scholarly journals Correction of pathological periodic respiration with Mexidol in rats

2018 ◽  
pp. 121-123
Author(s):  
Л.Н. Тихомирова ◽  
Д.Д. Мациевский ◽  
С.В. Ревенко ◽  
Н.Ф. Сафина ◽  
И.А. Тараканов
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rhythm ◽  
Effective Drug ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Expiratory Phase ◽  
Metabolic Therapy ◽  
Periodic Respiration ◽  
White Mongrel

В острых опытах на наркотизированных самцах беспородных белых крыс изучали возможность применения метаболической терапии мексидолом для коррекции периодического патологического дыхания, вызванного оксибутиратом. В интервале доз 40-200 мг/кг мексидол нормализовал дыхание, причем продолжительность нормализации зависела от его концентрации. При использовании мексидола в дозах 100-200 мг/кг длительность сохранения нормального ритмического дыхания составляла несколько часов. Проведенное исследование показало, что мексидол является эффективным средством коррекции периодического патологического дыхания с задержками в фазе спокойного выдоха, способный нормализовать дыхательный ритм на протяжении нескольких часов. A possibility of using the Mexidol metabolic therapy for correction of hydroxybutyrate-provoked periodic pathological respiration was evaluated in acute experiments on anesthetized white mongrel male rats. Mexidol at doses of 40-200 mg/kg dose-dependently normalized the respiratory rhythm. Mexidol at doses of 100-200 mg/kg maintained the normal, rhythmic respiration for several hours. Therefore, Mexidol is an effective drug for correction of the periodic pathological breathing with arrest in the quiet expiratory phase, which normalizes generation of the respiratory rhythm for several hours.

scholarly journals Acetazolamide suppresses the prevalence of augmented breaths during exposure to hypoxia

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (2) ◽  
pp. R370-R381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold J. Bell ◽  
Philippe Haouzi
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Respiratory Rhythm ◽  
Respiratory Alkalosis ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Breathing Cycle ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Cessation Of Treatment ◽  
Unique Condition ◽  
Disordered Breathing

Augmented breaths, or “sighs,” commonly destabilize respiratory rhythm, precipitating apneas and variability in the depth and rate of breathing, which may then exacerbate sleep-disordered breathing in vulnerable individuals. We previously demonstrated that hypocapnia is a unique condition associated with a high prevalence of augmented breaths during exposure to hypoxia; the prevalence of augmented breaths during hypoxia can be returned to normal simply by the addition of CO2 to the inspired air. We hypothesized that counteracting the effect of respiratory alkalosis during hypocapnic hypoxia by blocking carbonic anhydrase would yield a similar effect. We, therefore, investigated the effect of acetazolamide on the prevalence of augmented breaths in the resting breathing cycle in five awake, adult male rats. We found a 475% increase in the prevalence of augmented breaths in animals exposed to hypocapnic hypoxia compared with room air. Acetazolamide treatment (100 mg/kg ip bid) for 3 days resulted in a rapid and potent suppression of the generation of augmented breaths during hypoxia. Within 90 min of the first dose of acetazolamide, the prevalence of augmented breaths in hypoxia fell to levels that were no greater than those observed in room air. On cessation of treatment, exposure to hypocapnic hypoxia once again caused a large increase in the prevalence of augmented breaths. These results reveal a novel means by which acetazolamide acts to stabilize breathing and may help explain the beneficial effects of the drug on breathing stability at altitude and in patients with central forms of sleep-disordered breathing.

Assessment of efficiency of complex treatment of soft tissue wounds by means of oxytocin and titanium aquacomplex glycerosolvate in experiment

10.12737/4115 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Глухов ◽  
A. Glukhov ◽  
Мохова ◽  
Olesya Mokhova ◽  
Микулич ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Granulation Tissue ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Complex Treatment ◽  
High Efficacy ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
White Mongrel

