THE CONTENT OF THE ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF THE ABIOTIC EARTH SPHERES AND THE ACCOUNTING OF THEIR INDEXES IN THE CODE OF RULES FOR ENGINEERING-ECOLOGICAL SURVEYS FOR CONSTRUCTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
V. T. Trofimov ◽  
M. A. Kharkina
Keyword(s):  
Lower Atmosphere ◽  
Ecological Functions ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Earth ◽  
History Of ◽  
Guidance Documents ◽  
Technical Guidance

Abstract: starting with the works of V.I. Vernadsky, the history of the development of ideas about the interaction of the abiotic spheres of the Earth (upper lithosphere, pedosphere, lower atmosphere and surface hydrosphere) and the living (society, microorganisms, vegetation and land wildlife, hydrobionts (bacterioplankton, phytoplankton, zooplankton, macrobenthos)) is presented. The modern ideas about the content of the concept "ecological functions of abiotic spheres of the Earth", including the resource, geochemical, geophysical and geodynamic, involved in the resource and energy support of life and development of biota, are formulated. Three time stages of formation of the ecological functions of abiotic spheres of the Earth are allocated and characterized. It is shown that at the third technogenic-natural stage of development of these functions, when engineering-ecological surveys are carried out, at local sites, the consequences of technogenesis are leading in the assessment of the current state of ecosystems. The interaction of the lithosphere, pedosphere, surface hydrosphere, Earth's atmosphere with each other and the technosphere is described. The issues of necessity of taking into account perception of ecological functions of the Earth in the code of rules (SP) for engineeringecological surveys and the input of new terminology are considered. It is noted that each ecological function of the abiotic spheres of the Earth is characterized by a large number of indicators of private and complex properties, the study of which has long been mandatory during engineeringecological surveys. The statistics on the composition of the work on the study of the spheres of the Earth in the technical guidance documents of different years on engineering-ecological surveys is adduced. It is stated that in the current SP 47.13330.2016 “Engineering surveys for construction. Main provisions” in terms of engineering-ecological surveys, the vast number of characteristics of ecological functions of the abiotic spheres of the Earth, including the study and evaluation of modern geological processes affecting biota are taken into account. The recommendations on improvement of technical guidance documents for engineering-ecological surveys are formulated.

scholarly journals Main biostratigraphic stages in the Earth history. Technogenic scenarios

2013 ◽  
pp. 127-138
Author(s):  
G. Rudko ◽  
P. Zagorodnyuk
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Continuous Transformation ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Earth ◽  
History Of ◽  
Global Catastrophe

The biostratigraphic history of the Earth as a process of continuous transformation and adaptation from the primary forms of life and till its current state had been considered in the present article.  The development of life on the Earth had started due to the changes of geological processes, changes of the chemical composition of the atmosphere and the aquatic environment, within the period of global catastrophe. As a result of more than 3.8 billion years the anthropogenic system «human – geological and related environment» was formed; it transformed the biosphere in accordance with the needs of human, creating the precedent of inconsistency between human needs and biosphere resources.  The basic scenarios of human and biosphere development within the technogene were defined. The results of studies helped to identify the biostratigraphic conditions of the Earth life. The article investigates scenarios of technogene development as well as the role of human under the conditions of intensive biosphere transformation due to the anthropogenic activities.   

A Discussion on the evolution of the Precambrian crust - Introductory remarks

1973 ◽  
Vol 273 (1235) ◽  
pp. 316-316 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early History ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
Precambrian Rocks ◽  
The Past ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

The realization that the behaviour of the Earth has changed radically during geological time has come about largely in the last decade. This development, which constitutes one of the major advances in geological thinking, results from the study of Precambrian phenomena in many parts of the world and in particular from the work of a small number of geochronologists. In the last ten years as large numbers of unfossiliferous Precambrian rocks have been dated, it has become clear that the nature of geological processes has varied throughout geological time and that one of the cardinal doctrines of geology - the concept that the present is the key to the past — could not be applied to the study of the early history of the Earth.

scholarly journals ESCAPING PURITY: LESSONS FOR CHILD AND YOUTH CARE FROM RELIGION

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Scott
Keyword(s):  
Youth Care ◽  
Change Processes ◽  
History Of Religion ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Child And Youth Care ◽  
Michel Serres ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of

By taking up the suggestion of Michel Serres (1991) to use the history of religion to study change processes, this paper explores the development of the field of Child and Youth Care (CYC) and its current state of change. It draws on Karen Armstrong’s (2001) portrayal of the history and development of fundamentalism across religious traditions to serve as a mirror for this reflective exercise, calling on CYC to risk the complexity of a self-reflective critique in moving forward to the next stage of development professionally and academically.

