Calving Ease and Growth Rate of Simmental-Sired Calves. I. Factors Affecting Calving Ease and Growth Rate

SummaryData on gestation period of 701 indigenous East African and Galla does and pre- and postweaning growth of 810 pure-bred and cross-bred kids were analysed by least squares statistical analysis. Breeds of kids were East African, Galla, Toggenburg × East African, Toggenburg × Galla, Anglo-Nubian × East African and Anglo-Nubian × Galla. Average gestation length was 149 days and was significantly (P < 0·05) affected by type of birth of the kid, year–month of kidding, and age of dam. Does carrying twins had shorter gestation length than does carrying singles. Sex and breed of kid did not have significant effect on gestation length.Significant (P < 0·05) factors affecting birth weight, weight at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 210 and 270 days of age, and preweaning growth rate were breed and sex of kid, type of birth, year–month and age of dam. Male kids grew faster and were heavier than females. Kids born single were heavier and grew faster than twin-born kids. Kids from dams less than 3 years old weighed less than kids from older dams. Cross-bred kids had higher preweaning growth rates than indigenous pure-bred kids. The Anglo-Nubian × Galla cross was heaviest while the East African ranked lowest. The results point to importance of cross-breeding with temperate breeds to increase growth rates of indigenous goats. Comparison of Toggenburg and Anglo-Nubian sires for cross-breeding showed both buck breeds produced kids with roughly equal growth rates. Evaluation of indigenous Galla and East African dams for cross-breeding showed Galla dams produced heavier kids than East African but preweaning growth rates were not significantly different.

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Early Life History of Fishes in the San Francisco Estuary and Watershed

Early Life History of Fishes in the San Francisco Estuary and Watershed ◽

10.47886/9781888569599.ch13 ◽

2004 ◽

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

San Francisco ◽

Striped Bass ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Early Life History ◽

San Francisco Estuary ◽

Annual Growth ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Juvenile Abundance ◽

History Of

<em>Abstract.</em>—We investigated factors affecting growth of larval striped bass <em>Morone saxatilis </em>in the San Francisco Estuary from 1984 to 1993. We estimated ages and growth rates of larval striped bass from daily otolith increments. Mean annual growth rates of 6–14 mm standard length striped bass varied from 0.13 to 0.27mm/d, the lowest rate occurring in 1989 and the highest in 1992. The 1989 growth rate was significantly lower than all other years, and growth rates for 1992 and 1993 were significantly higher than all other years, but did not differ from one another. Differences in annual growth rates apparently were due mainly to differences in mean annual prey densities because growth rate increased as prey density increased. Compared to both laboratory measured growth rates and growth rates of field-caught Chesapeake Bay larvae, growth rates from the San Francisco Estuary appeared to be high for the food available, indicating that larvae can grow at relatively high rates even at low prey densities. Correlation analyses did not support density-dependent control of growth rates. Growth rate was not significantly related to mean annual conductivity, water temperature, mortality rates, or the juvenile abundance index, but was significantly and positively correlated with densities of 1-mm length-groups of 9–14-mm striped bass.

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Gastronomy Tourism Growth in Malaysia: A Case Study of Malay Restaurants Performance in Klang Valley

Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Education ◽

10.3126/jthe.v10i0.28731 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 8-21

Author(s):

Raja Puteri Saadiah Raja Abdullah ◽

Siti Suriawati Isa

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Soft Power ◽

Rate Performance ◽

Business Growth ◽

Internal Factors ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Klang Valley ◽

Survey Questionnaires

Today one of the most popular niche tourism markets is gastronomy tourism. The popularity of gastronomy tourism is also called as soft power approaches by some tourism scholars. This niche market is part of cultural and ecotourism market. Malaysia is recognized as a multi-ethnic and multi cultural country that includes countless ethnics such as Malay, Chinese, Indian and others. Although Malay leads the major ethnics in Malaysia, Malay restaurant less likely can stay longer in the industry. There are several factors from previous cases involve in Malay restaurants that result to this ethnic’s restaurant fail to survive. Since Malaysia is a multi-ethnic country the food in Malaysia have combination from all ethnics and unique in its own way. Each state in Malaysia has their own dishes and some dishes may diff er from another state. Since Malay or Bumi putra ethnic comprises the biggest ethnic in Malaysia with more than half of the country’s population, the objective of this study was to analyze the internal factors affecting business growth performance in Malay ethnic restaurant. Survey questionnaires were distributed to selected Malay restaurants to find out about their growth rate performance.

