem Ceyhan ◽  
Baki Adapınar ◽  
Gokay Aksaray ◽  
Figen Ozdemir ◽  
Ertugrul Colak
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Gender Difference ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Specific Alteration ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Objective:To evaluate the absence and size of massa intermedia (MI), a midline thalamic structure, and its gender-specific alteration in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.Methods:Thirty-five patients with schizophrenia (17 females and 18 males), 21 patients with bipolar disorder (15 females and 6 males) and 89 healthy controls (50 females and 39 males) were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging. Thin-slice magnetic resonance images of the brain were evaluated. MI was determined in coronal and sagittal images, and area of the MI was measured on the sagittal plane.Results:Females had a significantly lower incidence of absent MI compared with males in the healthy control group. The absence of MI in schizophrenia and bipolar patients was not higher than the incidence in healthy controls. The size of MI showed a gender difference. The mean MI area size was smaller in female schizophrenia patients than in female controls, while no significant difference was observed between male schizophrenia patients and their controls.Conclusions:The size of MI, a gender difference midline structure, is smaller in females with schizophrenia, and the results of this study support other studies of structural aberration of the thalamus and other midline structures in the brains of patients with schizophrenia.

Use of Benzodiazepines in Patients With Bipolar Disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Zubia Martin ◽  
Susana Alberich Mesa ◽  
Maria Purificación López Peña ◽  
Iñaki Zorrilla Martínez ◽  
Juan Pablo Chart Pascual ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Chronic Use ◽  
Baseline Sample

Abstract BackgroundBenzodiazepines (BZDs) are widely used in patients with bipolar disorder. The aim of this study was to determine chronic use of BZDs in patients with a first bipolar episode and the association between its use and cognition.MethodsA prospective longitudinal study was conducted in a cohort of 63 patients under 40 years old with a first manic or mixed episode. The percentage of patients taking BZDs in the baseline sample was evaluated at 6 months and for the next 3 years. Cognitive functioning was compared between patients with chronic BDZ use and those who did not use them. A linear regression model adjusted for potential confounding variables such as age and education level were used.ResultsJust over half the sample (55.6%; n = 35) took BZD at the start of the study. At 6 months, this percentage decreased to 34.9% (n = 22) and to 14.3% (n = 9) at 3 years of follow-up. Patients who took BZD chronically had worse outcomes in overall attention. These differences remained significant when controlled for the variables age and education level (B -0.462, p = 0.046, 95% CI: - 0.914 - 0.009).ConclusionsChronic administration of BZD occurs in a small percentage of bipolar patients at disease onset, and is associated with decreased attention. These side effects should be followed up.

Brain functional changes in first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder: evidence for default mode network dysfunction

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 2513-2521 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Alonso-Lana ◽  
M. Valentí ◽  
A. Romaguera ◽  
C. Sarri ◽  
S. Sarró ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bipolar Patients

BackgroundRelatively few studies have investigated whether relatives of patients with bipolar disorder show brain functional changes, and these have focused on activation changes. Failure of de-activation during cognitive task performance is also seen in the disorder and may have trait-like characteristics since it has been found in euthymia.MethodA total of 20 euthymic patients with bipolar disorder, 20 of their unaffected siblings and 40 healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during performance of the n-back working memory task. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was fitted to individual whole-brain maps from each set of patient–relative–matched pair of controls. Clusters of significant difference among the groups were used as regions of interest to compare mean activations/de-activations between them.ResultsA single cluster of significant difference among the three groups was found in the whole-brain ANOVA. This was located in the medial prefrontal cortex, a region of task-related de-activation in the healthy controls. Both the patients and their siblings showed significantly reduced de-activation compared with the healthy controls in this region, but the failure was less marked in the relatives.ConclusionsFailure to de-activate the medial prefrontal cortex in both euthymic bipolar patients and their unaffected siblings adds to evidence for default mode network dysfunction in the disorder, and suggests that it may act as a trait marker.

Comparison of insight in bipolar disorder with and without co-morbid substance use disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S466-S466
Author(s):  
S. Ben Mustapha ◽  
W. Homri ◽  
L. Jouini ◽  
R. Labbane
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Type I ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Bipolar Patients

AimsCompare the level of insight in bipolar disorder (BD) with and without substance use disorders (SUD).MethodsCase-control study during a period of six months from July 2015 to December 2015. One hundred euthymic patients with BD (type I, II or unspecified) were recruited in the department of psychiatry C Razi Hospital, during their follow-up. Two groups were individualized by the presence or not of SUD co-morbidity. We evaluated and compared insight with Birchwood IS scale (with its three sub-scales),ResultsThe mean age was 40.6 years (±16.4). The sex ratio was 2. Sixty-six percent of patients were diagnosed with bipolar disorder type 1 and type 2 bipolar disorder remains.There is no statistically significant difference between bipolar with and without SUD in terms of quality of insight.As for the subscales, bipolar patients with comorbid SUD had lower scores of awareness of any symptoms, whereas there was no significant difference regarding the awareness of illness and the need for treatment between the two populations.ConclusionsCo-morbid SUD can affect the quality of insight in individuals with BD. Patients with this co-morbidity should be targeted for intensive psycho-educational measures and psychotherapeutic interventions focused on the improvement of insight.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Comparison of Different Kinds of Memory in Bipolar Disorder With or Without ObsessiveCompulsive Disorder Comorbidity

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Alemeh Dehnabi ◽  
Elaheh Radfar ◽  
Hamid Radsepehr
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
Obsessivecompulsive Disorder

Background: One challenging area in psychological pathology pertains to the comorbidity of the psychological disorders. Bipolar disorder can be pointed out among the most critical psychological diseases featuring common psychiatric comorbidity. The purpose of this study is to compare different kinds of memory in Bipolar Disorder with or without obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) comorbidity. Methods: Sixty samples selected in 3 groups: 20 bipolar patients, 20 bipolar disorder with OCD comorbidity, and 20 healthy volunteers. Samples were selected using the available sampling method. Data collection tool included 3 questionnaires: Demographic Information Questionnaire, Comprehensive International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), Wechsler’s Memory Scale. Data analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance and descriptive statistics. Results: The results of multivariate analysis of variance analysis showed that at the level of 0.001, there was a significant difference at least regarding one of the memory variables, between the subjects of the 3 groups of bipolar/OCD, bipolar disorder and healthy. According to the mean of the groups, the weakest function is related to patients with bipolar/OCD. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that memory damage is more common in the bipolar/ OCD group, which should consider the treatment processes of these patients.

