scholarly journals Association of dental anxiety with personality traits among Al Azhar arts students in Thodupuzha, Kerala

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
P Abdul Saheer ◽  
Tency Mathew Marriette ◽  
Arun Thomas Alappat ◽  
Shanila Abdul Majid ◽  
Hanna Hafiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Dental anxiety remains a barrier to dental care for a considerable proportion of the population. The psychological profile of patients dentally anxious but not highly anxious is quite similar to normal (non-anxious) patients’ profile. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study is to assess personality traits and prevalence of dental anxiety and to find an association between dental anxiety and personality traits in arts students. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 130 arts students out of which 86 were males and 44 were females. Modified dental anxiety scale was used to measure dental anxiety using a five-point Likert scale. Personality trait was assessed using the short-form revised Eysenck personality questionnaire scale which consisted of 48 questions. Statistical analysis was done using independent t-test with statistical significance at 5%. Results: Overall prevalence of dental anxiety was 56.93% (males 53.38% and females 63.63%). The mean score of dental anxiety for males was 9.6 ± 3.7 and for females 11.3 ± 4.2, and difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). A total of 30 (23.07%) were classified as extraversion, 24 (18.46%) as neuroticism, 32 (24.61%) as lie scale, and 20 (15.38%) as psychoticism according to the scale used. In the present study, there was no association between dental anxiety and personality trait. Conclusion: In general, dental anxiety is not gender related, but in the present study, females had higher dental anxiety (63.63%) compared to males (53.38%).

scholarly journals Analysis of Surgical Recurrence after Larynx Microsurgery for Benign Lesions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Theresa Costa Ramos de Oliveira Patrial ◽  
Rogério Hamerschmidt ◽  
Jorge Eduardo Fouto Matias ◽  
Evaldo Dacheux de Macedo Filho ◽  
Bettina Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Associated Lesions ◽  
Surgical Recurrence ◽  
Retrospective Data Collection ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Benign Laryngeal Lesions ◽  
Reinke Edema

Abstract Introduction The study of larynx lesions is of great importance. More than 50% of people with vocal complaints have benign vocal fold alterations and some require surgery. Objective To determine which factors are related to surgical recurrence of benign laryngeal lesions and to determine which videolaryngoscopic diagnoses are related to the risk or protection of surgical relapses over time. Methods Observational, analytical, cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection of 1,383 surgeries in 1,301 patients. Results The mean age at the first surgery was 39.2 years old. The predominant gender was female (65.6%).There were 396 cases of polyps (25.34%), 349 cases of cysts (22.33%), 261 cases of Reinke edema (16.7%), 175 cases of nodules (11.2%), 153 cases of minor structural alterations (MSAs) (9.79%), 94 cases of leukoplakia (6.01%), 77 cases of granulomas (4.93%) and 58 cases of pseudocysts (3.71%). The age presented statistical significance with the risk of surgical relapses (p = 0.016). Male gender was associated with the greatest chance of relapse.Diagnosis of granuloma (p < 0.001) and of leukoplakia (p < 0.001) were associated with a higher risk of surgical recurrence. Cyst diagnosis was associated with protection (p = 0.015) in relation to the chance of further surgeries. Patients with associated lesions, bilaterals or voice professionals did not present a statistically significant association with surgical recurrence. Conclusion Age and gender are statistically related to the increase of surgical relapses. Leukoplakia and granuloma are associated with increased surgical relapses. Patients submitted to cyst microsurgery appear to be protected against surgical recurrence.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Predictors of Stress among Bankers in Enugu State South-East Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-79
Author(s):  
T.J. Okwor ◽  
A.C. Ndu ◽  
S.U. Arinze-Onyia ◽  
I.J. Ogugua ◽  
I.M. Obionu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eastern State ◽  
Management Standards ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Enugu State ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
High Level