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Investigation of main factors affecting the growth rate of Spirulina

Optik ◽

10.1016/j.ijleo.2016.04.125 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 127 (16) ◽

pp. 6688-6694 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Wen-qing Shi ◽

Si-dong Li ◽

Gao-rong Li ◽

Wen-hua Wang ◽

Qing-xiang Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Main Factors

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Lime chlorosis and other factors affecting the distribution of Eucalyptus on coastal sands in Southern Australia

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt9670095 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 95 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

RF Parsons ◽

RL Specht

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Growth Rates ◽

The Other ◽

Alkaline Soils ◽

Acidic Soils ◽

Calcareous Sand ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Physiological Tolerance ◽

Calcareous Sands ◽

Beach Sands

In southern Australia, deep calcareous and deep siliceous sands each carry a distinctive assemblage of eucalypts. Three of these species with contrasting edaphic ranges were investigated: Eucalyptus baxteri, which is widespread on acidic soils and is never found on highly alkaline soils like the calcareous sands; E. incrassata, which is widespread on acidic and neutral soils, occurs occasionally on some highly alkaline soils, but is also absent from calcareous beach sands; and E. diversifolia, which is found on both acidic and highly alkaline soils and is widespread on calcareous beach sands. All three species occur on siliceous sands, with E. baxteri in wetter areas than the other two species. Comparative pot experiments in which typical calcareous and siliceous sands were used showed that: (1) E. baxteri is stunted by severe lime chlorosis when grown on calcareous sand, while the other two species are not affected. (2) E. baxteri markedly outyields the other two species on siliceous sands. It is suggested that E. baxteri is absent from calcareous sands because it is physiologically intolerant of highly alkaline soils, and that E. baxteri replaces the other two species on the wetter siliceous sands because its faster growth rate enables it to outcompete them when rainfall is adequate. However, the slower growth rates of E. diversifolia and E. incrassata will be accompanied by slower rates of water use and this may give them an advantage over E. baxteri on drier siliceous sands. The wide edaphic range of E. diversifolia is considered to be the outcome of the wide physiological tolerance of individual plants rather than of intraspecific differentiation.

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Acoustic Cavitation Behavior in Isopropyl Alcohol Added Cleaning Solution

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.195.169 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 195 ◽

pp. 169-172

Author(s):

Bong Kyun Kang ◽

Ji Hyun Jeong ◽

Min Su Kim ◽

Hong Seong Sohn ◽

Ahmed A. Busnaina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Bubble Growth ◽

Bubble Collapse ◽

Particle Removal ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Ultrasound Field ◽

Cavitation Threshold ◽

The Difference ◽

Cavitation Behavior

As the semiconductor manufacturing technology for ultra-high integration devices continue to shrink beyond 32 nm, stringent measures have to be taken to get damage free patterns during the cleaning process. The patterns are no longer cleaned with the megasonic (MS) irradiation in the advanced device node because of severe pattern damages caused by cleaning. Recently, several investigations are carried out to control the cavitation effects of megasonic to reduce the pattern damages. The mechanism of damage caused by an unstable acoustic bubble motion was mainly attributed to the high sound pressure associated with violent bubble collapse [1]. In order to characterize the dominant factors affecting the cavitation, MS cleaning was conducted with various dissolved gas concentrations in water. It was reported that the cavitation phenomena relating to particle removal efficiency (PRE) and pattern damage were considerably changed with the addition of a specific gas [2]. This changing behavior may be due to the difference in the physical properties of dissolved gases associated with acoustic bubble growth rate as a function of their concentration. In particular, cavitation effects induced during MS cleaning was controlled by adjusting the acoustic bubble growth rate. Also the change of bubble growth rate is well explained by both rectified diffusion for single bubble and bubble coalescence for multi-bubble, respectively. Similarly, it is well-known that surface active solute (SAS) in the ultrasound field plays an important role in controlling the cavitation effects. A detailed explanation of the acoustic bubble growth rate, cavitation threshold and their relationship with various types of SAS and concentration of biomedical and chemical reactions perspective have been reported elsewhere [3,4]. Their studies demonstrated that the change of cavitation effects depends not only on the chain length of alcohol in the solution but also on the physical properties such as surface tension and viscosity of SAS solutions.

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Factors Affecting Relative Growth Rate of Lettuce and Spinach in Hydroponics in a Greenhouse

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci12477-17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (12) ◽

pp. 1742-1747

Author(s):

Martin P.N. Gent

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Multiple Linear Regression ◽

Relative Growth Rate ◽

Relative Increase ◽

Solution Temperature ◽

Area Index ◽

Relative Growth ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Daily Light Integral

Relative growth rate (RGR), the relative increase in weight per day, can analyze the effect of environment and nutrition on growth. I examined which of the parameters responding to plant growth scaled according to RGR for lettuce and spinach grown in heated greenhouses in hydroponics with control of the nutrient solution. The experiments for lettuce in 2006–08 included all times of year, high vs. low temperature, and effect of withdrawal of nitrogen. There were four parameters that were significant in multiple linear regression vs. RGR; irradiance divided by leaf area index if it was greater than one, or normalized daily light integral (NDLI), solution temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), and logarithm solution nitrate when it was between 3 and 55 mg·L−1 N. NDLI had the most significant coefficient, but the other parameters had regression coefficients more than three times se. For experiments on spinach in 2009–10, all the parameters mentioned previously were significant in multiple linear regression vs. RGR, except EC. The coefficient for NDLI in spinach was about half the value in lettuce. The coefficients for solution temperature and low nitrate were two and three times that in lettuce. In a third set of experiments on lettuce in 1996–98, solution temperature was the only significant parameter among those mentioned previously. The coefficient for solution temperature was similar to that for regression of lettuce in 2006–08.

