scholarly journals High-yielding cultivar of spring turnip rapeseed of “000” type Gratsiya

Author(s):  
G.N. Kuznetsova ◽  
◽  
R.S. Polyakova ◽  

The spring turnip rapeseed cultivar Gratsiya was developed at the Siberian experimental station – a branch of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops by multiple individual and family selections from high-yielding, yellowseeded forms of the German cultivar Eldorado. In 2020, we isolated elite plant in the selection nursery by the main agronomic valuable traits: early maturity, high productivity, resistance to lodging, yellow seed color, low content of glucosinolates in the seeds and erucic acid in the oil. According to the results of three years competitive trials (2018–2020), 12 promising numbers with a growing season of 66–70 days were evaluated and a promising high-yielding number 31119 – the cultivar of type “000” Gratsiya was isolated. The cultivar of spring turnip rapeseed Gratsiya exceeded the standard cultivar Pobeda in seed yield by 0.21 t/ha and in oil yield by 0.08 t/ha. By the main agronomic traits, the cultivar Gratsiya differs from the standard one in lower content of glucosinolates in seeds (14.6 µmol/g) and erucic acid in oil (0.43 %). Seedlings are green, without wax coating, the plant is semi-dense, medium-branched, plant height of 120– 135 cm. The fruit is a pod, 5–7 cm long. Seeds are yellow, with an addition of brown – up to 2 %. Thousand-seed weight is 2.5–2.8 g. It is moderately drought-resistant, has uniform ripening, is suitable for mechanical harvesting, and is recommended for cultivation throughout the Russian Federation because of its early maturity.

Author(s):  
O.F. Gorbachenko ◽  
◽  
T.V. Usatenko ◽  
N.S. Luchkina ◽  
N.A. Zhitnik ◽  
...  

The widespread saturation of crop rotations with sunflower crops contributed to the creation of favorable conditions for the emergence and wide distribution of new more aggressive races of broomrape, downy mildew and other pathogens of this crop. Sunflower varieties and hybrids resistant to previously common races have become severely affected. One of the ways to solve this problem is to develop sunflower hybrids resistant to new virulent races. The breeders had to combine high productivity and genes of resistance to new more aggressive races of broomrape and downy mildew in one genotype. The first stage of the work was development of a new breeding germplasm and selection of parental lines with breeding valuable traits from it. Based on these lines, there were developed hybrid combinations resistant to new highly virulent races of broomrape and downy mildew. The hybrid Status was developed by hybridization of a maternal line ED 47 and a paternal line ED 193. The maternal line ED 47 is single-headed, low height, resistant to the broomrape races: E, F, G, has a good combining ability. The paternal line ED 193 is branched, also resistant to broomrape (races E, F, G) and three races of downy mildew (330, 710, and 730). The hybrid Status belongs to the middle-early maturity group, duration of the growing season is 95 days. The average plant height over the years of testing was 140 cm; the plants are uniformed in height and the duration of the development phases. Seed yield of the hybrid Status exceeded the standard one (a hybrid Gorstar) by 0.25 t/ha, and oil yield – by 0.14 t/ha. The oil content of the seeds was 48.0%, the huskiness – 28.7%, the 1000 seeds weight – 60.6 g. The new hybrid is resistant to seven races of broomrape (A, B, C, D, E, F, and G) and three races of downy mildew (330, 710, and 730). A distinctive feature of it is resistance of both parent lines to broomrape. The originator of a simple interline sunflower hybrid Status is V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops.


Author(s):  
G.N. Kuznetsova ◽  
◽  
R.S. Polyakova ◽  

In 2020, we submitted the spring rapeseed variety Sibiryak 60 bred at the Siberian Experimental Station (branch of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops) to the State Commission of the Russian Federation on testing and protection of the selection achievements. We developed the variety by the method of multiple individual-family selection from the variety Avangard (All-Russian Research Institute of Rapeseed, Lipetsk). In 2012, there was identified an elite plant and further breeding work was carried out to improve the main economic traits: early maturity, productivity, oil content, resistance to lodging, seed falling and to the main pathogens. The general characteristics of the variety are high seed productivity and low content of glucosinolates in seeds. According to the results of the competitive variety trial (2018–2020), the spring rapeseed variety Sibiryak 60 exceeded the standard variety Granit in seed yield by 0.29 t/ha and in oil yield by 0.12 t/ha. In the conditions of the Krasnodar region, the variety Sibiryak 60 exceeded the standard variety Granit in seed yield by 0.31 t/ha, in the conditions of the Lipetsk region – by 0.30 t/ha. The new variety is meant to for cultivation for seeds in the Volgo-Vyatka (4), Middle Volga (7), Ural (9), West Siberian (10), and East Siberian (11) regions. The originator of the variety Sibiryak 60 is V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops.


