scholarly journals The Review of the International Voices on the Responses of the Worldwide School Closures Policy Searching during Covid-19 Pandemic

JURNAL IQRA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Sarjdana Orba Manullang ◽  
Erwinsyah Satria
Keyword(s):  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
School Closure ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Chain Transmission ◽  
The Government ◽  
Closure Policy ◽  
Qualitative Phenomenological ◽  
Online Sources

This article was to determine the voice of the international community in responding to the challenges of school closure policies during the 2019 Covid-19 pandemic. Effort to break the chain transmission of Covid-19 was believed to be closely related to the closure of all business activities including schools around the world. In order to understand the impacts and challenges of school closure, a series of critical searches were undertaken on various online sources, for instance news updates publications, practitioners, and school reactions to unplanned global policies to obligate students learning from home. The collecting data was analyzed using a qualitative phenomenological approach and in-depth interpretation to at the collective voice fulfills the reliability and validity of the research problem. The findings indicated that 16 international voices from different perspectives show relatively deep concern about school closures. Voices from these discussions were matched with existing questions and knowledge about difficulties resulting from school closures. The findings of this study can be categorized into three votes; First are voices in support of the national school closure policy. Second, questioning national policies without prior data. Third, there is concern that families face serious challenges in supporting children learning from home with low facilities and the ability to handle student needs. Therefore, these voices would provide essential insights for further decision-making regarding community school participation in supporting of government in fighting the coronavirus epidemic. Hence, a similar study was needed as additional research evidence that helps the government anticipate the spread of this deadly virus, especially in countries and regions experiencing different impacts. Keywords: School Closure Policy in Covid-19, Learning from Home Policy, Covid-19

scholarly journals The shortcomings of emergency remote teaching in rural settings of Zimbabwe during COVID-19 school closures: Lessons from China’s experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Nhongo ◽  
Baba P. Tshotsho
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Online Teaching ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Teaching Approaches ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
Ict Infrastructure ◽  
The Government ◽  
Qualitative Phenomenological

Background: In the wake of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, schools were forced to close indefinitely with no clue as to when they would reopen. Upon school closures, remote teaching was adopted, with online teaching becoming the most preferred mode of instruction, yet the Information Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure was not adequate enough across the country.Aim: This article scrutinises the remote teaching approaches that were put in place in Zimbabwe in response to the closure of schools during the COVID-19 lockdown. The article investigates how the adopted approaches were suitable for conditions in rural settings.Setting: The study looks at the challenges faced in the implementation of remote teaching during COVID-19 school closures in rural areas of Matabeleland provinces in Zimbabwe.Methods: The study adopted a qualitative phenomenological approach to analyse the teaching approaches that were put in place by the government and other stakeholders. Twenty teachers from 20 rural schools drawn equitably from two provinces, Matabeleland South and Matabeleland North, were interviewed on the shortcomings of these remote teaching approaches.Results: The results revealed that the remote teaching approaches that were put in place excluded learners in rural settings. This is because of the challenges in infrastructure, economic condition and restrictions on remote teaching approaches imposed by the government.Conclusion: As Zimbabwe is facing economic hardships and infrastructure development challenges, it was supposed to adopt emergency remote teaching instead of long-term approaches. A variety of approaches that suit specific physical environments should have been adopted instead of sticking to only one throughout the country.

scholarly journals Revisiting the Relevance of School Closure Policy as Efforts to Prevent COVID-19 Infection Among Students in Indonesia

JURNAL IQRA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-150
Author(s):  
Arnadi Arnadi
Keyword(s):  
School Environment ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Returning Students ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
School Closure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Government ◽  
Closure Policy

