scholarly journals PEREKAT UNTUK PEMBUATAN PELET PUPUK ORGANIK DARI RESIDU PROSES DIGESTASI ANAEROBIK LUMPUR BIOLOGI INDUSTRI KERTAS

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krisna Adhitya Wardana ◽  
Rina S. Soetopo ◽  
Saepulloh . ◽  
Prima Besty Asthary ◽  
Mukharomah Nur Aini
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Biological Sludge ◽  
Water Holding

The residue from anaerobic digestion of paper mill biological sludge has the potency to be used as organic fertilizer. Physically, organic fertilizer in pellet form has smaller volume and easily stored and transported. The aim of this study is to obtain the appropriate adhesive to make fertilizer pellets from the residue from anaerobic digestion of paper mill biological sludge. The experiment were performed with two variable treatments which are the types of adhesive (sago flour, cassava starch, molasses) and the adhesive doses (0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%) with respectively 3 replications. The physical properties of resulting pellets were tested including yield, density, water holding capacity, and durability. The effect of pellets on plant germination and growth was also done using tomato seed. The results explained that generally, the pellets meet minimum requirements of organic fertilizers and soil conditioner according to Indonesian National Standard (SNI 7847:2012) unless Zn as micro nutrient and Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture Number 70/2011 unless water content. The pelletization of organic fertilizer to the size of 3-5 mm can be done by adding the best adhesive material, namely cassava starch 1% with the physical properties of the pellets including a yield of 99.56%, density of 1.84 g/mL, water holding capacity of 65.53%, and durability of 99.65-99.84%, but organic fertilizer pellets (with sago flour as adhesive) at a dose of 0.5 g/50 g media is the best for tomato germination and growth.Keywords: anaerobic digestion residue, organic fertilizer pellet, molasses, cassava starch, sago flourABSTRAKResidu proses digestasi anaerobik lumpur biologi industri kertas berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai pupuk organik. Secara fisik, pupuk organik dalam bentuk pelet lebih kecil volumenya dan lebih mudah disimpan dan diangkut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh bahan perekat yang sesuai untuk membuat pelet pupuk organik dari residu proses digestasi anaerobik lumpur biologi industri kertas. Percobaan dilakukan dengan 2 variabel perlakuan, yaitu jenis perekat (tepung sagu, tepung kanji, molase) dan dosis perekat (0,5%; 1,0%; dan 1,5%) dengan masing-masing 3 replikasi. Pelet yang dihasilkan diuji sifat fisiknya meliputi yield, densitas, water holding capacity dan durabilitas. Percobaan pengaruh pelet berperekat terhadap perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan biji tanaman tomat juga dilakukan. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa secara umum, pelet memenuhi persyaratan minimal pupuk organik dan pembenah tanah sesuai SNI 7847:2012 kecuali Zn sebagai unsur hara mikro dan PERMENTAN No. 70 tahun 2011 kecuali kadar air. Pembuatan pelet pupuk organik dengan ukuran 3–5 mm dapat dilakukan dengan menambahkan bahan perekat terbaik, yaitu tepung kanji 1% dengan sifat fisik : yield 99,56%, densitas 1,84 g/mL, water holding capacity 65,53% dan durabilitas 99,65-99,84%, namun penggunaan pelet pupuk organik (berperekat tepung sagu) 0,5 g/50 g media untuk perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan biji tanaman tomat merupakan yang terbaik.Kata kunci: residu digestasi anaerobik, pelet pupuk organik, molase, tepung kanji, tepung sagu

scholarly journals PELET PUPUK ORGANIK DARI RESIDU DIGESTASI ANAEROBIK LIMBAH LUMPUR PABRIK KERTAS (Organic Fertilizer Pellet from Anaerobic Digestion Residue of Paper Mill Sludge Waste)

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rina Susilowati Soetopo ◽  
Sri Purwati ◽  
Yusup Setiawan ◽  
Mukharomah Nur Aini ◽  
Aep Surahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Paper Mill Sludge ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion Process ◽  
Digestion Process ◽  
Biological Sludge ◽  
Residual Sludge

