Body composition at farrowing and nutrition during lactation affect the performance of primiparous sows: I. Voluntary feed intake, weight loss, and plasma metabolites.

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 1729 ◽  
Author(s):  
D K Revell ◽  
I H Williams ◽  
B P Mullan ◽  
J L Ranford ◽  
R J Smits
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake

scholarly journals Effects of Extreme Weight Loss on Cardiometabolic Health in Children With Metabolic Syndrome: A Metabolomic Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingxin Liu ◽  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Jing Liao ◽  
Xiaoguang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of extreme weight loss programs on circulating metabolites and their relationship with cardiometabolic health in children with metabolic syndrome.Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental design with a pretest and post-test. Thirty children with metabolic syndrome and aged 10–17years were recruited to an extreme weight loss program (i.e., exercise combined with diet control). The primary outcomes included plasma metabolites, body composition, and cardiometabolic risk factors. A total of 324 metabolites were quantitatively detected by an ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry system, and the variable importance in the projection (VIP) value of each metabolite was calculated by the orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis. The fold change (FC) and p value of each metabolite were used to screen differential metabolites with the following values: VIP>1, p value<0.05, and |log2FC|>0.25. Pathway enrichment and correlation analyses between metabolites and cardiometabolic risk factors were also performed.Result: A large effect size was observed, presenting a weight loss of −8.9kg (Cohen’s d=1.00, p<0.001), body mass index reduction of −3.3kg/m2 (Cohen’s d=1.47, p<0.001), and body fat percent reduction of −4.1 (%) (Cohen’s d=1.22, p<0.001) after the intervention. Similar improvements were found in total cholesterol (Cohen’s d=2.65, p<0.001), triglycerides (Cohen’s d=2.59, p<0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Cohen’s d=2.81, p<0.001), glucose metabolism, and blood pressure. A total of 59 metabolites were changed after the intervention (e.g., aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; nitrogen metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis). The changes in metabolites (e.g., amino acids, fatty acids, organic acids, and carnitine) were related to lipid metabolism improvement (p<0.05). Organic acids and carnitines were associated with changes in the body composition (p<0.05).Conclusion: Exercise combined with dietary control improved the body composition and cardiometabolic health in children with metabolic syndrome, and these changes may be related to plasma metabolites.

scholarly journals Impact of early weaning on small intestine, metabolic, immune and endocrine system development, growth and body composition in artificially reared lambs

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue A McCoard ◽  
Omar Cristobal-Carballo ◽  
Frederik W Knol ◽  
Axel Heiser ◽  
Muhammed A Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Step Down

Abstract AbstractThis study evaluated the effect of early weaning (EW) of artificially reared lambs using a restricted milk replacer (MR) feeding and step-down weaning system on the short- and long-term effects on growth, feed intake, selected blood metabolites and hormones, body composition, and small intestine development. Mixed-sex twin-born 2 to 5 d old lambs were randomly allocated to individual pens and fed MR at 20% of initial individual BW in week 1 and 15% in week 2 followed by weaning off MR by the end of week 4 (EW; n = 16) or week 6 (Control; Ctrl, n = 16) using a step-down procedure. Concentrate starter and fiber diets were offered ad libitum to week 9, then gradually removed over a 10-d period. All lambs were managed as a single group on pasture from weeks 6 to 16 of the trial. Feed intake was recorded daily in the first 6 wk, and BWs recorded weekly. At weeks 2, 4, 6, and 8, and pre- and postclostridial vaccination at week 8, blood samples were collected for analysis of selected blood metabolites, IGF-1, and immune function. Body composition was evaluated in eight animals per group at weeks 4 and 16 after euthanasia, and duodenal samples collected for histomorphometric evaluation. Early weaned lambs had lower DM, ME, CP, and NDF intake than Ctrl lambs at 21, 15, 21, and 36 d of rearing, respectively (P < 0.001), driven by lower intakes of MR from day 15 (P < 0.001) as per the experimental design, and lower total DMI of fiber (P = 0.001) from 21 to 42 d of rearing. Lamb BW tended (P = 0.097) to be lower in EW than Ctrl lambs from 5 to 10 wk of rearing, with lower ADG in EW lambs from weeks 3 to 6 (P = 0.041). Early weaning had negligible effects on duodenal morphology, organ, and carcass weights at weeks 4 and 16. Plasma metabolites (urea nitrogen, triglycerides, NEFA, glucose, and total protein) were similar between groups, while β-hydroxybutyrate was greater in EW than Ctrl lambs at weeks 4 and 6 (P = 0.018) but not week 8 indicative of early rumen development. Serum IGF-1 tended to be lower in EW than Ctrl lambs from weeks 2 to 6 only (P = 0.065). All lambs developed antibody responses postvaccination and there was no effect of treatment (P = 0.528). The results of this study illustrate that artificially reared lambs can be weaned off MR by 4 or 6 wk of rearing without compromising growth, small intestine morphology, major organ development, and body composition, nor immune function at either 4 (preweaning) or 16 (postweaning) wk of age.

