scholarly journals A COMPREHENSIVE METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE ENGINEERING CALCULATION PARAMETERS FOR THE CONSOLIDATION OF WATER-SATURATED VISCOUS SOILS

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 64-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Bezvolev
Keyword(s):  
Compressibility Factor ◽  
Engineering Calculation ◽  
Theoretical Expression ◽  
Soil Consolidation ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
Consolidation Coefficient ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Filtration Stage ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
Consolidation Parameters

The introductory part of the article describes varieties of water-saturated soils that have a significant viscous and filtration resistance to volumetric deformation. The engineering method of calculation developed for solving such problems was briefly described, its practical limitations and scope were noted. The main part of the article describes a combined methodology for the adequate definition of consolidation parameters of water-saturated viscous soils, according to the laboratory test by working load, by separating the stages of primary (filtration) and secondary (creeping) soil consolidation and matching their experimental plots with theoretical dependencies. An analysis of the method of calculating the soil filtration coefficient, which is often used in practice, is performed using the well-known theoretical expression of Terzagi in terms of the values of the consolidation and compressibility coefficients. This method can not be considered correct, because the compressibility factor is an indicator of the stabilized compression deformation, including its viscoplastic part, while in the Terzaghi formula, the magnitude of the consolidation coefficient corresponds solely to elastic-instantaneous deformations, characteristic only for the initial filtration stage. An example of the determination of the consolidation parameters of a water-saturated layer of fluid loam is considered when designing a pre-built erosion foundation for the construction of a residential micro-district in the marshy area. The methods of selection and testing of samples with an unstrained natural structure are described. The results of calculating the development over time of sediments of the natural layer of loam on the basis of the consolidation parameters obtained are given. In conclusion, it is noted that the developed methodology for determining parameters creates the backgrounds for the introduction in the project practice of effective methods of consolidation calculations that allow for the comprehensive consideration of conditions that affect the choice of rational type and design solutions of foundations.

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO SEARCH FOR RESERVES OF DECREASING COSTS IN THE BRANCHES OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cost Calculation ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
Prime Cost ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

In this article approaches to search for reserves of decrease in cost of agricultural production are considered. The methods of cost calculation of dairy cattle breeding products used at the studied enter-prise are analysed, short characteristic of the standard method offered by the Ministry of Agriculture is given, and calculations of alternative options are also carried out. Today creation of accounting of a production unit is very important so that not only weight units must be considered in it, but also the quali-tative structure of products must be reflected. Definition of qualitative characteristics and technological properties by production of milk which depend on use purposes can be an example. The raw materials consumption on a unit of production and its quality and also firmness of storage depends on technologi-cal properties of milk. At calculation of prime cost taking into account qualitative characteristics for cal-culation milk in terms of basic fat content undertakes. The method of calculation of prime cost consider-ing qualitative characteristics is the most expedient as prime cost of 1 c of milk unlike the operating tech-nique is lower. In the article analytical methods of reserves calculation for decrease in prime cost taking into account various factors are proved. The revealed reserves will allow an enterprise to expand its in-vestment opportunities in the future, they will give an additional incentive of modernization of the worn-out machinery and equipment in branches of agriculture.

Consolidation thermique par chaleur d'un sol non saturé

1991 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Saix
Keyword(s):  
Unsaturated Soil ◽  
Constitutive Law ◽  
Saturated Soils ◽  
Soil Consolidation ◽  
Thermal Compression ◽  
Triaxial Apparatus ◽  
Thermal Consolidation ◽  
Sol Non Saturé ◽  
Temperature Parameter ◽  
Definition Of

The thermal consolidation by heating of an unsaturated silty soil is studied by means of six tests performed in a thermal triaxial apparatus. The results show the importance of the temperature parameter and a clear similarity with the classical consolidation tests on saturated soils. A constitutive law is proposed for the thermal consolidation by heat that allows the definition of indices of thermal compression. This law is used to calculate the displacements in an unsaturated fill for heat storing. Key words: unsaturated soil, consolidation, heat, triaxial, modelling. [Translated by the Journal]

scholarly journals Origin of Probability in Quantum Mechanics and the Physical Interpretation of the Wave Function

