Features of anesthesia during ophthalmic interventions in children with perinatal lesions of the central nervous system

2021 ◽  
pp. 192-195
Author(s):  
M.V. Stolyarov ◽  
◽  
S.I. Utkin ◽  
E.A. Bachinin ◽  
D.Y. Ignatenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Postoperative Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Anesthesia Induction ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Ophthalmic Surgery ◽  
Inhalation Anesthesia ◽  
Sodium Thiopental ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Waking Up

Purpose. To study the frequency and severity of hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome in children planning to undergo ophthalmic surgery, to assess the adequacy of the anesthesia performed. Material and methods. The clinical material was selected by the method of continuous sampling from 4 637 children. Of these, two age groups were formed. The 1st group consisted of 220 children under the age of 6 years, to whom the induction of anesthesia was carried out with the drug «Sevoran». Group 2 included 56 older children (from 7 to 17 years old), who received anesthesia induction with propofol or sodium thiopental. Both groups were comparable in terms of the severity of the hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome. Results. Throughout the entire operating period, no complications arose in any case. Within 1–3 hours after waking up, 32 children of the 1st group and 6 children of the 2nd group complained of an isolated headache. Postoperative nausea and vomiting were observed in 22 children of the 1st group and 6 children of the 2nd group. In 30% of cases in children of the 1st group, postoperative reactions were expressed by aggressive behavior, disorientation in place and time, violation of behavioral reactions. In group 2, such reactions were detected only in 10% of cases. All negative manifestations were arrested by parenteral administration of midazolam at a dose of 3–5 mg. Conclusion. For the induction of anesthesia in young children with the presence of hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome, the optimal use of the drug «Sevoran». The drugs of choice for anesthesia in children over 6 years of age are propofol and sodium thiopental. The use of artificial ventilation in a moderate hyperventilation mode avoids an increase in intracranial pressure. Adequate analgesia avoids many adverse reactions. Keywords: hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome, general inhalation anesthesia, ophthalmic surgery.

scholarly journals Verbal fluency in school-aged Spanish children: analysis of clustering and switching organizational strategies, employing different semantic categories and letters

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-458
Author(s):  
María del Pino Sánchez López ◽  
Francisco Román Lapuente ◽  
María J. García-Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Semantic Category ◽  
Semantic Fluency ◽  
Organizational Strategies ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Letter Group ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

La tarea de fluidez verbal (FV) es una medida de la flexibilidad cognitiva y la estrategia de búsqueda dentro del léxico y el tema semántico. En este trabajo, se probó el uso de estrategias organizativas, es decir, agrupación y cambio en la fluidez semántica y fonológica en niños españoles sanos divididos en dos grupos: el grupo 1 de niños más pequeños (de 8 a 9 años) y el grupo 2 de niños mayores (de 10 años de edad) –11) introducción de diferentes letras (F, A, S y P, M, R) y categorías semánticas (animales y comidas o bebidas). La fluidez semántica fue mayor que la fluidez fonológica en ambos grupos de edad. Además, los niños mayores mostraron un mejor desempeño de ambas fluencias que los niños más pequeños específicamente para el grupo de letras FAS, la letra M y todas las categorías semánticas utilizadas. A partir de los análisis fonológicos, los niños más pequeños evocaron más palabras con el grupo de letras PMR que con el grupo FAS. Además, solo se observó una mejora en la fluidez semántica asociada con la categoría del animal frente a las comidas y bebidas en el grupo de niños más pequeños. Con respecto a las estrategias organizativas, los niños mayores usaron más interruptores específicamente en el grupo FAS y más grupos para la categoría de comidas o bebidas en comparación con el grupo de niños mayores. Para finalizar, las relaciones entre el número de palabras evocadas y el número de clústeres y conmutadores para ambas tareas de FV fueron significativas y positivas. Estos datos sugieren que el tipo de letra y la categoría semántica empleada en la evaluación de FV modulan el rendimiento de fluidez verbal en ambos grupos de edad. The verbal fluency (VF) task is a measure of cognitive flexibility and search strategy within the lexicon and semantic topic. In this work the use of organizational strategies, i.e., clustering and switching in semantic and phonological fluency was tested in healthy Spanish children divided in two groups: group 1 of younger children (age 8–9) and group 2 of older children (age 10–11) introducing different letters (F, A, S and P, M, R) and semantic categories (animals and meals or drinks). Semantic fluency was greater than phonological fluency in both age groups. In addition, older children showed better performance of both fluencies than younger children specifically for FAS letters group, M letter and all of semantic categories used. From the phonological analyses, younger children evoked more word with the PMR letter group than with the FAS one. Moreover, an improvement of semantic fluency associated with the animal’s category faced to meals and drink was observed only in the younger children group. In respect to organizational strategies, older children used more switches specifically in FAS group and more clusters for the meals or drinks category compared with the older children group. To finish, the relationships between the number of words evoked and the number of clusters and switches for both VF tasks were significant and positive. These data suggest that the type of letter and the semantic category employed in the VF evaluation modulate the verbal fluency performance in both groups of age