Compensatory growth in sheep and cattle. II. Changes in body composition and tissue weights

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 1623 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJ Ryan ◽  
IH Williams ◽  
RJ Moir
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
Maintenance Requirement ◽  
Nutritional Restriction ◽  
Ad Libitum

Compensatory growth can be due to increased protein deposition, reduced maintenance and greater feed intake. However, the contribution to and interaction between these mechanisms during compensatory growth is not clear. It was hypothesized that initial compensatory growth was due to reduced maintenance requirement and greater deposition of protein, after which compensatory growth was due to greater feed intake. Changes in the composition of sheep and cattle were measured during nutritional restriction and subsequent compensatory growth, and compared with the changes in control animals fed ad libitum throughout. At the end of the experiment the restricted cattle had compensated completely, and there was no difference in the body composition of the restricted and the control cattle. The restricted sheep did not compensate completely and were leaner than the control sheep. During nutritional restriction there was differential weight loss of carcase tissues in both the sheep and the cattle. The greatest losses were in the liver and the digestive tract in both species and in the skin of the sheep. It was concluded that the loss of these tissues reduced the maintenance requirement of the restricted animals and that the lowered maintenance requirement persisted during re-alimentation until these tissues had been fully repleted. Further, the repletion of these tissues required an increase in protein deposition, and it was a combination of these two mechanisms that was responsible for compensatory growth during the first 12 weeks of re-alimentation.

scholarly journals Effect of the Inclusion of Different Levels of Dietary Cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) on Gilts’ Biochemical Parameters and Feed Intake during Lactation

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1881
Author(s):  
Ruy Ortiz ◽  
Manuel López ◽  
Rosa E. Pérez ◽  
Paola de la Paz Ramírez ◽  
Gerardo Ordaz
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Swine Production ◽  
Opuntia Ficus Indica ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Different Levels

The regulation of sows’ metabolic state during the gestation-lactation transition is a requirement for a higher feed intake in lactation, an important aspect in improving animal welfare in current swine production systems. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of different cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica L.) levels in the diet of gilts during late gestation and lactation on their biochemical parameters and voluntary feed intake during lactation. From day 85 of gestation until weaning, 40 gilts were divided into four groups: GNC (group with no cactus) with a basal diet (BD) only, G1C; group with 1% inclusion of cactus plus BD, G2C; group with 1.5% inclusion of cactus plus BD, and G3C; group with 2% inclusion of cactus plus BD. The dietary cactus supplementation increased the gilts’ feed intake (by 1.04 kg/day on average) during lactation and reduced their weight loss (4.3%) at weaning. The glucose concentrations were higher (range 73.0–83.9 mg/dL) in the GNC. The GNC had the highest triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations at day 100 of gestation. G3C had the highest osteocalcin concentration at day 100 of gestation. The highest feed intake and lowest glucose concentration were achieved with a cactus consumption of 1.04% in lactating gilts.

scholarly journals Body composition of goat kids during sucking. Voluntary feed intake

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Sanz Sampelayo ◽  
I. Ruiz ◽  
F. Gil ◽  
J. Boza
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Dietary Regimen ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Goat’S Milk ◽  
Milk Substitute ◽  
Goat's Milk

