scholarly journals Regular genetic counseling and DNA diagnostics of hereditary diseases of the cardiovascular system in the practice of the federal multidisciplinary surgical center (the analysis of the experience of last 10 years work experience of medical genetics laboratory of Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery)

Author(s):  
В.А. Румянцева ◽  
Е.В. Заклязьминская

Анализ результатов 10-летней работы лаборатории медицинской генетики показал необходимость развития новых отраслей генетики для формирования персонализированной медицины в России. Совершенствование медико-генетической службы на базе многопрофильного хирургического центра дает большие преимущества в развитии семейных обследований. The analysis of last 10 years work experience of medical genetics laboratory has shown the need for the development of new branches of genetics for the formation of personalized medicine in Russia. The improvement of the medical genetic services at the multidisciplinary surgical center provides great advantages in the development of family examinations.

Author(s):  
Е.К. Гинтер ◽  
Л.М. Константинова

Медико-генетический научный центр (ФГБНУ МГНЦ) сформировался на базе Института медицинской генетики (ИМГ) АМН СССР. В структуре Института с самого начала была заложена организация научных отделов, в которых разрабатывались бы основные для того времени исследовательские направления: популяционная генетика, клиническая генетика, цитогенетика и биохимическая генетика. Самые заметные изменения в структуре Института и тематике научных исследований произошли в связи с реорганизацией ИМГ АМН СССР во Всесоюзный научный медико-генетический центр в 1989 г. В настоящее время сотрудники ФГБНУ МГНЦ проводят исследования по всем основным направлениям медицинской генетики, разрабатывают уникальные методы эффективной диагностики и новые методы лечения наследственных болезней. The Research Centre for Medical Genetics (FSBI RCMG) was established based on the Institute of Medical Genetics (IMG) of the USSR Academy of Medical Science. From the very beginning, the structure of the Institute provided for the research departments that would develop the main research areas of that time: population genetics, clinical genetics, cytogenetics and biochemical genetics. The restructuring of the IMG into the All-Union Research Centre for Medical Genetics led to the most noticeable changes in the Institute structure. Research in all major areas of medical genetics, the development of unique methods for the effective diagnosis and treatment of hereditary diseases are currently being carried out at the Center.


Author(s):  
И.В. Анисимова

Задержка психического развития (ЗПР) и умственная отсталость (УО) являются частыми симптомами у пациентов, консультируемых врачом-генетиком. Цель исследования: оценка структуры и разнообразия нозологических форм ЗПР и УО и их динамики среди пациентов, проконсультированных в ФГБНУ МГНЦ. Работа выполнена на материале, извлеченном из медико-генетических карт пациентов, проконсультированных врачами-генетиками консультативного и научно-консультативного отделов в 2006 и 2007 годах и через 10 лет -в 2016 и 2017 годах. Общее число обработанных медико-генетических карт за 4 анализируемых года составило 14301 по всем нозологиям, общее число карт пациентов с ЗПР или УО за 4 года составило 2321 карту. Общее количество пациентов с ЗПР или УО за 4 года составило 2350, при этом доли пациентов с ЗПР или УО, проконсультированных в 2016-2017 годах, достоверно увеличились по сравнению с долями таких пациентов, проконсультированных в 2006-2007 годах. В исследуемые периоды структура ЗПР и УО осталась практически неизменной по таким критериям, как пол и возраст. Доли пациентов с ЗПР и УО, обусловленными факторами окружающей среды и генетическими причинами, также не претерпели изменений. Наблюдается значительное увеличение числа пациентов с ЗПР или УО в 2016 и 2017 гг. с диагнозом, подтвержденным биохимическими, молекулярно-генетическими или цитогенетическими методами. Количество нозологических форм ЗПР и УО, подтвержденных молекулярно-генетическими или цитогенетическими методами, возросло почти в 5 раз за исследуемый десятилетний период. Существенное увеличение числа пациентов с лабораторно верифицированными генетическими формами ЗПР или УО в 2016 и 2017 годах обусловлено значительным прогрессом в области ДНК-диагностики синдромов, включающих ЗПР и УО, а также появлением новых методов исследований: хромосомного микроматричного анализа и секвенирования нового поколения. Background: Developmental delay (DD) and intellectual disability (ID) are frequent symptoms in patients consulted by a geneticist. Purpose of the research: evaluation of the structure and variety of nosological forms of DD and ID and their dynamics among patients consulted by geneticists of the counseling unit and research and counseling department of the Research Centre for Medical Genetics in 2006, 2007, 2016 and 2017. Materials and methods: The present work was performed on the material taken from the medical genetic cards of patients of the Research Centre for Medical Genetics consulted by geneticists of the counseling unit and research and counseling department in 2006 and 2007 and 10 years later in 2016 and 2017. The total number of medical genetic cards processed during the 4 analyzed years was 14301 for all nosologies; the total number of cards of patients with DD or ID during the 4 years was 2321 cards. The total number of patients with DD or ID over the 4 analyzed years was 2350. Meanwhile the proportions of patients with DD or ID consulted in 2016-2017 increased significantly compared to the proportions of such patients consulted in 2006-2007. Results: During the research period (2006, 2007, 2016, and 2017) the structure of DD and ID remained almost unchanged for criteria such as gender and age. The proportions of patients with DD or ID caused by environmental factors and genetic causes also did not change. There was a significant increase in the number of patients with DD or ID in 2016 and 2017 with a diagnosis confirmed by biochemical, molecular genetic or cytogenetic methods. The number of nosological forms of PD and OA confirmed by molecular genetic or cytogenetic methods increased almost 5-fold over the ten-year period research. Conclusions: The significant increase in the number of patients with laboratory verified genetic forms of DD or ID in 2016 and 2017 is explained by significant advances in DNA diagnostics of syndromes manifesting in DD or ID, as well as the appearance of new research methods - chromosome microarray analysis and next-generation sequencing.


