scholarly journals The Steep Ramp Test in Dutch White Children and Adolescents: Age- and Sex-Related Normative Values

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (11) ◽  
pp. 1530-1539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart C. Bongers ◽  
Sanne I. de Vries ◽  
Joyce Obeid ◽  
Stef van Buuren ◽  
Paul J.M. Helders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Work Rate ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
White Children ◽  
Ramp Test ◽  
Age Related

Background The Steep Ramp Test (SRT), a feasible, reliable, and valid exercise test on a cycle ergometer, may be more appealing for use in children in daily clinical practice than the traditional cardiopulmonary exercise test because of its short duration, its resemblance to children's daily activity patterns, and the fact that it does not require respiratory gas analysis. Objective The aim of the present study was to provide sex- and age-related normative values for SRT performance in Dutch white children and adolescents who were healthy and 8 to 19 years old. Design This was a cross-sectional, observational study. Methods A total of 252 Dutch white children and adolescents, 118 boys (mean age=13.4 years, SD=3.0) and 134 girls (mean age=13.4 years, SD=2.9), performed the SRT (work rate increment of 10, 15, or 20 W·10 s−1, depending on body height) to voluntary exhaustion to assess peak work rate (WRpeak). Normative values are presented as reference centiles developed by use of generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape. Results Peak work rate correlated highly with age (r=.915 and r=.811), body mass (r=.870 and r=.850), body height (r=.922 and r=.896), body surface area (r=.906 and r=.885), and fat free mass (r=.930 and r=.902) in boys and girls, respectively. The reference curves demonstrated an almost linear increase in WRpeak with age in boys, even when WRpeak was normalized for body mass. In contrast, absolute WRpeak in girls increased constantly until the age of approximately 13 years, when it started to level off. Peak work rate normalized for body mass in girls showed only a slight increase with age until 14 years of age, when a slight decrease in relative WRpeak was observed. Limitations The sample may not have been entirely representative of the Dutch population. Conclusions The present study provides sex- and age-related normative values for SRT performance in terms of both absolute WRpeak and relative WRpeak, thereby facilitating the interpretation of SRT results by clinicians and researchers.

scholarly journals Extended steep ramp test normative values for 19–24-year-old healthy active young adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
M. S. Werkman ◽  
B. C. Bongers ◽  
T. Blatter ◽  
T. Takken ◽  
H. Wittink
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Peak Exercise ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Ramp Test ◽  
Normal Ranges

Abstract Purpose To extend currently available sex and age-specific normative values in children and adolescents for the peak work rate (WRpeak) attained at the steep ramp test (SRT) to healthy active young adults. Methods Healthy male and female participants aged between 19 and 24 years were recruited. After screening and anthropometric measurements, participants performed a SRT on a cycle ergometer (increments of 25 W/10 s), monitoring and recording SRT-WRpeak, heart rate (HR), and blood pressure (BP) at rest and directly after peak exercise. Results Fifty-seven participants (31 males and 26 females; median age of 21.3 years) volunteered and were tested. Anthropometrics, resting BP and lung function were all within normal ranges. Ninety-three percent of the participants attained a peak HR (HRpeak) > 80% of predicted (mean HRpeak 87 ± 5% of predicted). No differences were found in resting and peak exercise variables between females and males, except for absolute SRT-WRpeak (350 W [Q1: 306; Q3: 371] and 487 W [Q1: 450; Q3: 517], respectively) and SRT-WRpeak normalized for body mass (relative SRT-WRpeak; 5.4 ± 0.5 and 6.2 ± 0.6 W/kg, respectively). Low-to-moderate correlations (ρ [0.02–0.71]) were observed between SRT-WRpeak and anthropometric variables for females and males separately. Extended reference curves (8–24-year-old subjects) for SRT performance show different trends between male and female subjects when modelled against age, body height, and body mass. Conclusions The present study provides sex-, age-, body height-, and body mass-related normative values (presented as reference centiles) for absolute and relative SRT performance throughout childhood and early adulthood.

scholarly journals Increased body mass index percentile is associated with decreased epiphyseal tubercle size in asymptomatic children and adolescents with healthy hips

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
Shayan Hosseinzadeh ◽  
Ata M. Kiapour ◽  
Daniel A. Maranho ◽  
Seyed Alireza Emami ◽  
Patricia Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Asymptomatic Children ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
3D Software