Foundaon of the tourist-excursion route «Naves of Smolensk in the history of the Crimea»

10.12737/7926 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
Светлана Щербакова ◽  
Svetlana Shcherbakova ◽  
Константин Купченко ◽  
Konstantin Kupchenko
Keyword(s):  
Transition Period ◽  
Tourist Industry ◽  
Retrospective Survey ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Current State ◽  
Historical Figures ◽  
Domestic Tourism ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
History Of ◽  
Crimea Peninsula

The history and prospects of development of the Crimea as the region of Russia has recently aroused great interest. In the contemporary period of the development of the Crimea for different sectors of economics of the region new opportunities are opened. A transition period has come for the tourist industry of the Crimea. Having varied and unique natural and historical and cultural potential for the development of tourism, the Crimea destination is ready for the new way of the development of tourism, that is why at the contemporary stage quite timely would there begin the development of new unique touristic products to strengthen the incoming touristic flow to the region. In accordance with it the article presents the retrospective survey of touristic arrivals to the Crimea, moreover, there is an analysis of the current state of tourism of the Crimea peninsula and prospects of its development in the tourism sphere. More than that, the article reviews the main aspects of the Program of development of tourism in the Crimea and reveals the promising kinds of tourism in the Crimea destination. Special attention is paid to the scientific and educational reasoning of the uniquely designed tourist-excursion route "Natives of Smolensk in the history of the Crimea", which reflects the life and activities of natives of Smolensk region in the history of the Crimea. There are presented brief biographical background notes about the activities of the natives of Smolensk in the Crimea, such as: Grigory Potemkin, Pavel Nakhimov, Yakov Esipovich, Mikhail Efimov. The article points the objects of demonstration of the unique authorial route connected with the activities of the famous natives of Smolensk in the Crimea: commemorative tablets, monuments, busts, commemorative coins and even the minor planet №2754. The route "Natives of Smolensk in the history of the Crimea" is aimed at the development of incoming and domestic tourism, as well as at the upbringing of the sense of public spirit. In the historical retrospective the route reveals interesting facts about well-known historical figures. The article also reveals the possible prospects of promotion of the new suggested touristic product at the modern stage of development of tourism in the Crimea.

Cracked Open and Knit Together by Oxygen

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben McFarland
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Table ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
The Earth ◽  
New Energy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chemical Availability ◽  
Biological Event ◽  
Geological Event ◽  
Chemical Event

The happy insight that biology and geology meet through chemistry has been seen throughout this book when life and rocks interact. A chemical called water transformed this planet’s rocks and opened them to give life its elemental building blocks. The energy in the Earth became the energy in simple cells through chemical wheels. Sunlight split the water with the help of dissolved rocks, and the oxygen from that reaction brought yet more elements out of the rocks and into life. That insight addresses a long-standing mystery here. Long ago, the biggest biologi­cal change in the history of the planet created plant and animal life. What caused the seas to teem with weird new life? I think the periodic table connects that biological event to a previous global geological change. If so, then once again, chemical reactions opened up geology to provide new possibilities for biological complexity. Chemistry shaped the flow of geology and biology at once. The evidence for this connection is like something that happened with the ekko sculpture in northwest Scotland from Chapter 2 (Figure 2.1). After the sculpture had been built, an archaeologist dropped by and found incisions in ekko’s rocks. The archaeologist read the shape and depth of the incisions and concluded that the stones were older than everyone thought, and must have been used for a structure now lost. Like in ekko, there are “incisions” on the Earth made by massive geological processes. Geologists have read these and have concluded that a worldwide event altered the planet’s surface. This geological event was also a chemical event. Soon after, a profusion of fossils filled the rocks. This biological event was also a chemical event. The common denominator of chemistry connects the geology to the biology. The geological event provided chemicals that life used in new ways: especially oxygen, phosphorous, and calcium, resulting in new energy, shells, and signals for life. This hypothesis is that chemical availability drove the evolution of life, and that the periodic table shaped the timing of life’s greatest expansion.