2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Nariman ◽  
MR Sobhan ◽  
M Savaei ◽  
E Aref-Eshghi ◽  
R Nourinejad ◽  
...  

AbstractGenetic service for couples plays an increasingly important role in diagnosis and risk management. This study investigated the status of consanguinity and the medical genetic history (effectiveness and coverage of medical genetic services) in couples residing in a city in southern Iran. We questioned couples who were referred to Behbahan Marital Counseling Center, Behbahan, Iran, during the period from January to November 2014, to obtain information on consanguinity, disease history, and previous referral to a medical genetics center. For the collected data was obtained descriptive statistics with STATA 11.0 software. A total of 500 couples were questioned. Mean age was 24.8 ± 5.2 years. Almost one quarter (23.4%) of the couples were consanguineous. Consanguinity was almost twice as common in rural areas as in urban areas (33.9 vs. 19.2%, p = 0.001). Only a few couples (~3.0%) had ever been referred for genetic counseling. The main reason for previous genetic counseling was consanguinity (85.7%). The majority of the participants (96.3%) had never been tested for any genetic conditions. Our findings suggest that only a small proportion of couples in Khuzestan Province, Iran (Behbahan City) were receiving adequate genetics care. This may reflect the limited accessibility of such services, and inadequate awareness and education among the care providers.