Purpose To investigate whether body mass index (BMI) percentile impacts the morphology of the capital femoral epiphysis in children and adolescents without hip disorders. Methods We assessed 68 subjects with healthy hips who underwent a pelvic CT for evaluation of appendicitis. There were 32 male patients (47%) and the mean age was 11.6 years (sd 2.3). The BMI (k/m2) was calculated for sex- and age-related percentiles according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts. CT images were segmented, and the epiphysis and metaphysis were reformatted using 3D software. We measured the epiphyseal tubercle (height, width and length), the metaphyseal fossa (depth, width and length) and the peripheral cupping of the epiphysis. All measurements were normalized to the diameter of the epiphysis. Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to assess the correlations between the variables measured and BMI percentile adjusted for age. Results Following adjustment to age, increased BMI correlated to decreased tubercle height (r =-0.34; 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.53 to -0.11; p = 0.005), decreased tubercle length (r = -0.32; 95%CI -0.52 to -0.09; p = 0.008) and decreased tubercle width (r = -0.3; 95% CI -0.5 to -0.07; p = 0.01). There was no correlation between BMI and metaphyseal fossa and epiphyseal cupping measurements. Conclusion The association between increased BMI percentile and decreased epiphyseal tubercle size, without changes of the metaphyseal fossa and peripheral cupping suggests another morphological change of the femur that may be associated with decreased growth plate resistance to shear stress. Further study is necessary to investigate whether the epiphyseal tubercle size plays a role in the pathogenesis of slipped capital femoral epiphysis in obese children and adolescents. Level of Evidence Level IV

scholarly journals The association of variants in the FTO gene with longitudinal body mass index profiles in non-Hispanic white children and adolescents

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
D M Hallman ◽  
V C Friedel ◽  
M A H Eissa ◽  
E Boerwinkle ◽  
J C Huber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fto Gene ◽  
White Children ◽  
Hispanic White

scholarly journals Percentiles and Principal Component Analysis of Physical Fitness From a Big Sample of Children and Adolescents Aged 6-18 Years: The DAFIS Project

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliseo Iglesias-Soler ◽  
María Rúa-Alonso ◽  
Jessica Rial-Vázquez ◽  
Jose Ramón Lete-Lasa ◽  
Iván Clavel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Number Of Components ◽  
Percentile Curves ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

Assessing physical fitness has emerged as a proxy of the health status of children and adolescents and therefore as relevant from a public health point of view. DAFIS is a project included in Plan Galicia Saudable (Healthy Galicia Plan) of the regional government of Galicia (Spain). DAFIS consists of an on-line software devoted to record the results of a standard physical fitness protocol carried out as a part of the physical education curriculum. The aims of this study were: to obtain normative values of physical fitness of the Galician school population evaluated in the DAFIS project, and to identify a reduced number of components and tests able to capture a significant amount of the variability in the physical fitness of children and adolescents. From an initial sample of 27784 records, 15287 cases (7543 males, 7744 females) were considered after filtering. Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape were used for obtaining percentile curves and tables for each sex. Furthermore, a principal components analysis was performed, selecting the number of components by applying the Kaiser’s rule and selecting a subset of variables considering the correlation between each variable and the components. Percentile curves and normative values are reported for each test and sex. Physical fitness was better in boys than in girls throughout age groups, except for flexibility that was consistently higher in girls. Two main components were detected throughout age groups: the first one representing body composition and partially cardiorespiratory fitness and the second one muscular fitness. For boys and girls, waist to height ratio had the highest correlations with the first component in four out of six age groups. The highest correlation with the second component, was most frequently observed for the handgrip test both in boys and girls (four out of six age groups). This study provides evidence about the utility of school community actions like DAFIS aimed to track the health-related fitness of children and adolescents. The results suggest that fat mass distribution (i.e., waist to height ratio and waist circumference) and muscular performance (mainly handgrip) concentrate a high proportion physical fitness variance.