Author(s):  
D.V. Starikova ◽  
◽  
L.A. Gorlova ◽  

We studied 18 perspective and already registered spring rapeseed cultivars of VNIIMK breeding. Impact of weather conditions in a period flowering – maturing on economically valuable traits was revealed. The cultivars were compared by calculated statistic parameters of adaptivity, environmental plasticity, stability in the conditions of the central zone of the Krasnodar region. The perspective linear cultivars which demonstrated the most stably yield in the different years were selected. The researches were conducted in the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Krasnodar, Russia, in 2017– 2020. The most favorable weather conditions for cultivation of spring rapeseed appeared to be in 2017. Index of environmental condition (Ij) was 1.01. On average for rapeseed cultivar, yield varied from maximal in 2017 (2.83 t per ha) to minimal in 2019 (1.31 t per ha). Oil content in the different years varied from 40.9 to 46.34%, weight of 1000 seeds – from 2.22 to 3.85 g. Glucosinolate content was minimal (14.16 µmol/g) in 2017 and reached maximum (21.48 µmol/g) in 2020. The linear cultivars ВН-LР13, ВНDl 2, and ВН-Dl 1 are characterized with the highest environmental plasticity, having the indicators bi = 1.30; 1.24, and 1.21, respectively. The cultivars Amulet and Ruyan were the most stable: Si² was equal to 0.65 and 0.69, respectively, as well as the main applicant for being a cultivar: ВН-4801, ВН-191, and ВН2478 having the indicators 0.40; 0.62, and 0.80. The perspective cultivars ВН-4801 and ВН-906 (Kenar) are characterized with a valuable combination of increased and stable for years yield. Due to absolute indicator of adaptability, all the studied cultivars are ranking as following: ВН-4801 (113.6%), ВН-Dl 1 (106.3%), ВН-Dl 2 (105.9%), ВН-LР 13 (105.0%), ВН-XT (103.4%), Руян (102.9%), and ВН-906 (101.9%).


OCL ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Aleksandr S. Bushnev ◽  
Yakov N. Demurin ◽  
Gennady I. Orekhov

We carried out the research in 2018–2019 in the Western Ciscaucasia on leached chernozem, low-humus, extra-heavy, heavy-loamy to study the possibility of cultivation of new sunflower genotypes with a compact habitus at a high plant density (80 000, 100 000 and 120 000 plants/ha) and a row width of 35 cm. We chose sunflower hybrids of the breeding of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops with the normal (Triumph and Berkut) and the erectoid (Triumph er-2, Triumph Er-3, Berkut er-2, Berkut Er-3) leaf position as an object of research. The high lodging capacity of the erectoid hybrids Triumph еr-2 (30.2%) and Triumph Еr-3 (10.9%) suggests potential yield losses due to non-threshing of heads during the combine harvesting. The highest productivity and oil content of seeds of normal and erectoid hybrids was obtained at the plant density of 80 000 plants/ha. The densification of sowings to 100 000 and 120 000 plants/ha led to a decrease in the traits of yield structure and productivity. The limited resources of the environment do not allow achieving both high productivity and product quality in sowings with the plant density exceeding 80 000 plants/ha. The compact habitus of sunflower plants is not a determining factor in the development of productivity of sowings with a high plant density.


2020 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Е.Л. Макарова ◽  
Л.А. Чистякова ◽  
О.В. Бакланова ◽  
Ю.В. Борцова