Effects of Task Demands on Throwing Performance of Children

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 503-506
Author(s):  
Jane B. Moore ◽  
T. Gilmour Reeve
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Target Size ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Radial Error ◽  
Throwing Accuracy ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right

This study examined the effects of cast demands on the throwing performance of 6 boys and 6 girls in each of three age groups: 5–6, 7–8, and 9–10 yr. Each child was asked to throw a small yarnball five times in three conditions of no target, small target (30 cm diameter), and large target (46 cm diameter) from 8-ft. distance. Throwing accuracy was measured as vertical and horizontal deviations from the center of the throwing surface, or target, and expressed as radial error. A 3 (age group) × 2 (sex) × 3 (target size) analysis of variance with repeated measures on target size gave significant effects for age and sex. As expected, older children were more accurate than younger ones, and boys were more accurate than girls. Target size was nonsignificant. Radial error was decomposed into the horizontal and vertical deviations from center. The youngest children had greater horizontal deviation to the right than the older children. The older children showed least vertical deviation. Boys tended to underthrow the target consistently while younger girls' throwing undershot target but the older ones overshot. Throwing accuracy did not vary with target size and so the size of the target was not an important feature of the task.

RTS,S/AS01, a vaccine targeting pre-erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-537
Author(s):  
Lorenz von Seidlein ◽  
Borimas Hanboonkunupakarn ◽  
Podjanee Jittmala ◽  
Sasithon Pukrittayakamee
Keyword(s):  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Pivotal Phase ◽  
Malaria Epidemiology ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Sub Saharan

RTS,S/AS01 is the most advanced vaccine to prevent malaria. It is safe and moderately effective. A large pivotal phase III trial in over 15 000 young children in sub-Saharan Africa completed in 2014 showed that the vaccine could protect around one-third of children (aged 5–17 months) and one-fourth of infants (aged 6–12 weeks) from uncomplicated falciparum malaria. The European Medicines Agency approved licensing and programmatic roll-out of the RTSS vaccine in malaria endemic countries in sub-Saharan Africa. WHO is planning further studies in a large Malaria Vaccine Implementation Programme, in more than 400 000 young African children. With the changing malaria epidemiology in Africa resulting in older children at risk, alternative modes of employment are under evaluation, for example the use of RTS,S/AS01 in older children as part of seasonal malaria prophylaxis. Another strategy is combining mass drug administrations with mass vaccine campaigns for all age groups in regional malaria elimination campaigns. A phase II trial is ongoing to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the RTSS in combination with antimalarial drugs in Thailand. Such novel approaches aim to extract the maximum benefit from the well-documented, short-lasting protective efficacy of RTS,S/AS01.