scholarly journals Fitkids Treadmill Test: Age- and Sex-Related Normative Values in Dutch Children and Adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
pp. 1764-1772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elles M.W. Kotte ◽  
Janke F. de Groot ◽  
Bart C. Bongers ◽  
Alexander M.F. Winkler ◽  
Tim Takken
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Reference Curve ◽  
Least Mean Square ◽  
Treadmill Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Background Recent research has shown that the Fitkids Treadmill Test (FTT) is a valid and reproducible exercise test for the assessment of aerobic exercise capacity in children and adolescents who are healthy. Objective The study objective was to provide sex- and age-related normative values for FTT performance in children and adolescents who were healthy, developing typically, and 6 to 18 years of age. Design This was a cross-sectional, observational study. Methods Three hundred fifty-six children and adolescents who were healthy (174 boys and 182 girls; mean age=12.9 years, SD=3.7) performed the FTT to their maximal effort to assess time to exhaustion (TTE). The least-mean-square method was used to generate sex- and age-related centile charts (P3, P10, P25, P50, P75, P90, and P97) for TTE on the FTT. Results In boys, the reference curve (P50) showed an almost linear increase in TTE with age, from 8.8 minutes at 6 years of age to 16.1 minutes at 18 years of age. In girls, the P50 values for TTE increased from 8.8 minutes at 6 years of age to 12.5 minutes at 18 years of age, with a plateau in TTE starting at approximately 10 years of age. Limitations Youth who were not white were underrepresented in this study. Conclusions This study describes sex- and age-related normative values for FTT performance in children and adolescents who were healthy, developing typically, and 6 to 18 years of age. These age- and sex-related normative values will increase the usefulness of the FTT in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Normative Values for Muscular Fitness for Chinese Children and Adolescents Aged 7–18 Years

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 6078
Author(s):  
Yi Sun ◽  
Xiaojian Yin ◽  
Yuqiang Li ◽  
Cunjian Bi ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Muscular Fitness ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Table Data ◽  
Chinese Children And Adolescents

The primary aim of this study was to establish sex and age-specific muscular fitness (MF) norms for Chinese children and adolescents aged 7–18 years old. The secondary aim was to compare their MF values with those of children and adolescents in other countries and regions. The MF of 93,755 participants from China was evaluated by handgrip strength (upper limbs strength), sit-ups (trunk strength) and a standing broad jump (lower limbs strength), with a total of 90,424, 90,281 and 90,663 data values, respectively. The Lambda-Mu-Sigma (LMS) method was used to calculate smooth curves and table data. The MF of Chinese boys was higher than that of girls in all age groups. After the age of 11, the growth rate of boys accelerated while that of girls slowed down. Age-related changes were larger for boys than for girls. In the international comparison, all the MF indicators of Chinese children and adolescents were lower than those of their Japanese peers but were higher than those of their European peers, with the exception of handgrip strength. The results of this study can be used to evaluate, monitor and apply interventions that improve MF. They can also be used to compare trends across countries and regions.

Effect of physical activity level on body build and physical fitness of girls and boys aged 10-19 years

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (78) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Helena Popławska ◽  
Adam Wilczewski ◽  
Agnieszka Dmitruk ◽  
Wojciech Hołub
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
The Body ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Somatic Traits

Aim: The study was aimed to evaluate the somatic build and physical fitness of children and adolescents aged 10-19 years depending on their physical activity. Basic procedures: The survey was conducted in the years 2008-2009 with 925 girls and 1016 boys aged 10-19 years, attending rural and urban schools in the Bielsk District. The following basic anthropometric measures were taken: body height, body mass, arm and shank circumference, thickness of three skinfolds (over the triceps, over the scapula, and over the iliac crest). The Body Mass Index (BMI) was computed from values of body height and mass measurements. Numeric values of somatotypological components were calculated as well; these including: endomorphy, mesomorphy, and ectomorphy. Physical activity was evaluated based on the trials of the European Physical Fitness Test battery, and stratified acc. to a 3-level scale: low activity – up to 1 hour, moderate activity – between 1 and 3 hours, and high activity – 4 and more hours. In groups of the physical activity of girls and boys, values of somatic traits and results of motor tests were normalized with the use of equations indicating dependencies of mean values and standard deviations on age, according to Stupnicki et al. [1]. Significance of differences between the studied groups was evaluated using the analysis of variance ANOVA with “post-hoc” Newman-Keuls test. Results: The surveyed girls and boys with the highest physical activity were characterized by the lowest values of somatic traits, except for body height, and by the best results of physical fitness. Greater differences between results were observed in the girls. Conclusions: A correlation was demonstrated between the physical activity and somatic build and physical fitness of the surveyed girls and boys. Key words: physical activity, physical development, physical fitness, children and adolescents