Author(s):  
И.В. Анисимова

Задержка психического развития (ЗПР) и умственная отсталость (УО) являются частыми причинами направления пациентов на медико-генетическое консультирование. Наблюдаемый в последние годы значительный рост числа нозологических форм моногенных и хромосомных болезней среди пациентов с ЗПР или УО медико-генетической консультации Медико-генетического научного центра отражает повышение эффективности диагностики наследственных форм данной патологии. Цели исследования: оценка долей клинически и/или лабораторно подтвержденных хромосомных, моногенных заболеваний и болезней геномного импринтинга, диагностированных у пациентов с ЗПР или УО; определение эффективности разных методов диагностики генетических форм ЗПР и УО; расчет сегрегационной частоты для оценки вклада моногенных форм с аутосомно-рецессивным и X-сцепленным рецессивным типами наследования в недифференцированные ЗПР и УО. Выборка включала 2350 пациентов с ЗПР или УО различных степеней тяжести и пациентов с диагнозом, предполагающим развитие ЗПР или УО по мере взросления, проконсультированных врачами-генетиками консультативного и научно-консультативного отделов Медико-генетического научного центра им. Бочкова в 2006, 2007, 2016 гг. и первой половине 2017 г. В исследуемый период (2006, 2007, 2016 и первая половина 2017 г.) отмечается тенденция к снижению доли хромосомной патологии среди всех пациентов выборки. В группе пациентов с ЗПР или УО с аномалиями хромосом с течением времени отмечается значительный рост доли структурной хромосомной патологии и снижение доли заболеваний, обусловленных изменением числа хромосом. Доля моногенных форм остается практически неизменной в исследуемый период. Внутри данной группы отмечается некоторый рост доли аутосомно-доминантной патологии. Доля пациентов с ЗПР или УО, обусловленных болезнями геномного импринтинга, достоверно различается в исследуемые годы, со временем отмечается тенденция к ее уменьшению. Доля только клинически установленных синдромов без лабораторного подтверждения значительно снижается в исследуемый период. Максимальная диагностическая эффективность среди лабораторных генетических методов показана для микросателлитного анализа, MLPA, хромосомного микроматричного анализа и секвенирования нового поколения. Developmental delay (DD) and intellectual disability (ID) are frequent reasons for referring patients for medical genetic counseling. A significant increase in the number of nosological forms of monogenic and chromosomal diseases among patients with DD or ID in medical genetic consultation of Bochkov Research Centre for Medical Genetics in recent years reflects an increase in its effectiveness in diagnosing this pathology. Purpose of the research: 1. To estimate the proportion of clinically and/or laboratory-confirmed chromosomal, monogenic, and genomic imprinting disorders diagnosed in patients with DD or ID consulted by geneticists from the consultation and scientific consulting departments of the Bochkov Research Centre for Medical Genetics in 2006, 2007, 2016, and the first half of 2017. 2. Determination of the effectiveness of different diagnostic methods of genetic forms DD and ID. 3. Calculation of segregation frequency to estimate the contribution of monogenic forms with autosomal recessive and X-linked recessive types of inheritance among undifferentiated cases of DD and ID. The sampling for the analysis included 2350 patients with DD or ID of varying severity, as well as patients with a diagnosis suggesting the development of DD or ID as they mature, consulted by geneticists from the consultation and scientific consulting departments of the Bochkov Research Centre for Medical Genetics in 2006, 2007, 2016, and the first half of 2017. During the research period (2006, 2007, 2016, and the first half of 2017), there was a decreasing trend in the proportion of chromosomal pathology among all patients of the sampling. Within the group of patients with DD or ID with chromosomal pathology, a significant increase in the proportion of structural chromosomal pathology and a decrease in the proportion of diseases caused by changes in the number of chromosomes is noted over time. The proportion of monogenic forms remains practically unchanged during the study period. Within this group, there is some increase in the share of AD pathology. The proportion of patients with DD or ID caused by genomic imprinting disorders varies significantly in the years studied, with a tendency to decrease over time. The proportion of only clinically identified syndromes without laboratory confirmation decreases significantly during the study period. The maximum diagnostic efficiency among laboratory genetic methods has been shown for microsatellite analysis, MLPA, chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and next generation sequencing (NGS).


2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Johanna Tecklenburg

Abstract Telemedicine has been in practical use for many years, mostly within the context of model projects. The current Covid-19 pandemic has accelerated the process of implementing telemedicine in standard care. Numerous regulations, as well as complex reimbursement structures play a role in the application of telemedicine in medical genetics in Germany. Discipline- and technology-specific challenges complicate the integration of technical solutions into the medical genetic practice. In previous studies teleconsultations and virtual consultations in medical genetics have proven their value as indicated by high levels of satisfaction in the users and showing no inferiority to in-person consultation in terms of psychosocial outcome. The next years will bring an increasing demand for genetic counseling that can hardly be met by the limited number of specialists in Germany. In this context telemedicine can help to close these gaps in standard care while strengthening the field by ensuring comprehensive medical genetic care. The German medical genetics community is asked to actively shape the process of implementation by defining areas of genetic counseling that are suitable for telemedicine, by regulating access for physicians and by contributing to the renumeration structures.


PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-467
Author(s):  
Hans Zellweger

This small paperback appeared as Volume 42 in the series, Heidelberg Pocket Books (a translation of L. S. Penrose's Introduction to Human Genetics is Volume 4 of the same series). The authors, both directors of a German institute for human genetics, wrote this syllabus to familiarize the genetically uninformed physician with the common and practical aspects of medical genetics and genetic counseling. They advise the reader to consult a professional geneticist for more complicated genetic problems.


2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Giardino ◽  
Rita Mingarelli ◽  
Tiziana Lauretti ◽  
Antonio Amoroso ◽  
Lidia Larizza ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-353
Author(s):  
Elena A. Denisova ◽  
Oksana P. Rushkevich ◽  
Olga I. Nenenko