Concepts of Natural Law and Time in the History of Geology

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Guntau
Keyword(s):  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
Natural Laws ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
The Earth ◽  
History Of Geology ◽  
Cyclic Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law

Our contemporary conceptions of time in terms of geology have developed since the Renaissance. In addition to an adequate notion of the age of the earth, these ideas include different concepts of the nature of geological processes in history. Until the 19th century the different concepts of geological time were determined by views on cyclic processes and processes which have a direction, as well as sequences of events, with or without relations between their various phases. These different aspects of geological thought have finally been incorporated into evolutionary conceptions of geohistory. Despite objective and epistemological problems, geological laws were formulated in the history of geology such as the law of superposition by Steno in 1669, the law of stratigraphy by Smith in 1799, and the law of development of the earth by Cotta in 1858. Laws of nature are interpreted as essential correlations of a general and necessary nature which exist independently of human cognition. Some fundamental geological processes have not been effective throughout the history of the earth. Presupposing that these processes were governed by natural laws as well, it is inferred that laws of nature exist over certain different periods of time. There are four possibilities of how long laws of nature, or combinations of them, can exist: (1) temporally unlimited existence, (2) existence from the beginning up to a certain point in time, (3) existence from a certain point in time up to the present time, (4) existence over a certain past period of time. Thus the science of geology shows that natural laws are of a historical nature, in that they do not exist eternally nor everywhere.

IX. Discussion

1965 ◽  
Vol 258 (1088) ◽  
pp. 107-108
Keyword(s):  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Continental Drift ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
History Of

Although the primary subject of the Symposium was continental drift, this is only one aspect of a larger problem. Eventually, consideration of changes in magmatic, metamorphic and tectonic activity through the history of the crust should enable us to put forward a hypothesis to account for the behaviour of the upper parts of the Earth through geological time. As had been pointed out, most geophysical methods provided information about the current state of the Earth and part of the great value of palaeomagnetic studies lay in the fact that they produced information about the past. Some information about the behaviour of possible convection cells during continental drift could be obtained from other long-term changes in the crust. The incidence of magmatic and metamorphic activity gave some indication as to the distribution of regions where there had been an unusually high accession of heat in the past.

scholarly journals FINANCIAL PYRAMIDS: CURRENT STATE AND WAYS TO COMBAT

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (34) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M MALTSEVA ◽  
◽  
E.S BALASHOVA ◽  
E.A ERSHOVA ◽  
V.M KORNUSOVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Regulation ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of financial pyramids on the Russian economy and their state regulation. The objectives of the work are to analyze the role of financial pyramids in the Russian economy; to analyze financial pyramids in the world at the present stage of development; to study trends in the development of financial pyramids. Research methods are based on the methods of system and comparative analysis, formal legal method, methods of analogy, synthesis and classification.This article discusses the appearance of financial pyramids and the history of their creation. The main features of financial pyramids and ways to disguise them are considered. The paper considers the current state of financial pyramids and the legal regulation of their activities in Russia and abroad. Methods and methods of dealing with financial pyramids are presented. The role of the Bank of Russia in eliminating illegal activities of financial pyramids is reflected. The paper shows the main reasons for the existence of financial pyramids according to the authors. Recommendations for combating financial pyramids are outlined. The authors of the article suggest installing stands with video lessons on the streets, on buses and in crowded places, as well as near financial institutions that aim to attract customers ' money.

scholarly journals GEOECOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF THE BLACK SEA ESTUARIES AS A COMPONENT OF THE AZOV-BLACK SEA BASIN GEOECOSYSTEM

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
V. Iemelianov ◽  
O. Ivanik ◽  
T. Kulaha ◽  
Ye. Kostiuchyk ◽  
A. Drozdova
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Problematic Situations