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The relationship of skin follicle development to growth rate in sheep.

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9550308 ◽

1955 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 308 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

PG Schinckel

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

Considerable Importance ◽

Follicle Development ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Observations are reported on factors affecting the ratio of secondary to primary follicles (SJP) in a flock of Merino sheep.It was found that all follicles were initiated prior to birth but that the number which finally came to maturity (production of fibre) was significantly affected by birth weight and growth from birth to 1 month. Growth at later ages appeared to be unimportant. There was a significant correlation (r = +0.29) between birth weight and log potential S/P at birth. This is interpreted to indicate that while pre-natal growth conditions affect the number of follicles initiated, other factors are also of considerable importance. It is concluded that the larger animals at birth also have a greater total number of primary follicles than smaller animals. It is further concluded that this difference in total primary follicles results primarily from differences in size a t the 90th day of pre-natal life rather than from differences in density a t that time.

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CHEMICAL WEED KILLERS: V. RELATIVE TOXICITY OF SELECTED CHEMICALS TO PLANTS GROWN IN CULTURE SOLUTION, AND THE USE OF RELATIVE GROWTH RATE AS A CRITERION OF TOXICITY

Canadian Journal of Research ◽

10.1139/cjr37c-039 ◽

1937 ◽

Vol 15c (11) ◽

pp. 520-537 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

W. H. Cook

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Relative Growth Rate ◽

Standard Error ◽

Culture Solution ◽

Logarithmic Scale ◽

Relative Toxicity ◽

Relative Growth ◽

Dosage Range ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Final Weight

Substances previously found to be highly toxic when applied to annuals as a spray were also found to be most toxic when added to culture solution. The results by the two methods, however, do not agree as far as the less poisonous chemicals are concerned, certain substances being comparatively more toxic in culture solution than as a spray, and vice versa. These discrepancies can be explained by the fact that the dosage in culture solution was varied by adjusting the concentration, whereas in the spraying test it was varied by altering the volume of spray.The time between treatment and death of the plant generally decreases as the dosage is increased over a limited dosage range, but varies with different chemicals, and appears to be independent of their inherent toxicity.The size of the plant is seriously reduced at dosages that produce no mortality. The final weight, however, was unsatisfactory as a criterion of toxicity since it was extremely variable. The interfering factors affecting the final weight were taken into account by computing the relative growth rate. The curve relating growth rate and dosage is slightly concave upwards when the dosage is plotted on an arithmetical scale and linear when plotted on a logarithmic scale. The position and slope of the line depends on the chemical. The standard error of duplicate tests increases as the growth rate decreases. On the average, complete mortality occurred at a growth rate of − 2.44% per day under the conditions of these experiments, but this is subject to variation due to differences between duplicates, chemicals, and series (plants grown at different times).Analyses of the culture solutions containing chlorates showed that the amount of chlorate taken up by the plant increased with the concentration present in the culture solution. Nevertheless, only a small, relatively constant proportion of the chlorate present was taken up by the plant at all concentrations.

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Patterns of metamorphic age and length in marine fishes, from individuals to taxa

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f00-019 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 856-869 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Hugues P Benoît ◽

Pierre Pepin ◽

Joseph A Brown

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Population Level ◽

Individual Variability ◽

Marine Fishes ◽

Exponential Relationship ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

The Mean ◽

Time Required ◽

Increasing Temperature ◽

Dominant Influence

We present a summary of variability in age and length at metamorphosis for marine fishes. Data from the literature were partitioned into taxonomic, population, and individual levels of resolution to examine the factors affecting the timing of metamorphosis. Temperature appears to be a dominant influence on timing, likely due to its effect on growth rate. Interspecifically, length at metamorphosis correlated poorly with that at hatching but was significantly related to temperature. This pattern was inconsistent for population-level comparisons. Metamorphic age decreased exponentially with increasing temperature in interspecific and population-level comparisons but did not covary with length for either level of resolution. This suggests that age at metamorphosis largely reflects the time required to grow to a given metamorphic length. Within populations, the correlation between metamorphic age and length increases with growth rate, a reflection of variance in age and length. A strong exponential relationship between mean metamorphic age and length and their associated variability (SD) exists, with a slope greater than unity in both cases (i.e., variability increases relative to the mean). With these relationships, we can infer the manner in which individual variability in metamorphic traits is generated throughout ontogeny. These results are considered in light of recruitment variability in marine fishes.

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