CLINICAL AND LABORATORY PECULIARITIES OF WHOOPING COUGH IN CHILDREN OF DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
I.V. Babachenko ◽  
◽  
Y.V. Nesterova ◽  
N.V. Skripchenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Respiratory Rhythm ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Sick Children ◽  
Hematological Changes ◽  
Group 1

Objective of the research: to present the clinical and laboratory peculiarities of modern whooping cough in hospitalized children of different ages. Materials and methods: сlinical and laboratory characteristics of whooping cough were analyzed in 88 hospitalized sick children aged 1 month to 18 years in groups of children: group 1 – children under 1 year old; group 2 – children 1–6 years old; group 3 – children 7–17 years old. DNA of causative agents of pertussis infection was isolated by PCR in nasopharyngeal swabs using a commercial kit AmpliSens®Bordetella multi-FL (Moscow). Results: children of group 1 in 90% (n=43) of cases were not vaccinated against whooping cough, severe forms were recorded in 17% (n=8) of children of the 1st year of life, and in 15% (n=7) – due to respiratory rhythm disturbances. The diagnosis was confirmed by PCR in 94% (n=45) of children, leukocytosis with lymphocytosis was detected in 81,5% (n=101). Along with hematological changes typical for whooping cough, 79% (n=38) of patients in the first year of life had thrombocytosis (>400×109/l), which was most pronounced in severe disease course 511,5 [425; 568,5]×109/l vs 421 [347; 505,5]×109/l; p<0,05, which has no tendency to decrease throughout the entire observation period and correlates with the level of leukocytes (rs=0,69; p<0,001). Patients over 7 years old in 88% (n=21) of cases were vaccinated against whooping cough, but 79% (n=27) hemograms had no characteristic changes, which, along with a low frequency of confirmation of the diagnosis by PCR 22% (n=4), made it difficult to diagnose whooping cough. Conclusion: children over 7 years of age may not have characteristic hematological changes and PCR diagnostics are insufficiently effective, which contributes to the spread of whooping cough in family foci.

scholarly journals Effects of pre-emptive pregabalin and multimodal anesthesia on postoperative opioid requirements in patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy

BMC Urology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sisa ◽  
S. Huoponen ◽  
O. Ettala ◽  
H. Antila ◽  
T. I. Saari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Multimodal Analgesia ◽  
Opioid Consumption ◽  
Anesthesia Induction ◽  
Anesthesia Care ◽  
Post Anesthesia Care Unit ◽  
Robot Assisted ◽  
Ctrl Group ◽  
Laparoscopic Prostatectomy ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Previous findings indicate that pre-emptive pregabalin as part of multimodal anesthesia reduces opioid requirements compared to conventional anesthesia in patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP). However, recent studies show contradictory evidence suggesting that pregabalin does not reduce postoperative pain or opioid consumption after surgeries. We conducted a register-based analysis on RALP patients treated over a 5-year period to evaluate postoperative opioid consumption between two multimodal anesthesia protocols. Methods We retrospectively evaluated patients undergoing RALP between years 2015 and 2019. Patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists status 1–3, age between 30 and 80 years and treated with standard multimodal anesthesia were included in the study. Pregabalin (PG) group received 150 mg of oral pregabalin as premedication before anesthesia induction, while the control (CTRL) group was treated conventionally. Postoperative opioid requirements were calculated as intravenous morphine equivalent doses for both groups. The impact of pregabalin on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), and length of stay (LOS) was evaluated. Results We included 245 patients in the PG group and 103 in the CTRL group. Median (IQR) opioid consumption over 24 postoperative hours was 15 (8–24) and 17 (8–25) mg in PG and CTRL groups (p = 0.44). We found no difference in postoperative opioid requirement between the two groups in post anesthesia care unit, or within 12 h postoperatively (p = 0.16; p = 0.09). The length of post anesthesia care unit stay was same in each group and there was no difference in PONV Similarly, median postoperative LOS was 31 h in both groups. Conclusion Patients undergoing RALP and receiving multimodal analgesia do not need significant amount of opioids postoperatively and can be discharged soon after the procedure. Pre-emptive administration of oral pregabalin does not reduce postoperative opioid consumption, PONV or LOS in these patients.