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuming Wen
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Physical Mechanism ◽  
Theoretical Expression ◽  
Quantum Tunnelling ◽  
Tunnelling Effect ◽  
Physical Particle ◽  
Objective System ◽  
Energy Quantum ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract The theoretical calculation of quantum mechanics has been accurately verified by experiments, but Copenhagen interpretation with probability is still controversial. To find the source of the probability, we revised the definition of the energy quantum and reconstructed the wave function of the physical particle. Here, we found that the energy quantum ê is 6.62606896 ×10-34J instead of hν as proposed by Planck. Additionally, the value of the quality quantum ô is 7.372496 × 10-51 kg. This discontinuity of energy leads to a periodic non-uniform spatial distribution of the particles that transmit energy. A quantum objective system (QOS) consists of many physical particles whose wave function is the superposition of the wave functions of all physical particles. The probability of quantum mechanics originates from the distribution rate of the particles in a state in the QOS per unit volume at time t and near position r. Based on the revision of the energy quantum assumption and the origin of the probability, we proposed new certainty and uncertainty relationships, explained the physical mechanism of wave-function collapse and the quantum tunnelling effect, derived the quantum theoretical expression of double-slit and single-slit experiments.

scholarly journals Integral assessment of stress-defomated condition of metal structures of machines under the action of static and dynamic loads

2021 ◽  
pp. 188-196
Author(s):  
Ivan Nazarenko ◽  
◽  
Mykola Kuzminets ◽  
Oleg Dedov ◽  
Igor Zalіsko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Theory Of Elasticity ◽  
Dynamic Loads ◽  
Simultaneous Action ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Metal Structures ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Integral Assessment

The article considers a system that combines the influence of static on dynamic loads on the example of the support-rotary circuit of a truck construction crane. The position of the system and its elements with the highest loads is revealed, the method of creating steel structures is investigated, each element, depending on the average load, experiences a stress-strain state. The basic laws of the theory of elasticity and plasticity were used to build a calculated mathematical model of the loaded support-rotary circuit. Equations of motion were compiled taking into account the behavior of structural elements and the machine as a whole under the simultaneous action of different loads. The calculation scheme was taken in the form of a structure consisting of rods rigidly connected to each other in nodes. As a method of calculation the method of finite elements with definition of displacements (deformations), efforts (stresses) in nodes of a grid of constructive elements of a design of a basic-rotary contour is applied. The stress distribution in each structural element depending on the type of load was obtained. This distribution allowed to choose rational parameters of a design in each its section. The proposed approach allowed to create a solid structure that provides reliability and economy of material. Thus, the results obtained allowed to fully analyze and decide on the simultaneous provision of strength, rigidity and minimum material consumption of the structure.

scholarly journals ON NUMERICAL ESTIMATE OF LIMITS OF MAXIMAL MEAN FOR PERIODIC FUNCTIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (9.1) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
A.N. Lepilov
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Function ◽  
Numerical Method ◽  
Numerical Estimate ◽  
Periodic Functions ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
Definition Of

The scheme of definition of an error of numerical method of calculation of limit of maximal mean for periodic function is offered. The example of calculation of limit of maximal mean is considered.

scholarly journals ANGULAR MOVEMENT PROGRAM CALCULATION PROCEDURE SPACECRAFT WHEN TAKING THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH IN AREA MODE

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 86-100
Author(s):  
Oleg Viktorovich Lutz ◽  
Galina Alexandrovna Borshchova ◽  
Evgeny Dmitrievich Yarmolchuk ◽  
Alexander Alekseevich Manoilenko
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Angular Motion ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
Angular Movement ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Program Calculation ◽  
Large Width ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Mathematical Model

Currently increased interest in satellite images of the Earth's surface with high resolution terrain  (1 to 10 m). To obtain such images, you must use a long focus optical system (OS) having a limited field of view that does not allow the images of the large width. To increase the effectiveness of shooting in modern space systems (SS) Earth observation provides the opportunity after shooting a segment of the Earth's surface to redirect the OS to another area and spend it shooting. With sufficient speed shift OS it is possible to survey two or more adjacent parcels, which is almost equivalent to the corresponding increase in the width of the field of view of the removing apparatus. In this connection there is the task of restoring the OS, which is solved by the use of appropriate hardware and software control the angular movement of the removing apparatus. When creating the SS there is also the need to solve the following tasks: calculation of the program angular motion in a given length of the removable sections and a predetermined number of adjacent strips to be shot, with the purpose of definition of system requirements, spacecraft (SC) control and calculation under given characteristics of the system orientation of the SC possible number of the maximum length and remove adjacent portions of the surface of the Earth. To solve these tasks the mathematical model software of angular motion of the SC. Given the necessary initial data, mathematical model and method of calculation of kinematic parameters of a software angular motion of a SC in the mode of area highway shooting adjacent sections of the Earth's surface located at a predetermined distance from a trace route SC; examples and results of numerical calculations of the programmes angular motion by moving the instrument in remote sensing.