The Black Sea estuaries are unique natural formations that havegreat geoecological and recreational importance. But their ecological state is almost critical and requires developing effective measures to preserve them and restore the geoecological balance. On the basis of literary and field materials, the article analyzes the information about the history of research of estuaries within the northwest coast of the Black Sea. The current state and problematic situations in the study of their morphology, dynamics and regime are determined, the current problems for each estuary are emphasized. On the basis of field geological and geomorphological investigations and remote sensing data, the features of gravitational geological processes within the coastal zones are characterized. Changes in the morphology of the coastline and estuary areas during 2015–2020 are analyzed. Modern hydrological characteristics and features of ecological condition of these estuaries are given. Perspectives of further research of these objects are determined. To preserve the natural value of the estuaries as a unique transition zone between sea and land (geoecoton), the geoecological research approachis proposed to use

scholarly journals Classic Rock Tours 1. Hutton’s Unconformity at Siccar Point, Scotland: A Guide for Visiting the Shrine on the Abyss of Time

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-42
Author(s):  
Andrew Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Charles Lyell ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The Earth ◽  
History Of Geology ◽  
De Se ◽  
History Of ◽  
Devonian Age

The angular unconformity at Siccar Point in Scotland is one of the most famous localities in the history of geology. At this spot, steeply dipping, folded turbiditic sandstone of early Silurian age is clearly overlain by subhorizontal red conglomerate, breccia and sandstone of late Devonian age. Siccar Point was not the first unconformity ever to be described or illustrated, but it is unquestionably one of the most spectacular and informative that geologists are likely to see. In June of 1788, a famous excursion by James Hutton, John Playfair and Sir James Hall first discovered this striking evidence for the cyclic nature of geological processes and the probable antiquity of the Earth. Contrary to myth, it was likely not the inspiration for Hutton’s famous phrase no vestige of a beginning, no prospect of an end, but Playfair’s metaphor of looking so far into the abyss of time is forever associated with this place. Siccar Point influenced many other geologists, including the young Charles Lyell, who would eventually bring the ideas of James Hutton together with those of William Smith, to build the uniformitarian paradigm that founded modern geology. Lyell’s writings would in turn influence the young Charles Darwin in his search for the reality and causes of evolution. Siccar Point is easy to visit from the historic and vibrant city of Edinburgh, and such a pilgrimage is easily combined with other sights of geological or cultural interest. Visiting the shrine involves a short coastal hike in one of the most beautiful parts of Scotland. This article combines practical advice for would-be pilgrims to Siccar Point with some historical context about its pivotal role in the development of geological ideas in the enlightenment of the late 18th and early 19th centuries.RÉSUMÉLa discordance angulaire de Siccar Point en Écosse est l'une des localités les plus célèbres de l'histoire de la géologie. À cet endroit, un grès turbiditique plissé à fort pendage du début du Silurien est recouvert de conglomérats rouges subhorizontaux, de brèches et d’un grès de la fin du Dévonien. Siccar Point n'est pas la première discordance qui ait été décrite ou illustrée, mais c'est sans conteste l'une des plus spectaculaires et révélatrices que les géologues puissent voir. En juin 1788, avec leur célèbre excursion, James Hutton, John Playfair et Sir James Hall ont découvert cette preuve frappante de la nature cyclique des processus géologiques et de l`ancienneté probable de la Terre. Contrairement à ce qu'on croit, ce n'est probablement pas la fameuse phrase de Hutton « aucun vestige d'un début, aucune perspective de fin », mais la métaphore de Playfair « voir si loin dans l'abîme du temps » qui est à jamais associée à ce lieu. Siccar Point a influencé de nombreux autres géologues, y compris le jeune Charles Lyell, qui a fini par réunir les idées de James Hutton et celles de William Smith qui ont défini le paradigme uniformitariste, devenu le fondement de la géologie moderne. Les écrits de Lyell influenceront à leur tour le jeune Charles Darwin dans sa recherche de la réalité et des causes de l'évolution. Il est facile de se rendre à Siccar Point depuis cette ville chargée d'histoire et dynamique qu’est Édimbourg, et un tel pèlerinage se combine facilement avec d'autres sites d'intérêt géologique ou culturel. La visite de ce « sanctuaire » implique une courte randonnée côtière dans l'une des plus belles régions d'Écosse. Le présent article combine des conseils pratiques pour les visiteurs potentiels à Siccar Point et présente un historique de son rôle central dans le développement des idées géologiques à la fin du XVIIIe siècle et au début du XIXe siècle.

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