The study of the organic fertilizer pellet from anaerobic digestion residue of paper mill sludge has been conducted. Study was divided into: characterization of biological sludge, anaerobic digestion process to obtain a precipitate residual sludge, organic fertilizer pellets production, and economic analysis. Pilot scale anaerobic digestion process is done in a paper industry at pH of 5.5 to 6.0, alkalinity of 2000-2500 mg/L and a residence time of 4 days with feed solids content of 0.6%. Stages of organic fertilizer pellets production were dewatering, drying and pellets formation. Pellets were made with a mixture of rice husk ash additive powder of 5-10%. The results showed that the residual sludge from anaerobic digestion process had a solid content (TS) from 2.0 to 4.5%. The process of dewatering of residue sludge and the drying process can increase the levels of solids each up to 26-29% and 80%. Pellets that was produced meets the requirements as organic fertilizer or soil conditioner according to Indonesia National Standard   (SNI) 7847: 2012 that is intended for industrial timber estates (HTI). Based on material balance calculations for industrial scale, biological sludge digestion capacity of 200 tonnes a day with a TS content of 1%, resulting in digestion sludge residue as much as 24 tonnes/ day with a TS content of 3% .From the sludge residue can be made fertilizer pellets with TS of 80.5% as much as 710 kg/day. Economic analysis results indicate that the Pay Back Period was 3.9 years with the Break Even Point (BEP) of 48%.Keywords: anaerobic digestion, biological sludge, sludge residue, organic fertilizer pellet ABSTRAKPenelitian pembuatan pelet pupuk organik dari residu digestasi anaerobik lumpur biologi industri kertas telah dilakukan. Tahapan penelitian terdiri dari karakterisasi lumpur biologi, digestasi anaerobik untuk memperoleh endapan residu lumpur, pembuatan pelet pupuk organik, dan analisis tekno ekonomi. Proses digestasi anaerobik skala pilot dilakukan di industri kertas pada pH 5,5 – 6,0, alkalinitas 2000 - 2500 mg/L, dan waktu tinggal 4 hari dengan kadar padatan total (TS) umpan 0,6%. Tahapan pembuatan pelet pupuk organik meliputi penghilangan air, pengeringan dan pembentukan pelet. Pembuatan pelet dilakukan dengan menambahkan aditif abu sekam 5-10 %. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa residu lumpur dari proses digestasi anaerobik mengandung kadar padatan total 2,0 - 4,5%. Proses penghilangan air pada residu lumpur dan pengeringannya dapat meningkatkan kadar padatan berturut-turut 26 – 29% dan 80%. Pelet yang dihasilkan memenuhi persyaratan sebagai pupuk organik atau pembenah tanah menurut SNI 7847:2012 yang diperuntukkan untuk Hutan Tanaman Industri (HTI). Berdasarkan perhitungan neraca massa skala industri, digestasi anaerobik dengan umpan lumpur biologi 200 ton/hari dan kadar padatan total (TS) 1% menghasilkan residu lumpur 24 ton/hari dengan TS 3%. Residu lumpur tersebut dapat dibuat menjadi 710 kg pelet pupuk organik/hari dengan TS 80,5%. Hasil analisis ekonomi menunjukkan bahwa lamanya investasi kembali adalah 3,9 tahun dengan titik pulang pokok 48%.Kata kunci: digestasi anaerobik, lumpur biologi, residu lumpur, pelet pupuk organik 

scholarly journals Effect of Soaking, Cooking, Germination and Fermentation Processing on Physical Properties and Sensory Evaluation of Sorghum Biscuits

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abd El-Moneim M. R. AFIFY ◽  
Hossam Saad EL-BELTAGI ◽  
Samiha M. ABD EL-SALAM ◽  
Azza A. OMRAN
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Sensory Evaluation ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Acceptable Quality ◽  
Water Holding