639 An exploratory study of parents-child co-sleeping in Korea

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A250-A250
Author(s):  
Solbi Kang ◽  
Seockhoon Chung ◽  
Sooyeon Suh
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
T Test ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Bed Sharing ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Waking Up ◽  
Children’S Sleep ◽  
Insomnia Severity

Abstract Introduction Asian cultures, including Korea, are known to have a higher proportion of parent-child co-sleeping than Western cultures. While recent studies have shown that bed-sharing increases the mother’s depression and causes sleep problems for children, there has never been a study in Asia on the sleep problems of parents and children caused by co-sleeping. Therefore, we aim to investigate the types of sleep problems in children and their mothers’ insomnia severity due to co-sleeping. Methods This study was conducted in 79 mothers (mean age 33.65 ±3.98 years) who reported having insomnia due to their children. All participants had children between 6 to 36 months old. Participants were asked to answer the survey includes demographics, sleep environment, child’s sleep problems, child’s health status items and the mother’s insomnia (measured by the Insomnia Severity Index; ISI). Children’s age was divided into 5 age groups (6 – 11, 12 - 17, 18 - 23, 24 - 29, and 30 to 36 months). Frequency analysis and independent t-test were conducted. Results Of the total respondents, 72.2% (n=57) reported co-sleeping with their children. The most reported sleep problem in children was waking up in the middle of the night 51.9% (n=41), followed by difficulty in sleep initiation 12.7% (n=10), looking for mother or an attachment object 12.7% (n=10), sleep-limiting problems 7.5% (n=6), multiple problems 12.7% (n=10), and none 2.5% (n=2). An independent t-test results for determining whether co-sleeping caused a difference in the severity of maternal insomnia was significant in the 6 to 11 months group only (t=-2.336, p&lt;.05). The co-sleeping mother’s ISI average score (M=18.28) was significantly higher than mother who slept separate from her child (M=14.31). Conclusion Co-sleeping in Asian cultures is prevalent, and may require attention and intervention for mothers who report having insomnia due to their children’s sleep disturbance. Support (if any):

scholarly journals Incidence of childhood injuries and modifiable household risk factors in rural Ghana: a multistage, cluster-randomised, population-based, household survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e039243
Author(s):  
Adam Gyedu ◽  
Barclay T Stewart ◽  
Easmon Otupiri ◽  
Kajal Mehta ◽  
Peter Donkor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Sampling Weights ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Childhood Injuries ◽  
Rural Ghana

ObjectiveWe aimed to describe the incidence of childhood household injuries and prevalence of modifiable household risk factors in rural Ghana to inform prevention initiatives.Setting357 randomly selected households in rural Ghana.ParticipantsCaregivers of children aged <5 years.Primary and secondary outcome measuresChildhood injuries that occurred within 6 months and 200 metres of the home that resulted in missed school/work, hospitalisation and/or death. Sampling weights were applied, injuries were described and multilevel regression was used to identify risk factors.ResultsCaregivers from 357 households had a mean age of 35 years (SD 12.8) and often supervised ≥2 children (51%). Households typically used biomass fuels (84%) on a cookstove outside the home (79%). Cookstoves were commonly <1 metre of the ground (95%). Weighted incidence of childhood injury was 542 per 1000 child-years. Falls (37%), lacerations (24%), burns (12%) and violence (12%) were common mechanisms. There were differences in mechanism across age groups (p<0.01), but no gender differences (p=0.25). Presence of older children in the home (OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.24; adjusted OR (aOR) 0.26, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.54) and cooking outside the home (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.42; aOR 0.25, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.49) were protective against injury, but other common modifiable risk factors (eg, stove height, fuel type, secured cabinets) were not.ConclusionsChildhood injuries occurred frequently in rural Ghana. Several common modifiable household risk factors were not associated with an increase in household injuries. Presence of older children was a protective factor, suggesting that efforts to improve supervision of younger children might be effective prevention strategies.