SECULAR CHANGES IN HEIGHT, BODY WEIGHT, BODY MASS INDEX AND PUBERTAL DEVELOPMENT IN MALE CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN KRAKOW, POLAND

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
ŁUKASZ KRYST ◽  
MAŁGORZATA KOWAL ◽  
AGNIESZKA WORONKOWICZ ◽  
JAN SOBIECKI ◽  
BARBARA ANNA CICHOCKA
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Body Height ◽  
The Body ◽  
Secular Changes ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Mean

SummaryThis study examined the secular changes in height, body weight, body mass index and pubertal development in male children and adolescents in Krakow (Poland) over the past 80 years, with an emphasis on the last decade (2000–2010). The survey of the population of Krakow is a continuation of observations conducted in that area for many years. The analysis aims to determine whether in the last decade Krakow still witnessed the secular trend, and what form the trend took. The body height and weight, and body mass index (BMI), of 1862 boys aged 3.5–18.5 years were analysed, against the background of a survey series from the years 1938 (N=1801), 1971 (N=2045), 1983 (N=3124) and 2000 (N=2328). The mean body height, in almost all age categories, was greater than in the past; however the final height over the last decade remained the same. The mean values of body weight and BMI increased, especially in the last decade. Also, an acceleration of puberty in boys was observed. The last 10 years saw an over 3-month decrease in the age of initial appearance of pubic hair in boys. In conclusion, the last decade saw cessation of the growing taller trend: maximum body height stabilized at approximately 179 cm, but weight and BMI increased. Also, a distinct acceleration of puberty was noticed. Lack of height increase, at the same time as weight gain and puberty acceleration, indicate a progressing developmental disharmony.

scholarly journals Percentile distribution of blood pressure readings in relation to body mass index: a populationbased cross-sectional study ADOPOLNOR

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Krzyżaniak ◽  
Barbara Stawińska-Witoszyńska ◽  
Maria Kaczmarek ◽  
Małgorzata Krzywińska-Wiewiorowska ◽  
Aldona Siwińska
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

Abstract Recent upward trends toward elevated blood pressure and increased weight expressed in terms of body mass index in children and adolescents call for regular monitoring of their physical growth and age-related changes in blood pressure. This requires adequate tools - reference values of a normal blood pressure range. The main objective of this study was to provide sex- and BMI-specific percentile reference values for systolic and diastolic blood pressure based on the adolescent Polish population, participants in the ADOPOLNOR study. A cross-sectional survey was carried out on a representative, randomly selected cohort of 4,941; 2,451 male and 2,490 female students aged 10-18 years, residents in Wielkopolska province and its capital, the city of Poznań. All examinations were performed in school nursery rooms during morning hours according to standard procedures. Body height and weight were measured and BMI was calculated. Blood pressure was measured twice on each occasion on the right arm using a fully calibrated TECH MED TM-Z mercury gauge sphygmomanometer with sets of exchangeable cuffs and a clinical stethoscope. The blood pressure classification was determined using the surveillance method. For each participant, the mean of measurements taken on each of the three occasions was calculated and served as his/her final blood pressure value. Using the LMS method, fitted percentile curves were created for BMI-related systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The findings revealed that age related blood pressure pattern was similar in boys and girls. It showed a steady increase of systolic and diastolic blood pressure with age. There was a positive correlation between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure indicating that when systolic blood pressure increased so diastolic did (r=0.61 at p<0.01). Boys were likely to have relatively higher mean values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and steeper slope for BMI-related change in blood pressure than girls. Similar pattern was found for age-related changes in BMI. The quotation of 3rd, 5th, 10th, 15th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 85th, 90th, 95th, and 97th at any given BMI between 12 kg/m2 and 35 kg/m2 provided indication of the entire variation in blood pressure of adolescent males and females aged 10-18 years. The sex- and BMI-specific reference values and charts for systolic and diastolic blood pressure may be a useful tool in monitoring blood pressure for early detection of its abnormal level and treatment of children and adolescents with high blood pressure.

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