Background: The work environment is rapidly changing and in recent times, occupational stress poses a threat to the health, morale and productivity of workers and the organization. This study sought to determine the prevalence and predictors of stress among bankers in a south-eastern state of Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 370 bankers in Enugu State, Nigeria using the Health, Safety, Executive (HSE) management standards indicator tool. Multistage sampling method was used to select participants. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 22.0. Level of statistical significance was set at p< 0.05.Results: The mean age of the participants was 34.54±6.3 years while the mean years of work was 6.01±4.7years. One hundred and seventy-four (47%) reported high level of stress due to relationship at work while 318 (85.9%) reported low level of stress due to roles. Being 35 years or less was found to a predictor of high (AOR 0.55, CI 0.30-1.02) level of stress due to control.Work experience of 5 years or less was found to be a predictor of both high (AOR 0.74, CI 0.40--1.37) and low (AOR 0.99, CI 0.40-1.37) levels of stress due to control.Conclusion: This study has shown that the prevalence of stress was high among bankers in Enugu State, South-East Nigeria. There is, therefore, the need for routine stress assessment and interventions in the banking industry especially for those at high risk. Keywords: Bankers; HSE Stress Questionnaire; Stress; Workplace; Southeast Nigeria

scholarly journals Social support, functional outcome and quality of life among stroke survivors in an urban area

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nipaporn Butsing ◽  
Mathuros Tipayamongkholgul ◽  
Disya Ratanakorn ◽  
Nawarat Suwannapong ◽  
Kanitta Bundhamcharoen
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

AbstractSophisticated medical technologies can prolong a stroke patient’s life but not always their quality of life (QoL) due to poor functional outcomes. Social support can theoretically assist a patient’s adaptation to life after stroke and improve their QoL, but existing findings are inconclusive. This inconclusiveness is especially found in large cities where family and social bonding can be scarce. We conducted a hospital-based, cross-sectional study among 358 stroke patients to identify the effects of social support and functional outcome on QoL and its domains. The study took place in Bangkok, Thailand between July and December 2016. Data were collected by personal interview using a structured questionnaire that included the Short-Form WHO Quality of Life Instrument (WHOQOL-BREF) and by review of medical records. A hierarchical linear regression method was used to analyze data. The mean age of stroke respondents was 66.0 years (SD 13.5 years), and half were male. The mean total QoL score for patients was 68.6 (SD 15.2). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis found emotional support significantly impacted QoL in every domain (ps < .05) when all included variables were controlled for. To improve the quality of life among stroke survivors, health personnel and family members should provide not only physical assistance but also psychological support.

scholarly journals Increased Psychopathology and Maladaptive Personality Traits, But Normal Cognitive Functioning, In Patients after Long-Term Cure of Acromegaly

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 778-779
Author(s):  
Jitske Tiemensma ◽  
Nienke R. Biermasz ◽  
Roos C. van der Mast ◽  
Moniek J. E. Wassenaar ◽  
Huub A. M. Middelkoop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
Irreversible Effects

ABSTRACT Objective Active acromegaly is associated with psychopathology, personality changes, and cognitive dysfunction. It is unknown whether, and to what extent, these effects are present after long-term cure of acromegaly. Aim The aim of the study was to assess psychopathology, personality traits, and cognitive function in patients after long-term cure of acromegaly. Design This was a cross-sectional study. Patients and Methods We studied 68 patients after long-term cure (13 ± 1 yr) of acromegaly and 68 matched controls. We compared these data with 60 patients treated for nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenomas (NFMAs) and 60 matched controls. Psychopathology was assessed using the Apathy Scale, Irritability Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Mood and Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire short-form and personality by the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology short-form (DAPP). Cognitive function was assessed by 11 tests. Results Compared with matched controls, patients cured from acromegaly scored significantly worse on virtually all psychopathology questionnaires and on several subscales of the DAPP. Compared with NFMA patients, patients cured from acromegaly scored worse on negative affect (P = 0.050) and somatic arousal (P = 0.009) and seven of 18 subscales of the DAPP (P &lt; 0.05). Cognitive function in patients cured from acromegaly did not differ from matched controls or patients treated for NFMA. Conclusion Patients with long-term cure of acromegaly show a higher prevalence of psychopathology and maladaptive personality traits but not cognitive dysfunction, compared with matched controls and patients treated for NFMA. These results suggest irreversible effects of previous GH excess, rather than effects of pituitary adenomas per se and/or their treatment, on the central nervous system.