Mixed-effects models: Family burden and functionality in patients with bipolar disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S331-S331 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Bermúdez-Ampudia ◽  
A. García-Alocén ◽  
M. Martínez-Cengotitabengoa ◽  
S. Alberich ◽  
I. González-Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Subjective Burden ◽  
The Family ◽  
Modifiable Factor ◽  
Objective Burden ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
One Year ◽  
Experimental Group

IntroductionThe bipolar disorder (BD) has an important effect over the lives of patients and families. The attitude of the family is a modifiable factor through specific interventions and it has been related with BD prognosis.ObjectivesStudy a sample of families and patients with BD.AimsCompare between two groups its course of burden of caring for family members with BD. Also, we will see the course of the functionality in patients.MethodsSample of 148 individuals who caring a familiar with BD. Seventy-six of these followed psychoeducation session are going to be experimental group (EG), and the others 72 did not followed any session are going to be control group (CG). There is a follow-up at 6 months and one year. To see the course of the burden and the functionality it will be used mixed models.ResultsAt baseline, there were not significant differences between CG and EG in objective and subjective burden and functionality. But over time there were significant results in the three cases. For objective burden (b = −0.016; P = 0.0001) EG presented a drop (b = −0.014; P = 0.0062), while CG did not show changes (b = 0.002; P = 0.4691). For subjective burden (b = −0.014; P = 0.0058) without significant results for CG (b = −0.352; P = 0.3203) and a significant decrease in EG (b = −0.017; P = 0.003). For the functionality (b = 1.474; P = 0.000) there was a significant increase in EG (b = 1.349; P = 0.000) but not for CG (b = −0.125; P = 0.3828).ConclusionsTwo groups did not differ at baseline however after the psychoeducation sessions appear clear differences, decreasing the burden for EG group and the functionality also improved for EG.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Creatine kinase levels in patients with bipolar disorder: depressive, manic, and euthymic phases

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Feier ◽  
Samira S. Valvassori ◽  
Gislaine T. Rezin ◽  
Márcio Búrigo ◽  
Emilio L. Streck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Serum Creatine Kinase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Young Mania ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bipolar Patients

OBJECTIVE: Bipolar disorder is a severe, recurrent, and often chronic psychiatric illness associated with significant functional impairment, morbidity, and mortality. Creatine kinase is an important enzyme, particularly for cells with high and fluctuating energy requirements, such as neurons, and is a potential marker of brain injury. The aim of the present study was to compare serum creatine kinase levels between bipolar disorder patients, in the various phases (depressive, manic, and euthymic), and healthy volunteers. METHOD: Forty-eight bipolar patients were recruited: 18 in the euthymic phase; 17 in the manic phase; and 13 in the depressive phase. The control group comprised 41 healthy volunteers. The phases of bipolar disorder were defined as follows: euthymic-not meeting the DSM-IV criteria for a mood episode and scoring < 8 on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS); manic-scoring < 7 on the HDRS and > 7 on the YMRS; depressive-scoring > 7 on the HDRS and < 7 on the YMRS. Patients in mixed phases were excluded. Blood samples were collected from all participants. RESULTS: Creatine kinase levels were higher in the manic patients than in the controls. However, we observed no significant difference between euthymic and depressive patients in terms of the creatine kinase level. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the clinical differences among the depressive, manic, and euthymic phases of bipolar disorder are paralleled by contrasting levels of creatine kinase. However, further studies are needed in order to understand the state-dependent differences observed in serum creatine kinase activity.

scholarly journals Influence of the first episode duration on further course of bipolar disorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 466-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Knezevic ◽  
Aleksandra Nedic
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Modest Contribution ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Episode Duration ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
Treatment Prognosis

Introduction. Bipolar disorder has been continuously studied due to its high prevalence and incidence. The aim of this study was to explore the influence of duration of the first episode of bipolar disorder on the further course of this disorder. Material and Methods. The research was conducted as a retrospective-prospective, naturalistic study, which included 65 bipolar patients admitted to the hospital. We used Student?s t-test in addition to descriptive parameters, mean, median and standard deviation. We followed the 5-year course of the disorder after the first episode. Results. Having examined the medical records of the first episode and five-year follow-up of the course of the disease we found a statistically significant difference (2 vs 1.54; df=120; p<0.05) in the number of episodes following the first episode between the patients whose first episode was longer than 2 months and the patients whose first episode was shorter than 2 months. In addition, we found a statistically significant difference (55.42 vs 42.3; df=120; p<0.05) in duration of episodes that followed the first episode between the patients whose first episode was longer than 2 months and the patients whose first episode was shorter than 2 months. Discussion. Since these results are in accordance with the literature, we ought to point out the possibility of developing chronic syndromes in patients with longer first episodes. Conclusion. This study is a modest contribution to the trend of studying bipolar disorder. Better knowledge of the course would enable better treatment, prognosis and outcome of this disorder.

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