Приведены экспериментальные данные оценки по хозяйственно полезным признакам одиннадцати новых партенокарпических гетерозисных гибридов огурца в условиях весенне-летнего оборота Кировской области. Проблема возделывания теплолюбивых культур в северных регионах страны формирует цели селекционных исследований. Выращивание культуры огурца в Кировской области усугубляется неблагоприятными климатическими условиями второй световой зоны (короткая продолжительность вегетационного периода, низкие положительные температуры, заморозки в третьей декаде июля и в первой декаде августа). Цель научной работы – оценка и выявление перспективных партенокарпических гетерозисных гибридов огурца для выращивания в условиях необогреваемых теплиц в весенне-летнем обороте второй световой зоны. Исследования проводили в лаборатории северного овощеводства Кировской области во Всероссийском научно – исследовательском институте овощеводства – филиале ФГБНУ «Федеральный научный центр овощеводства» в условиях поликарбонатных необогреваемых грунтовых теплиц в течение 2018-2019 годах. В результате фенологических наблюдений и оценки биометрических показателей определены раннеспелость, скороспелость и товарность испытуемых партенокарпических гетерозисных гибридов огурца селекции Агрохолдинга «Поиск» и ВНИИО – филиала ФГБНУ «Федеральный научный центр овощеводства»: F1Авоська, F1 Атос, F1 Букет для мамы, F1Малахитовая шкатулка, F1 Мультифрут, F1 Новатор, F1Пилигрим, F1 Спринтер, F1 Реванш, F1 Тонус, F1Экспресс в сравнении с районированным гибридом огурца F1 Каролина. Определено сильное негативное влияние климатических условий второй световой зоны на продолжительность периода «всходы-плодоношение», который в среднем за годы исследований в зависимости от гибрида варьировал от 47 до 55 суток. Установлено, что для получения ранней продукции огурца в условиях поликарбонатных необогреваемых грунтовых теплиц Кировской области следует выращивать гетерозисные партенокарпические гибриды огурца F1Спринтер (3,6 кг/м2), F1 Авоська (2,1 кг/м2) и F1 Атос (2,5 кг/м2). Отмечены партенокарпические гибриды огурца F1 Спринтер и F1 Атос, которые имеют наиболее высокий выход товарной продукции 95,7 и 94,0%, соответственно. Выделен самый урожайный партенокарпический гибрид огурца F1 Новатор (16,1 кг/м2). В результате исследовательской работы рекомендовано выращивать в условиях необогреваемых теплиц весенне-летнего оборота Кировской области партенокарпические гибриды огурца F1 Новатор, F1 Спринтер, F1 Атос и F1 Авоська. The article presents the experimental data on the assessment of economically useful traits of eleven new parthenocarpic heterotic cucumber hybrids under the conditions of the spring-summer turnover of the Kirov region. The problem of cultivation of thermophilic crops, which arises in the northern regions of the country, is one of the stages of breeding research. The cultivation of cucumber in the Kirov region is aggravated by unfavorable climatic conditions of the second light zone (short duration of the growing season, low positive temperatures, frosts in the third decade of July and in the first decade of August). The purpose of the scientific work is to evaluate and identify promising parthenocarpic heterotic hybrids of cucumber for growing in unheated greenhouses in the spring-summer turnover of the second light zone. The research was carried out in the laboratory of northern vegetable growing of the Kirov region at the All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Growing - a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Centre in the conditions of polycarbonate unheated ground greenhouses during 2018-2019. As a result of phenological observations and assessment of biometric indicators, the early maturity, early maturity and marketability of the tested parthenocarpic heterotic cucumber hybrids of the selection of Agroholding Poisk and ARRIVG – a branch of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Centre were determined: F1 Avoska, F1 Atos, F1 Buket dlya mamy, F1 Multifrut, F1 Novator, F1 Piligrim, F1Sprinter, F1 Revansh, F1 Tonus, F1 Express in comparison with the zoned hybrid of cucumber F1 Carolina. A strong negative influence of climatic conditions of the second light zone on the duration of the seedling-fruiting period was determined, which on average over the years of research, depending on the hybrid, varied from 47 to 55 days. It has been established that to obtain early production of cucumber in polycarbonate unheated ground greenhouses of the Kirov region, heterotic parthenocarpic cucumber hybrids F1 Sprinter (3.6 kg/m2), F1 Avoska (2.1 kg/m2) and F1 Atos (2.5 kg/m2). Parthenocarpic cucumber hybrids F1 Sprinter and F1 Atos were noted, which have the highest yield of marketable products, 95.7 and 94.0%, respectively. The most productive parthenocarpic cucumber hybrid F1Novator (16.1 kg/m2) has been identified. As a result of the research work, it was recommended to grow parthenocarpic cucumber hybrids F1Novator, F1 Sprinter, F1 Atos and F1 Avoska under conditions of unheated greenhouses of spring-summer turnover of the Kirov region.


Author(s):  
R. V. Kulyan

The Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops has the citrus germplasm collection, in total over 150 genotypes of various origins including 30 wild and semi-wild relatives. As a result of controlled hybridization in 17 crossings combinations of with the participation of relatives of citrus plants, new 769 hybrid offspring were obtained, which combine the traits of both the maternal and paternal genotypes. Analyzing the populations, promising combinations were highlighted: C. reticulata × Fortunella margarita (47.1%); C. x natsudaidai × 3252 (42.1%) and C. reticulata × C. reticulata ‘Cleopatra’ (40.9%) to create the gene pool of distant hybrids. From the mentioned combinations of crossings the greatest percent of seedlings which phenotypes tend to cultivated varieties was received. This hybrid material is a valuable source for isolating forms that are resistant to extreme environmental factors. According to phenotypic characteristics, hybrids were divided into three categories: I – Cultural, II – Semi-wild and III – Wild. Of the first category, the largest number 87 prospective forms were selected, and can be of interest for further breeding. As a result of the study of interspecific hybrid seedlings, 137 promising forms have been identified, which are carriers the complex traits such as dwarfism, thornless, early maturity and increased winter hardiness. From this set 17 genotypes were selected, which received the status of an elite forms, which successfully pass the primary test, and will be also useful in further breeding work for creating sources with a complex of positive traits and on breeding new varieties of citrus crops resistant to growing conditions.