Three white sorghum varieties (named ‘Dorado’,‘Shandaweel-6’ and ‘Giza-15’) were investigated for grain characteristics and processed whole meal flour (via soaking, cooked, germinated and fermented sorghum). ‘Giza-15’ variety was the highest one in 1,000 kernel weight and hectolitre, followed by ‘Dorado’ and ‘Shandaweel-6’ that were significant lower. Sorghum varieties were non-significant different in L scales. ‘Giza-15’ was the highest variety in a and b scales. Sorghum varieties were significant different in c scales and non-significant different in h scales. Shandaweel-6 recorded the highest value in water holding capacity (WHC).‘Giza-15’recorded the highest variety in oil holding capacity (OHC). The most significant increase in WHO was after fermentation treatment, followed by cooking treatment. Regarding OHC, the most significant increase was after germination treatment. Biscuits prepared from 50% whole meal flour of raw, soaked, cooked, germinated and fermented sorghum were evaluated for sensory and physical characteristics. The sensory results showed that 50% sorghum whole meal flour could be incorporated to prepare acceptable quality biscuits. The diameter of sorghum biscuits increased, while the diameter of wheat biscuits decreased. Hardness of sorghum biscuits was significant decreased in all treatments compared with wheat biscuits. Hardness of germinated sorghum biscuits was close to wheat biscuits values.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the profile variability of black soil water-physical properties when long-term applying plowing and no-till technologies use (the case of Panfily Research Station)

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-133
Author(s):  
S. S. Kolomiiets ◽  
A. S. Bilobrova ◽  
V. M. Vyr’ovka ◽  
T. V. Tarasenko
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Fundamental Result ◽  
Research Station ◽  
No Till ◽  
Profile Distribution ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Moisture Conductivity

The results of actual research on profile variability of soil water-physical properties of undisturbed structure at the plots, where traditional plowing and no-till technology have been applied for 11 years, are given. The comparative research was conducted based on a stationary field experiment, which is carried out at Panfily Research Station of the National Scientific Center "Institute of Agriculture NAAS" when applying a system of laboratory diagnostics of water-physical properties created in the Institute of Water Problems and Land Reclamation of NAAS based on hydrophysical methods. The characteristics of main hydrophysical functions, namely moisture conductivity and water holding capacity, as well as hydrological constants -  maximum hygroscopic moisture, withering point, minimal water holding capacity, maximum water holding capacity,  specific surface area and active moisture range were obtained for three different depths. Based on the results of comparison, it was found that mesoporosity was more developed in the soil on the plots under plowing, while macroporosity was more developed on the no-till plots. The fundamental result is determining the inversion type of profile distribution of moisture conductivity in unsaturated soil. Thus, under on the no-till plots the highest values of moisture conductivity were observed in the deepest soil layer (0,70-0,85 m), decreasing to the soil surface, while on the plots under plowing the highest values of moisture conductivity were observed in cultivated soil layer (0,00-0,15 m), which naturally decreased in depth. The profile distribution of moisture conductivity on the no-till plots contributed to the infiltration supply of groundwater and capillary feeding of soil root layers from the deeper ones.

scholarly journals Amending a Gravel Based Growing Medium with Calcined Clay Improves Physical Properties and Seedling Growth

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-156
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Bohnert ◽  
Christopher Starbuck ◽  
Stephen Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Calcined Clay ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Plant Available Water ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Water Holding

Abstract The Missouri Gravel Bed (MGB) is a system that uses pea gravel with 10% sand (v/v) as a root growth medium, allowing plants to be removed from the gravel and planted, bare root, during the growing season. However, the low water holding capacity of the medium necessitates frequent irrigation. This study was conducted to determine the effects of amending pea gravel with calcined clay (Terra-Green®) on the physical properties of the medium and on growth of Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch seedlings. Adding 10% sand (v/v) increased water holding capacity of the medium slightly at water tensions above 1 kPa. Gravel amended with 40% calcined clay had 16% air-filled porosity and had 3.5 times more plant available water than gravel with sand only. Dry weights of seedlings grown in gravel amended with 40% calcined clay and no sand were over twice as great as those of seedlings grown in the standard MGB medium.

scholarly journals Effect of Rice Husk Ash on the Physicochemical Properties of Compost

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 967
Author(s):  
Nur Ezyan Badrul Hisham ◽  
Nor Hanuni Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Incineration Process ◽  
Water Holding

Recently, the increase in demand for rice has led to the numerous availabilities of rice husks (RH) in Malaysia. RH is being utilized as industrial fuel to generate electricity through incineration process in the boiler. During the incineration process, rice husk ash (RHA) is being produced as the by-product and caused environmental pollution. RHA has the potential of being utilized as organic fertilizer through a composting process to control environmental pollution. Thus, this study investigated the effect of different compositions on the duration of the composting process and physicochemical properties of compost. The raw materials and finished compost were analyzed in terms of elemental composition, pH, water holding capacity, and moisture content. The obtained results showed that addition of 7.5 wt.% of RHA can improve composting process due to the presence of silica which can maintain the moisture content within 50–60% and water holding capacity of compost at the range of 61-73%. The results of this study have clearly shown the potential of the compositing process in treating RHA. However, further studies are required to provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved in facilitating the development of an optimum treatment system applicable to the industry.