Introduction. The development of ferruginous quartzites of the Kursk magnetic anomaly basin is accompanied by the release of dust, which affects miners. Identification of markers of preclinical pathology of the cardiorespiratory system (CRS) is relevant. Objective is to identify markers of endothelial dysfunction (ED) (endothelin-1 (ET-1), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), changes in the elastic properties of blood vessels) at the preclinical stage of the development of pathology of the cardiovascular system and pathology of the respiratory organs in workers of dust occupations with different experience. Material and methods: Medical documentation (812 persons, the period from 2008 to 2015), systematized and statistically processed. ET-1 and BNP were determined by enzyme immunoassay. The central hemodynamics was studied by the method of volumetric compression oscillometry. Results. A significant correlation was established between the prevalence of diseases of the cardiovascular system (CCC), work experience in harmful conditions, and the peculiarities of the production process, r = 0.36-0.44; r = 0.48-0.64; the development of respiratory pathology with the production process and experience, r = 0.52-0.61, r = 0.41-0.47. The structure of morbidity is mainly formed by respiratory diseases - from 5.7 % to 40%; the third rank place (7.8-10.0%) is occupied by CCC diseases. A number of the examined patients have combined cardiorespiratory pathology (CRP) - 42.4%. The changes are more typical for highly trained workers. The study revealed: an increase in the pulse wave velocity (p = 0.037); linear blood flow velocity (p = 0.029), a decrease in arterial compliance (p = 0.031) with an increase in peripheral vascular resistance (p = 0.031), signs of ED (increase in ET-1, BNP). Discussion. Changes in ET-1, BNP, elastic-elastic properties of the main vessels more often developed in highly trained workers. They manifested by the development of ED, occurring as an unfavourable factor in the early appearance and progression of bronchial obstruction followed by the formation of a chronic pulmonary heart, remodelling of the main vessels. Conclusion. The study of ED is an urgent problem for studying with the subsequent optimization of therapeutic and preventive measures at mining enterprises.


Author(s):  
Г.И. Ельчинова ◽  
З.К. Гетоева ◽  
В.В. Кадышев ◽  
М.Ю. Джаджиева ◽  
Р.А. Зинченко

Генетико-эпидемиологическое обследование населения республики Северная Осетия-Алания проводится сотрудниками лаборатории генетической эпидемиологии ФГБНУ «МГНЦ». В рамках стандартного протокола исследования проводится изучение максимально возможного числа популяционно-генетических характеристик. На основании 27583 брачных записей проанализированы индекс эндогамии, интенсивность метисации и этническая брачная ассортативность в 8 районах Северной Осетии и г. Владикавказе. Выявлены различия этих брачно-миграционных характеристик между двумя субэтносами - иронцами и дигорцами. Дигорцы характеризуются более высокой эндогамностью и более низкой метисацией, чем иронцы. Genetic epidemiological study of the population of the North Ossetia-Alania Republic, Russia, is caring out by the Laboratory of Genetiс Epidemiology of Research Centre for Medical Genetics (Moscow, Russia).Within the framework of the standard protocol we study the maximum of possible population-genetic characteristics. Based on the 27583 marriage records, the index of endogamy, the intensity of metisation and ethnic marriage assortativness in 8 regions of North Ossetia and Vladikavkaz have been analyzed. The differences in the marriage and migration characteristics are revealed for two subethnoses: the Irons and the Digors. The Digors have a higher value of endogamy index and a lower metisation level than the Irons have.


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farahnaz Amini ◽  
Kok Wah Yee ◽  
Siew Chin Soh ◽  
Abdulateef Alhadeethi ◽  
Roya Amini ◽  
...  

Purpose Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of complex neurodevelopmental disorders with uncertain etiology. Evidence shows that genetic testing can explain about 20% of cases. This study aims to assess the level of awareness and perception of medical genetic services among Malaysian parents with ASD children. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional survey using an interviewer-administered questionnaire was done among 111 parents of children with ASD from August 2017 to September 2019 in two clinics in Malaysia. Findings A majority of children with ASD (80.20%) were male and diagnosed at the age of 3–4 years old (47.80%). When the autistic child was born, most mothers and fathers were aged 26–30 (40.50%) and 31–35 years old (42.30%), respectively. Another child with ASD in nuclear and extended families was reported for 11.70% and 13.50%, respectively. Only 24.30% have seen a professional genetic consultant, and 19.8% have done genetic testing for affected children. The mean score of awareness of genetic services for ASD was 2.48 ± 3.30. Having medical insurance and another child with ASD in the nuclear family was significantly associated with a higher level of awareness (p = 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). Most of the participants have a positive perception of these services. Originality/value Regardless of demographic factors, participants have poor awareness of genetic services for ASD, likely because the primary physician did not recommend it upon diagnosis. Increasing health-care providers’ knowledge about the current potential of genetic testing for ASD and educational campaigns for the public are critical components of using available genetic tests to improve ASD management.


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