The body composition of thirty-eight Granadina goat kids was measured. Six animals were slaughtered at birth while the remainder were kept individually at an environmental temperature of 24±2° and a relative humidity of 60±5%. They were given goat's milk or a milk-substitute at two planes of nutrition until 15 or 30 d of age and then slaughtered. The goat's milk and milk-substitute contained 260.4 and 222.0 g digestible protein/kg and 23.23 and 20.85 MJ metabolizable energy/kg respectively. Voluntary feed intake as metabolizable energy was a function of metabolic body-weight (kg W0.75), equivalent to 2.42 and 2.44 times the energy requirement for maintenance for goat's milk- and milk-substitute-fed animals respectively. There was a high degree of correlation between the empty-body concentration of dry matter, fat and energy and empty-body-weight (P < 0.001) or animal age (P < 0.001), and between body-weight and animal age (P < 0.001). The relationships between empty-body composition and empty-body-weight were independent of type of milk or plane of nutrition. In contrast relationships between empty-body composition or empty-body-weight and animal age were affected by the type of milk and, over all, by the plane of nutrition. All these results show that in these animals any body-weight will have a similar composition, but it will be reached earlier or later depending on dietary regimen and always with the limitation of voluntary intake.

The Weight Loss Effects of Branched Chain Amino Acids and Vitamin B6: A Randomized Controlled Trial on Obese and Overweight Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 88 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 80-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Shakibay Novin ◽  
Saeed Ghavamzadeh ◽  
Alireza Mehdizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio ◽  
Branched Chain

Abstract. Branched chain amino acids (BCAA), with vitamin B6 have been reported to improve fat metabolism and muscle synthesis. We hypothesized that supplementation with BCAA and vitamin B6 would result in more weight loss and improve body composition and blood markers related to cardiovascular diseases. Our aim was to determine whether the mentioned supplementation would affect weight loss, body composition, and cardiovascular risk factors during weight loss intervention. To this end, we performed a placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial in 42 overweight and obese women (BMI = 25–34.9 kg/m2). Taking a four-week moderate deficit calorie diet (–500 kcal/day), participants were randomized to receive BCAA (6 g/day) with vitamin B6 (40 mg/day) or placebo. Body composition variables measured with the use of bioelectrical impedance analysis, homeostatic model assessment, and plasma insulin, Low density lipoprotein, High density lipoprotein, Total Cholesterol, Triglyceride, and fasting blood sugar were measured. The result indicated that, weight loss was not significantly affected by BCAA and vitamin B6 supplementation (–2.43 ± 1.02 kg) or placebo (–1.64 ± 1.48 kg). However, significant time × treatment interactions in waist to hip ratio (P = 0.005), left leg lean (P = 0.004) and right leg lean (P = 0.023) were observed. Overall, supplementation with BCAA and vitamin B6 could preserve legs lean and also attenuated waist to hip ratio.

scholarly journals Weight Cycling in Women: Adaptation or Risk?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katelyn J. Carey ◽  
Wendy Vitek
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Surrogate Markers ◽  
Weight Cycling ◽  
Gut Peptides

AbstractObesity, dieting, and weight cycling are common among reproductive-age women. Weight cycling refers to intentional weight loss followed by unintentional weight regain. Weight loss is accompanied by changes in gut peptides, adipose hormones, and energy expenditure that promote weight regain to a tightly regulated set point. While weight loss can improve body composition and surrogate markers of cardiometabolic health, it is hypothesized that the weight regain can result in an overshoot effect, resulting in excess weight gain, altered body composition, and negative effects on surrogate markers of cardiometabolic health. Numerous observational studies have examined the association of weight cycling and health outcomes. There appears to be modest association between weight cycling with type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia in women, but no association with hypertension, cardiovascular events, and overall cancer risk. Interestingly, mild weight cycling may be associated with a decreased risk of overall and cardiovascular mortality. Little is known about the effects of weight cycling in the preconception period. Although obesity and weight gain are associated with pregnancy complications, preconception weight loss does not appear to mitigate the risk of most pregnancy complications related to obesity. Research on preconception weight cycling may provide insight into this paradox.

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