scholarly journals Replacement meat by commercial flours on physicochemical and sensory properties of low-fat lamb burgers

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. e560101421792
Author(s):  
Tamires Marcelino da Silva Felix ◽  
Francisco Allan Leandro de Carvalho ◽  
Ery Jonhons Nascimento Ramos ◽  
Bernardo José Marques Ferreira ◽  
Rafael Torres de Souza Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Cooking Loss ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Cassava Flour ◽  
Sensory Acceptance ◽  
Water Holding

The effect of incorporating of breadcrumbs, oatmeal and cassava starch on the physicochemical and sensorial parameters of low-fat lamb burgers were investigated. Seven treatments were prepared: control (CONT), 2% or 4% addition of breadcrumbs (BRE2 and BRE4), oatmeal flour (OAT2 and OAT4) and cassava flour (CAS2 and CAS4); and analyzed their physicochemical parameters (moisture, protein, fat, ash, carbohydrate, energy, water holding capacity and cooking loss). Furthermore, consumers evaluated the sensory acceptance (color, taste, texture, aroma and overall quality) and indicated their preference. The treatments affected the characteristics of the product (P<0.05), the highest values of fat (12.26%) carbohydrate (2.83%), energy (194.39Kcal/100g) and cooking loss (54.90%) were found in CAS2, CAS4, OAT4 and BRE2, respectively. CAS2 group improved the taste, while BRE4 improved the texture and along with CAS4 were the batches most preferred by consumers (18.8% and 21.5%, respectively). Breadcrumbs and cassava flour are most recommended for low-fat lamb burger production.

scholarly journals APLIKASI SERBUK WORTEL SEBAGAI SUMBER β-KAROTEN ALAMI PADA PRODUK MI INSTAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Sri Anna Marliyati ◽  
Ahmad Sulaeman ◽  
Mega Pramudita Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cooking Time ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Instant Noodle

<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>The objective of this research was to study the use of carrot powder as a source of natural β-carotene in instant noodle. Four formulas were developed based on carrot powder level added into the formula (0%, 10%, 15%, and 20%). The carrot instant noodle was evaluated for sensory properties by 30 panelists. The best formula was analyzed for chemical properties, including proximate composition, dietary fibre, and β-carotene. The physical properties were analyzed in color, cooking time, elasticity, and water holding capacity. The experimental design applied terms of Complete Randomized Design. The result showed that instant noodle with 15% carrot powder was the best formula of carrot instant noodle. No significant difference in acceptance between this formula and commercial instant noodles. Product was composed of moisture content 7.75% (wb), ash 1.59% (d.b), protein 12.82% (d.b), fat 1.41% (d.b), carbohydrate 84.18% (d.b) and β-carotene 2 390 μg/100 g (199 RE or 99.5 RAE/serving size). Carrot instant noodle had physical properties as cooking time was 3.5 minutes, the color was yellow-redish, elasticity properties was 162.22%, and water holding capacity was 143.89%. This noodle contribute above 15% RDA of vitamin A for the children aged 4—5 years.</p><p>Key words: β-carotene, carrot powder, instant noodle</p><p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari penggunaan serbuk wortel sebagai sumber beta karoten alami dalam mi instan. Empat formula dikembangkan berdasarkan jumlah serbuk wortel yang ditambahkan (0%, 10%, 15%, dan 20%). Mi instan wortel dievaluasi sifat organoleptiknya oleh 30 orang panelis. Formula terbaik dianalisis sifat-sifat kimianya meliputi komposisi, serat pangan, dan beta karoten, sedangkan sifat-sifat fisik yang dianalisis adalah warna, waktu masak, elastisitas, dan daya serap air. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mi instan dengan penambahan 15% serbuk wortel merupakan formula terbaik. Tidak ada perbedaan yang nyata dalam penerimaan antara mi instan formula ini dengan mi instan komersial. Produk mi instan ini mengandung air sebesar 7.75% (bb), abu 1.59% (bk), protein 12.82% (bk), lemak 1.41% (bk), karbohidrat 84.18% (bk) dan karoten 2 390 μg/100 g (199 RE atau 99.5 RAE/takaran saji). Mi instan wortel mempunyai sifat-sifat fisik seperti waktu masak 3.5 menit, warna kuning kemerahan, elastisitas 162.22%, dan daya serap air 143.89%. Mi ini berkontribusi sebesar 15% terhadap Angka Kecukupan Gizi vitamin A untuk anak usia 4—5 tahun.</p><p>Kata kunci: β-karoten, mi instan, serbuk wortel</p>

scholarly journals Amendment of Soil Water Retention and Nutrients Holding Capacity by Using Sugar Cane Bagasse