Optimal Propofol Plasma Concentration during Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in Young, Middle-aged, and Elderly Patients

2000 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 662-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomiei Kazama ◽  
Ken Takeuchi ◽  
Kazuyuki Ikeda ◽  
Takehiko Ikeda ◽  
Mutsuhito Kikura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Hemodynamic Responses ◽  
Verbal Command ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Somatic Response ◽  
Group 1

Background Suitable propofol plasma concentrations during gastroscopy have not been determined for suppressing somatic and hemodynamic responses in different age groups. Methods Propofol sedation at target plasma concentrations from 0.5 to 4.0 microgram/ml were performed randomly in three groups of patients (23 per group) who were undergoing elective outpatient gastroscopy: ages 17-49 yr (group 1), 50-69 yr (group 2), and 70-89 yr (group 3). Plasma propofol concentration in which 50% of patients do not respond to these different stimuli were determined by logistic regression: verbal command (Cp50ls), somatic response to gastroscopy (Cp50endo), and gag response to gastroscopy (Cp50gag). Hemodynamic responses were also investigated in the different age groups. Results Cp50ls concentrations were 2.23 microgram/ml (group 1), 1.75 microgram/ml (group 2), and 1.40 microgram/ml (group 3). The Cp50endo values in groups 1 and 2 were 2.87 and 2.34 microgram/ml, respectively, which were significantly higher than their respective Cp50ls values. Cp50endo value in group 3 was 1.64 microgram/ml, which was close to its Cp50ls value. Because of a high degree of interpatient variability, Cp50gag could not be defined. Systolic blood pressure response decreased with increasing propofol concentrations. Conclusions The authors determined the propofol concentration necessary for gastroscopy and showed that increasing age reduces it. Propofol concentration that suppresses somatic response induces loss of consciousness in almost all young patients.

Grading scale of radiographic findings in the public bone and symphysis in athletes

2003 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
J. Besjakov ◽  
C. von Scheele ◽  
O. Ekberg ◽  
C. F. Gentz ◽  
N. E. Westlin
Keyword(s):  
Groin Pain ◽  
Pelvic Ring ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pubic Bone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Bone Changes ◽  
Grading Scale ◽  
Group 2

Purpose: Radiographic abnormalities in the pubic bone and symphysis are often seen in athletes with groin pain. The aim was to create a grading scale of such radiologic changes. Material and Methods: Plain radiography of the pelvic ring including the pubic bone and the symphysis was performed in 20 male athletes, age 19–35, with long-standing uni- or bilateral groin pain. We used two control groups: Control group 1: 20 healthy age-matched men who had undergone radiologic examination of the pelvis due to trauma. Control group 2: 120 adults (66 men and 54 women) in 9 age groups between 15 and 90 years of age. These examinations were also evaluated for interobserver variance. Results and Conclusion: The grading scale was based on the type and the amount of the different changes, which were classified as follows: No bone changes (grade 0), slight bone changes (grade 1), intermediate changes (grade 2), and advanced changes (grade 3). The grading scale is easy to interpret and an otherwise troublesome communication between the radiologist and the physician was avoided. There was a high interobserver agreement with a high kappa value (0.8707). Male athletes with long-standing groin pain had abnormal bone changes in the symphysis significantly more frequently and more severely ( p>0.001) than their age-matched references. In asymptomatic individuals such abnormalities increased in frequency with age both in men and women.

scholarly journals Infant Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Unique Clinical and Biological Entity

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 777
Author(s):  
Charlotte Calvo ◽  
Odile Fenneteau ◽  
Guy Leverger ◽  
Arnaud Petit ◽  
André Baruchel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Biological Entity ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Megakaryoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Infant acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a rare subgroup of AML of children <2 years of age. It is as frequent as infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) but not clearly distinguished by study groups. However, infant AML demonstrates peculiar clinical and biological characteristics, and its prognosis differs from AML in older children. Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) is very frequent in this age group and has raised growing interest. Thus, AMKL is a dominant topic in this review. Recent genomic sequencing has contributed to our understanding of infant AML. These data demonstrated striking features of infant AML: fusion genes are able to induce AML transformation without additional cooperation, and unlike AML in older age groups there is a paucity of associated mutations. Mice modeling of these fusions showed the essential role of ontogeny in the infant leukemia phenotype compared to older children and adults. Understanding leukemogenesis may help in developing new targeted treatments to improve outcomes that are often very poor in this age group. A specific diagnostic and therapeutic approach for this age group should be investigated.

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