This article revisited the relevance of returning students home's national policy while avoiding the dangers of coronavirus 2019 in the school environment. There has been no medical certainty stating that the danger of the Coronavirus spread among schools is that the government must issue policies that are without good reason as the safest solution. On the other hand, the policy of returning students to study at home also raises some doubts. This study intended to examine various literatures on the suitability of government policies regarding school closures that have been running for almost one year. The data were then analyzed using a descriptive phenomenological approach to obtain medical reasons related to the risk of spreading the virus among school adolescents. Finally, the researchers found that the government policy to repatriate students is still motivated by excessive concern about the transmission of the epidemic among students in the school environment. Until now, the government has not had a strong reason to close schools to avoid the virus. On the other hand, this policy may impact on student learning and other socio-economic disadvantages. Thus, the government would consider these findings in evaluating policies related to overcoming the dangers of the pandemic in the school environment, which consider the disadvantages of education. Keywords:  Learning from Home, School Closure Policy, Learning in Covid-19 Condition

scholarly journals ANALISIS PERILAKU MASYARAKAT SELAMA PANDEMIC COVID-19 DAN NEW NORMAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-78
Author(s):  
Kelvin Rivalna Akbar ◽  
Esaputri Bunga Wilastiara ◽  
Rezkika Noviyanti ◽  
Rahma Ardiani ◽  
Muhammad Bagus Sudinadji
Keyword(s):  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
Qualitative Phenomenological

Sejak awal maret 2020 presiden jokowi mengumumkan 2 warganya positif Covid-19.  Sejak itu Indonesia menetapkan social distancing, aturan protokol kesehatan, dan membagi wilayah berdasarkan zona untuk pemetaan pengendalian virus covid-19. Rumusan masalah penelitian ini yaitu bagaimana perilaku masyarakat Indonesia selama pandemic covid-19 dan selama pemerintah memberlakukan new normal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengeksplorasi perilaku masyarakat selama pandemic covid-19 dan selama pemerintah memberlakukan new normal. Sehingga dalam penelitian ini menemukan gambaran perilaku perbedaan sebelum dan setelah pemerintah memberlakukan new normal. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif fenomenologi. Menggunakan pendekatan open ended quesionare. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan pertanyaan mengenai pengertian covid dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa new normal adalah suatu aktivitas yang dilakukan karena adanya suatu perubahan perilaku di tengah pandemic dengan selalu melakukan penyesuain diri dan beradaptasi dengan lingkungan. Dari setiap zona masyarakat melakukan kegiatan di dalam rumah. Saat keluar masyarakat mematuhi protokol kesehatan dengan memakai masker. Since the beginning of March 2020, President Jokowi announced that 2 of his citizens were positive for Covid-19. Since then, Indonesia has established social distancing, health protocol rules, and divides areas by zone for mapping the control of the Covid-19 virus. The formulation of the research problem is how the behavior of the Indonesian people during the Covid-19 pandemic and during the government enforces the new normal. The purpose of this study is to explore people's behavior during the Covid-19 pandemic and during the government enforcing the new normal. So that in this study found a picture of the difference behavior before and after the government enforces the new normal. This study uses a qualitative phenomenological approach. Using an open-ended questionnaire approach. The results of this study indicate a question about the meaning of covid, it can be concluded that new normal is an activity that is carried out because of a change in behavior in the middle of a pandemic by always adjusting and adapting to the environment. From each zone the community carries out activities in the house. When leaving, the community adheres to health protocols by wearing masks.

scholarly journals Reactive school closure weakens the network of social interactions and reduces the spread of influenza

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (27) ◽  
pp. 13174-13181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Litvinova ◽  
Quan-Hui Liu ◽  
Evgeny S. Kulikov ◽  
Marco Ajelli
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Influenza Season ◽  
School Closure ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Student Absenteeism ◽  
Contact Survey ◽  
Closure Policy ◽  
The Impact