Relationship between resilience and personality traits in paramedics

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razieh Froutan ◽  
Reza Mazlom ◽  
Javad Malekzadeh ◽  
Amir Mirhaghi
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Recruitment And Selection ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Resilience can be of assistance to paramedics in order to maintain their own mental balance in stressful work environments. Since it is not well defined which personality traits are correlated with resilience in these personnel, the purpose of this paper is to explain the relationship between personality traits and levels of resilience. Design/methodology/approach This cross-sectional study was conducted on paramedics in Eastern Iran through field research. The study participants were selected by convenience sampling method. The data collection instruments included NEO-Five Factor Inventory-Short Form and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. The data obtained were also analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (correlation and regression analysis) through the SPSS 16.0 software. Findings A total of 252 paramedics with a mean age of 28.9±5.1 years participated in this study. The personality traits of neuroticism (r=−0.24), openness to experience (r=−0.22), and agreeableness (r=−0.18) were significantly correlated with resilience. In contrast, extraversion (r=0.26) and conscientiousness (r=0.32) were in a significant relationship with resilience. In this respect, the given personality traits could account for 31.5 percent of changes in resilience. Research limitations/implications It was concluded that the paramedics with lower scores of neuroticism had higher levels of resilience and they could similarly show better compliance with their work conditions in stressful situations and consequently maintain their mental health. Practical implications It is recommended to conduct psychological examinations of personality traits in recruitment and selection stages of medical emergency personnel and to implement psychological interventions for those medical emergency staff with the personality trait of neuroticism. Social implications Resilient paramedics may also perceive less stress and it may be negatively associated with burnout. Originality/value The study examined the relationship between personality traits and resiliency in order to clarifying recruitment criteria in emergency medical services.

scholarly journals The relationship between smartphone addiction and depression among university students in Karachi: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3472
Author(s):  
Ubaidullah Abid ◽  
Tooba Jawed Khan ◽  
Asif Sheikh ◽  
Saud Saleem ◽  
Hammad Afzal Kayani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Smartphone Addiction ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

Background: Pakistan demographic and health survey (PDHS) estimated extensive ownership of cell phones in Pakistan with 94.7% in the urban population. Pakistan Advertiser Company reported 77 % of cell phone users aged between 21-30 years. Although, no research was conducted with university population for addiction and depression, so this study aims to find the link between Smartphone addiction and depression in SZABIST University students of Karachi, Pakistan.Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted with self-assessment tools, comprised of three sections: socio-demographic information, smartphone addiction scale-short version (SAS-SV) and Beck’s depression inventory-II (BDI-II). Responses for SAS-SV were rated on a 6-point Likert scale and BDI-II was summated on range 0-60. Percentages mean score was commuted for SAS-SV; the mean score was computed and categorized for BDI-II. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used for data analysis. Statistical significance was set at p<0.01.Results: Total participants were N=225, of which 140 (62.2%) were males and 85 (35.8%) were females. The mean±SD of their ages were 20.9±2.9. Age was found insignificant with depression after applying multiple linear regressions. Mean score of SAS-SV was 54.8±17.2, and BDI-II was13.4±9.6, which showed a significant positive association (OR, 0.241; 95% CI, 0.2 to 0.3; p<0.001). Prior adjusting coefficient, males were speculated having a higher level of depression.Conclusions: A significant positive correlation was found between Smartphone addiction and depression, among University Students of SZABIST. Control smartphones usage is advised for undergraduate students as they are more prone to depression compared to postgraduate students.

scholarly journals Prevalence and prognostic factors for erectile dysfunction in renal transplant recipients