Author(s):  
Camelia RACZ ◽  
Ioan HAS ◽  
Voichita HAS ◽  
Teodora ŞCHIOP ◽  
I COSTE

The maize is one of the most important crops in the world due to its high productivity and multiplexing usage in human nutrition, animal breeding and industry. The isonucleus inbred lines study has been initiated from the demand of clarifying if the cytoplasm source has a positive or negative influence on the corn cars, plants, grain traits and some maize cultural features. The research has been conducted in the experimental field provided by the Maize Breeding laboratory from ARDS Turda, ARDB Târgu-Mureş, ARDS Secuieni, ARDS Livada, ARDS Suceava in 2009. The cell nucleus transfer activity for 12 elite inbred lines on various cytoplasm types has begun in 1992 starting from the assumption that among cytoplasm of different origin could exist differences in the genetic value. The ultimate objective of breeding works is to obtain a higher grain yield and the yield quality to be at the desired level of farmers. For this reason it was studied the effect of different types of cytoplasm on grain yield, kernel dry matter at harvest and unbroken plants percentage at harvest, all these traits are important to achieve secure yield, mechanized harvestable. The kernel dry matter at harvest is one of the indicators of vegetation period, the most used in choice of early single crosses.


1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Scarth ◽  
P. B. E. McVetty ◽  
S. R. Rimmer

Mercury summer rape (Brassica napus L.) is a high-erucic acid rapeseed cultivar with canola-quality meal. The oil provides a good source of erucic acid for industrial applications and the canola-quality meal can be used in the feed industry. Mercury has an average 10% yield advantage over Hero rapeseed with seed oil and protein contents comparable with Hero rapeseed. Mercury is adapted to the southern B. napus growing regions of western Canada. Key words: Rape (summer), high erucic acid-low glucosinolate, cultivar description


2021 ◽  
pp. 10-23
Author(s):  
Udda Lundqvist

Abstract In 1928, the Swedish geneticists Herman Nilsson-Ehle and Åke Gustafsson started to act on their own ideas with the first experiments with induced mutations using diploid barley. They started with X-rays and UV irradiation. Very soon the first chlorophyll mutations were obtained and followed by the first 'vital' mutations Erectoides (ert) (Franckowiak and Lundqvist, 2001). Several other valuable mutations were identified as early maturity, high yielding, lodging resistant and characters with altered plant architecture. The experiments expanded to include other different types of irradiation, followed by chemical mutagenesis starting with mustard gas and concluding with sodium azide. The research brought a wealth of observations of general biological importance, such as the physiological effects of radiation as well as the difference in the mutation spectrum with respect to mutagens. This research was non-commercial, even if some mutants have become of important agronomic value. It peaked in activity during the 1950s to 1980s and, throughout, barley was the main experimental crop. About 12,000 different morphological and physiological mutants with a very broad phenotypic diversity were brought together and are incorporated in the Nordic Genetic Resource Centre (NordGen), Sweden. Several important mutant groups have been analysed in more detail genetically, with regard to mutagen specificity and gene cloning. These are: (i) early maturity mutants (Praematurum); (ii) six-rowed and intermedium-spike mutants; (iii) mutants affecting surface wax coating (Eceriferum); and (iv) mutants affecting rachis spike density (Erectoides). Some of these groups are presented in more detail in this review. Once work with induction of mutations began, it was evident that mutations should regularly be included in breeding programmes of crop plants. In Sweden, direct X-ray induced macro-mutants have been successfully released as cultivars, some of them having been used in combination breeding. Their importance for breeding is discussed in more detail.


Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 926
Author(s):  
Rim Gubaev ◽  
Lyudmila Gorlova ◽  
Stepan Boldyrev ◽  
Svetlana Goryunova ◽  
Denis Goryunov ◽  
...  

Rapeseed is the second most common oilseed crop worldwide. While the start of rapeseed breeding in Russia dates back to the middle of the 20th century, its widespread cultivation began only recently. In contrast to the world’s rapeseed genetic variation, the genetic composition of Russian rapeseed lines remained unexplored. We have addressed this question by performing genome-wide genotyping of 90 advanced rapeseed accessions provided by the All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (VNIIMK). Genome-wide genetic analysis demonstrated a clear difference between Russian rapeseed varieties and the rapeseed varieties from the rest of the world, including the European ones, indicating that rapeseed breeding in Russia proceeded in its own independent direction. Hence, genetic determinants of agronomical traits might also be different in Russian rapeseed lines. To assess it, we collected the glucosinolate content data for the same 90 genotyped accessions obtained during three years and performed an association mapping of this trait. We indeed found that the loci significantly associated with glucosinolate content variation in the Russian rapeseed collection differ from those previously reported for the non-Russian rapeseed lines.


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