School-closure policies are considered one of the most promising nonpharmaceutical interventions for mitigating seasonal and pandemic influenza. However, their effectiveness is still debated, primarily due to the lack of empirical evidence about the behavior of the population during the implementation of the policy. Over the course of the 2015 to 2016 influenza season in Russia, we performed a diary-based contact survey to estimate the patterns of social interactions before and during the implementation of reactive school-closure strategies. We develop an innovative hybrid survey-modeling framework to estimate the time-varying network of human social interactions. By integrating this network with an infection transmission model, we reduce the uncertainty surrounding the impact of school-closure policies in mitigating the spread of influenza. When the school-closure policy is in place, we measure a significant reduction in the number of contacts made by students (14.2 vs. 6.5 contacts per day) and workers (11.2 vs. 8.7 contacts per day). This reduction is not offset by the measured increase in the number of contacts between students and nonhousehold relatives. Model simulations suggest that gradual reactive school-closure policies based on monitoring student absenteeism rates are capable of mitigating influenza spread. We estimate that without the implemented reactive strategies the attack rate of the 2015 to 2016 influenza season would have been 33% larger. Our study sheds light on the social mixing patterns of the population during the implementation of reactive school closures and provides key instruments for future cost-effectiveness analyses of school-closure policies.

The Effects of School Closure Threats on Student Performance: Evidence from a Natural Experiment

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Ming Chiu ◽  
Sung Wook Joh ◽  
Lawrence Khoo
Keyword(s):  
Student Performance ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
School Quality ◽  
School Closure ◽  
Excess Capacity ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Mainland Chinese ◽  
1997 Handover ◽  
The Government

Abstract We exploit a natural experiment to test whether school closure threats can increase staff effort and improve performance. The Hong Kong government overestimated post-1997-Handover mainland Chinese immigration and local births, creating excess capacity in many school districts. In 2003, with student enrollment falling to new lows (increasing cost per student), the government announced that it would close schools that were unable to recruit enough students. Since schools compete for students within their own district, the accidental excess capacity created closure threats that varied by district. Difference-in-differences analyses show that after initiation of this policy, student scores in heavily overbuilt districts were lower than scores in other districts and lowest in districts with the fewest students per class. Although closure threats were counterproductive for improving performance, the school closures eventually improved overall school quality, as typically, the lowest performing schools in each district closed.

scholarly journals ‘Not finding causal effect’ is not ‘finding no causal effect’ of school closure on COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Endo
Keyword(s):  
Early Phase ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Nature Medicine ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
School Closure ◽  
Effective Sample Size ◽  
Strong Statement ◽  
The Government ◽  
Closure Policy ◽  
And Control

Abstract In a paper recently published in Nature Medicine, Fukumoto et al. tried to assess the government-led school closure policy during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. They compared the reported incidence rates between municipalities that had and had not implemented school closure in selected periods from March–May 2020, where they rigorously matched for potential confounders, and claimed that they found no causal effect on the incidence rates of COVID-19. However, the effective sample size (ESS) of their dataset had been substantially reduced in the process of matching due to imbalanced covariates between the treatment (i.e. with closure) and control (without) municipalities, which led to the wide uncertainty in the estimates. That said, the study title "No causal effect…" is a rather strong statement because the results are also consistent with a strong mitigating effect of school closure on incidence of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Promoting Factfulness in the Covid-19 pandemic-related policymaking: a map to understanding school closures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaella Nenna ◽  
Hana Zeric ◽  
Laura Petrarca ◽  
Enrica Mancino ◽  
Fabio Midulla
Keyword(s):  
School Closure ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
School Closures ◽  
High Background ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
One Year ◽  
Closure Policy ◽  
The Cost