scholarly journals Study on the consolidation properties of soft soil distributed in the North Center coastal area of Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (HTCS6) ◽  
pp. 116-122
Author(s):  
Son Truong Bui ◽  
Nu Thi Nguyen ◽  
Tho Duc Pham ◽  
Duong Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Stress ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Consolidation Pressure ◽  
The North ◽  
Consolidation Coefficient ◽  
Consolidation Parameters

Consolidation parameters of soft soil play an important role in calculating settlement and soft soil improvement by vertical drainage method (distance, quantity, treatment time). In this study, using oedometer tests, consolidation parameters of some soft soils in the North Central coastal region, Vietnam are clarified. The research results show that the compression index Cc has a strong relationship with the natural water content, liquid limit, dry unit weight, and void ratio of the soil. The consolidation coefficient significantly depends on the applied pressure level, at the over-consolidation stage (normal stress is less than pre-consolidation pressure), the consolidation coefficient is high. By contrast, at the normal consolidation stage (normal stress is greater than pre-consolidation pressure), the coefficient of consolidation is small. The pre-consolidation pressure of soil changes with the distribution depth.

scholarly journals SCAT Delineation of Oiling, Cleanup Verification, Chemical Sampling, Coring, and Mangrove Test Planting, Bodo, Eastern Niger Delta, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ogonnaya I. Iroakasi ◽  
Erich R. Gundlach ◽  
Kabari G. Visigah ◽  
Matthijs Bonte ◽  
Ferdinand D. Giadom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Niger Delta ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sampling Program ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
Oil Penetration ◽  
Very High

Abstract The Shoreline Cleanup Assessment Technique (SCAT) was effectively applied from 2015 to 2019 during the first stage (Phase 1) of assessment and cleanup of 1000 ha (2471 acres) of intertidal dead mangroves and oiled shorelines in Bodo, Eastern Niger Delta. New SCAT methods and Phase 1 cleanup criteria were developed to delineate oil levels very soft intertidal mud and to monitor clean up efforts. The end goal of Phase 1 was to reduce subsurface oiling less than 35% as visually observed on the water infilling a pit 25–40 cm deep. Oiling levels and cleanup status were documented at 1065 locations with heaviest oil concentrations found in soft muds lining the intertidal channels (2 m tide range). A large-scale chemical sampling program provided contemporaneous pit observations and measured hydrocarbons at 0–5 cm and 15–25 cm depths at 322 sites. There was poor conformance between hydrocarbon analyses and SCAT observations for surface sediments, but better conformance with subsurface chemistry as black and / or brown oil was clearly visible in the pits. Results of SCAT observations and chemical sampling show very high variations throughout the spill affected area and over short distances (5–10 m). A coring study at 30 sites to 2–3 m depths with chemical sampling indicated that oiling is primarily restricted to the upper 40 cm due to water saturated compact deeper sediments inhibiting oil penetration with depth. Lastly, SCAT developed and monitored a mangrove planting program. In spite of high oil levels (TPH over 40,000 at 6 of 7 sites), results from the first year show plant survival at 82% with 46% height growth of the surviving plants. The SCAT Phase 1 findings enabled the definition of the wider scope for remediation and revegetation of the former mangrove areas and will run through the life-cycle of the clean-up project. However, re-pollution remains a challenge to be managed to achieve success.

Equilibrium compositions in gas phase systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (07) ◽  
pp. 2050024
Author(s):  
V. G. Povarov ◽  
A. A. Keresten
Keyword(s):  
Single Phase ◽  
Potential Surface ◽  
Integral Characteristic ◽  
Height Distribution ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Equilibrium Profiles ◽  
Phase Systems ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Venusian Atmosphere

A new method of calculation of equilibrium compositions of single-phase multicomponent systems in a wide range of temperatures, pressures, and elemental compositions is proposed. It is based on the minimization of the integral characteristic of the slope of the thermodynamic potential surface in the space of coordinates of chemical reactions. The proposed algorithm is applied to the definition of area of the thermodynamic stability of freons in volcanic gases and to the construction of the equilibrium profiles of the height distribution of sulphur-containing components of Venusian atmosphere.

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