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime A. Wong ◽  
Joseph Lawen ◽  
Bryce Kiberd ◽  
Waleed K. Alkhudair
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Erectile Function ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipients ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of erectiledysfunction (ED) at our institution in the postrenal transplant populationand to compare those patients who had ED with those who did not have ED, with respect to several patient characteristics.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of male renal transplant recipientswho were in attendance at the transplant clinic from April 1, 2004, toMarch 31, 2006. Erectile function was evaluated using the International Indexof Erectile Function short form questionnaire. Patients were also screened fordepression using the Beck Depression Inventory. We performed a chart reviewto obtain various patient characteristics.Results: This study involved 55 patients. Their average age was 50 years oldand the mean duration of the current transplant was 7.9 years. ED was identifiedin 28 of the patients (51%). More patients with ED were over age 50 years(64% v. 26%, p = 0.004). There was a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus(39% v. 11%, p = 0.02) in patients with ED compared with those patients withoutED. More patients with ED were depressed compared with those patientswho did not have ED (29% v. 7%, p = 0.04). These 3 factors were significantlyassociated with ED and this relationship was confirmed on multivariateanalysis.Conclusion: ED remains a common problem in the renal transplant population.The cause of ED is multifactorial, with increasing age and the presenceof diabetes mellitus and depression increasing the risk of ED.

scholarly journals Anxiety–Depression of Dialysis Patients and Their Caregivers

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia Gerogianni ◽  
Maria Polikandrioti ◽  
Fotoula Babatsikou ◽  
Sofia Zyga ◽  
Victoria Alikari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Background and Objectives: Anxiety–depression of patients undergoing hemodialysis has a strong relation with the levels of anxiety–depression of their caregivers. The aim of this study was to evaluate anxiety–depression of dialysis patients and their caregivers. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 414 pairs of patients and caregivers from 24 hemodialysis centers of Greece completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The statistical analysis of the data was performed through the Statistical Program SPSS version 20.0. The statistical significance level was set up at 5%. Results: The mean age of patients was 64 (54.06–72.41) years old and the mean duration of hemodialysis was 36 (16–72) months. The mean age of caregivers was 54 (44–66) years old. Of the total sample, 17.1% (n = 71) of patients had high levels of anxiety and 12.3% (n = 51) had high levels of depression. Additionally, 27.8% (n = 115) of caregivers had high levels of anxiety and 11.4% (n = 47) had high levels of depression. Caregivers had higher levels of anxiety when their patients had high levels of anxiety as well (42.3%). Additionally, they had higher levels of depression when their patients had high levels of depression as well (17.6%). Conclusions: The results of this study showed a significant association between the levels of anxiety and depression among patients and caregivers. There is a necessity for individualized assessment of dialysis patients and their caregivers and the implementation of specific interventions for reducing the levels of anxiety and depression among them.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Personality Traits and Eating Speed - Results from a Large Cross-Sectional Study Among Iranian Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzieh Kafeshani ◽  
Awat Feizi ◽  
Ahmad Esmaillzadeh ◽  
Ammar Hassanzadeh Keshteli ◽  
Hamidreza Roohafza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Eating Rate ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract BackgroundThe eating speed has been hypothesized to be associated with energy intake and weight control. Recently, the effects of some factors on eating rate were investigated, however; studies about the impacts of psychological factors in this field are rare. One of these possible factors is personality traits. This study aimed to assess the relationship between personality traits and eating speed. MethodsThis cross-sectional study was performed among 4763 adults in 2011. Personality trait was assessed by using the Big Five Personality Inventory Short Form. The eating speed was evaluated using a pretested questionnaire and latent class analysis (LCA) was applied to categorize participants according to the eating speed. Multiple binary logistic regression analysis was used for data analyses. ResultsWe found that the higher levels of neuroticism (quartile 4) were associated significantly with lower odds of normal eating speed (OR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.31, 0.60; P<0.001) but higher levels of other personality traits were statistically significantly associated with higher odds of normal eating speed. ConclusionsThe current study showed significant associations between personality traits and eating speed; accordingly, it provides primary evidence about the potential value of personality traits for managing the eating rate. Further prospective observational and interventional studies are recommended.

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