Introduction: In the era of data-driven decision-making, an unacceptable haziness and inconsistency surrounds the yearlong scientific and public debate on the school closure policy in the COVID-19 pandemic mitigation efforts. Aim: The present literature review stems out of the need for a clear scaffold collecting in one place all current evidence, as well as helping organizing incoming future evidence, concerning both the role of schools in driving the Sars-CoV-2 community spread and the cost-effectiveness of school closure in containing such spread. Methods: References for this review were initially identified through searches of PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library for articles published from March, 2020, to March, 2021 by use of the terms “Schools” “COVID-19” “pandemic” “clusters” “outbreak” “seroprevalence”. Further search was undertaken through Google Scholar and ResearchGate, and finally through Google. Results: School closure at times of high background prevalence of COVID-19 should not be considered a measure implemented to protect the health of children. Children had lower secondary attack rates than adults and that they infrequently represented the index case. One year of pandemic has been sufficient for the emergence of one indication of concern: a potentially increased burden of paediatric mental health disorders. Conclusions: A fact-based understanding of what is currently known on such a consequential policy is required to provide a basis of evidence for an advocacy of either school closure or school opening at times of high intensity community transmission of Sars-CoV-2.

scholarly journals The identification of the superior human resources in managing profitable entrepreneurs’ activities during Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-176
Author(s):  
Sumar’in Sumar’in ◽  
Sardjana Orba Manullang ◽  
Abdul Samad Arief ◽  
Syahril Syahril ◽  
Rita Kartika Sari
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Community Relations ◽  
Online Information ◽  
More Care ◽  
Program Plan ◽  
Research Implication ◽  
Qualitative Phenomenological

Purpose: This project aimed to acknowledge the entrepreneurship program in managing human resources in the pandemic era in Indonesia. The essay to understand the entrepreneurship activities in managing human resources in the pandemic era is assumed to have a close connection with acknowledging the entrepreneurship programs in the outbreak of coronavirus 2019 in Indonesia. Methodology: A serial of online information searching and literature review sessions was conducted. After data was gathered, the analysis processing using a qualitative phenomenological approach and profound interpretations were done to see if the research question's reliability and validity were met. Findings: The existing literature on understanding the entrepreneurship program in managing human resources in the pandemic and crisis era of the Covid-19 showed that there are five entrepreneurship activities that were shown relatively significant business program in managing human resources since outbreaks 2020. Finally, we successfully outlined the five related programs as follows: 1) Creating a business crisis plan, 2) More care and services, 3) be among the community, 4) Community relations, 5) Creative thinking endure, 6) Be adjustable. Originality: Direct insights into the entrepreneurship practices, policymaking, and academic business development are beneficial in creating the next entrepreneurship program plan, especially the strategy to manage human resources with an entrepreneurial role in the pandemic crisis. Research implication: Further project is needed to anticipate the next economic crisis and social-political changes that impacted economic development in Indonesia.

scholarly journals WOMEN'S DECISIONS TO BE AN ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE INFORMAL SECTOR IN MAKASSAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Kasnaeny Karim ◽  
Hadira Thumaninah Jibril
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Time Factors ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
High School Education ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Qualitative Phenomenological

This study aims to determine the factors underlying women with high school education levels up to Bachelor, for entrepreneurship in the informal sector. Answer the research problem; the data were collected through 22 informants and then analyzed using a qualitative phenomenological approach. The results showed that six factors were underlying the decision of women to become entrepreneurs in the informal sector, which consisted of leisure time factors, Socio-cultural factors, Marriage factors, Ease factors, Capital Factors, and Economic Factors.

The Impact of School Closures on Equity of Access in Chicago

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Lee ◽  
Christopher Lubienski
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
School Closure ◽  
After School ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
School Closures ◽  
School Closing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Closure Policy ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of school closures on the sociospatial distribution of equitable access to schooling following the school closure policy pursued by the Chicago Public Schools in 2013. By examining access in terms of proximity between students and schools, the study estimates the changes in accessibility before and after school closings. The change in accessibility is compared with density maps constructed around a number of variables, including population aged 5 through 14 by race and ethnicity, proportion of families with children younger than 18 years old below the poverty level, and crime incidence during the previous 12 months. The overall results suggest that school closing may cause sociogeographic inequality in access to education.

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