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-235
Author(s):  
Mwita Solomon Chacha ◽  
Banyikwa Andrew ◽  
Maheswara Rao Vegi
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Properties Of Soil

Sugarcane bagasse (SCB)is byproduct of sugarcane industry can be used as soil amendments to improve soil hydro, physical-chemical characteristics. It also provides reasonable economic means to recycle these in an environmentally friendly manner. The soil samples were studied for different soil characteristics collected from different sites of Dodoma city, Tanzania. Soil sample with poor water holding capacity selected and made into six treatments by different percentages of sugarcane bagasse 0, 2, 5, 10,20 and 100% in triplicates for each treatment. The result showed that the water holding capacity of the soil increased from 26.85 to 84.08 % representing 3.16 times.The soil of Dodoma have low organic matter (438.6 - 1126.6 mg/kg), and deficient in K+ (0.5 cmol/kg), Ca2+ (2.8 cmol/kg), Mg2+ (1.3 mg /kg), Na+ (1.03 cmol/kg) and cation exchange capacity (5 cmol/kg). The available K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ contents of soil increased by 13.87, 22.79, 33.13 and 43.61% with the application of 2, 5, 10 and 20 % of sugarcane bagasse, respectively. Different levels of SCB positively influence the hydro, physico-chemical properties of soil. Utilization of SCB as organic fertilizer was found to save the water cost and chemical fertilizer along with minimizing environmental pollution. Application of 10% of sugarcane bagasse was found to be the standard dose to achieve important hydo, physicochemical properties of soil to a required level.

Substrate-based Hydroponic Systems.

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-99
Author(s):  
Lynette Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Nutrient Delivery ◽  
Moisture Control ◽  
Hydroponic Systems ◽  
Water Holding

Abstract This chapter focuses on substrate-based hydroponic systems. The main purpose of the substrate in hydroponic systems is to provide plant support, allowing roots to grow throughout the medium absorbing water and nutrients from the nutrient solution. Topics discussed are properties of hydroponic substrates, open and closed soilless systems, common hydroponic substrates, substrates and water-holding capacity, substrates and oversaturation, matching substrates to crop species, physical properties of soilless substrates, chemical properties of hydroponic substrates, nutrient delivery in substrate systems, irrigation and moisture control in substrates, and microbial populations in substrates.

scholarly journals Mechanical properties of edible film based bacterial cellulose from sago liquid waste using starch as stabilizer

2021 ◽  
Vol 948 (1) ◽  
pp. 012063
Author(s):  
N A Yanti ◽  
S W Ahmad ◽  
L O A N Ramadhan ◽  
T Walhidayah
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Edible Film ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Water Holding

Abstract Edible film is a thin layer made of edible material as a packaging for food products. In the edible film production, required additional material that serves as stabilizer and plasticizer. This research aimed to determine the mechanical properties of the edible film-based bacterial cellulose from sago liquid waste using some types of starch as a stabilizer. The starches used as stabilizers in making edible films were corn, cassava, and sago starch. Mechanical properties were measured include tensile strength, elongation at break, elasticity (Young’s modulus), and water holding capacity (WHC). The results showed that the thickness of corn, sago, and cassava starch was 0.08 mm, 0.09 mm, and 0.11 mm, respectively. The mechanical properties of the edible film with corn, sago, and cassava starch as stabilizers namely a tensile strength (MPa) were 10.90; 15.90 and 61.92 respectively, elongation at break (%) were 8, 20, and 87, young’s modulus (MPa) were 13.48, 7.84 and 6.98, respectively and water holding capacity (g/g) were 34.26; 18.18 and 16.40 respectively. Therefore, the utilization of starch as a stabilizer in edible film can improve its mechanical properties.

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