Purpose of the study is to assess the efficiency use of oxytocin and titanium aquacomplex glycerosol-vate in the treatment of soft tissue wounds. The study was carried out on 72 white mongrel male rats weighing 210 ± 10 g with simulated aseptic wounds. The sampling was carried out for 1, 3, 5 and 7 days from the beginning of the experiment. To assess the course of wound process in the clinical study, planimetric and histological methods were applied. The comparison of obtained results has allowed to reveal the high efficacy of combined use of oxytocin and glycerosolvate titanium. On the basis of clinical and planimetric methods of investigation it was established that reduction of the area of the wound is significantly faster in animals treated with the use of oxytocin and glycerosolvate titanium. This treatment has a stimulating effect on the activity of connective tissue - accelerates the appearance and maturation of granulation tissue, occur earlier replacement of a number of inflammatory cells into cells, which provide proliferation; earlier appearance of collagen fibers and the prevalence among them horizontally. The use of oxytocin and titanium aquacomplex glycerosolvate in laboratory animals with aseptic wounds influences positively on the dynamic of wounded process, allows to accelerate the appearance of granulation tissue and epithelialization.

Modeling Neural Mechanisms for Genesis of Respiratory Rhythm and Pattern. III. Comparison of Model Performances During Afferent Nerve Stimulation

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 2027-2039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilya A. Rybak ◽  
Julian F. R. Paton ◽  
James S. Schwaber
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Vagal Stimulation ◽  
Respiratory Rhythm ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Afferent Nerve ◽  
Respiratory Pattern ◽  
Expiratory Phase ◽  
Short Period

Rybak, Ilya A., Julian F. R. Paton, and James S. Schwaber. Modeling neural mechanisms for genesis of respiratory rhythm and pattern. III. Comparison of model performances during afferent nerve stimulation. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 2027–2039, 1997. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the relative plausibility of the models of the central respiratory pattern generator (CRPG) proposed in our previous paper. To test the models, we compared changes in generated patterns with the experimentally observed alterations of the respiratory pattern induced by various stimuli applied to superior laryngeal (SLN), vagus and carotid sinus (CS) nerves. In all models, short-duration SLN simulation caused phase-resetting behavior consistent with experimental data. Relatively weak sustained SLN stimulation elicited a two-phase rhythm comprising inspiration and postinspiration whereas a stronger stimulation stopped oscillations in the postinspiratory phase (“postinspiratory apnea”). In all models, sustained vagus nerve stimulation produced postinspiratory apnea. A short vagal stimulus delivered during inspiration terminated this phase. The threshold for inspiratory termination decreased during the course of the inspiratory phase. The effects of short-duration vagal stimulation applied during expiration were different in different models. In model 1, stimuli delivered in the postinspiratory phase prolonged expiration whereas the late expiratory phase was insensitive to vagal stimulation. No insensitive period was found in model 2 because vagal stimuli delivered at any time during expiration prolonged this phase. Model 3 demonstrated a short period insensitive to vagal stimulation at the very end of expiration. When phasic CS nerve stimulation was applied during inspiration or the first half of expiration, the performances of all models were similar and consistent with experimental data: stimuli delivered at the beginning inspiration shortened this phase whereas stimuli applied in the middle or at the end of inspiration prolonged it and stimuli delivered in the first half of expiration prolonged the expiratory interval. Behavior of the models were different when CS stimuli were delivered during the late expiratory phase. In model 1, these stimuli were ineffective or shortened expiration initiating the next inspiration. Alternatively, in models 2 and 3, they caused a prolongation of expiration. Although all CRPG models demonstrated a number of plausible alterations in the respiratory pattern elicited by afferent nerve stimulation, the behavior of model 1 was most consistent with experimental data. Taking into account differences in the model architectures and employed neural mechanisms, we suggest that the concept of respiratory rhythmogenesis based on the essential role of postinspiratory neurons is more plausible than the concept employing specific functional properties of decrementing expiratory (dec-E) neurons and that the ramp firing pattern of the late expiratory neuron is more likely to reflect intrinsic properties than disinhibition from the dec-E neurons.

Significance of integral hematological indexes for predicting postoperative wound healing in the experiment

2018 ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
А.А. Супильников ◽  
В.Н. Шабалин
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wound Healing Process ◽  
The Third ◽  
Group A ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
White Mongrel

Цель исследования - оценка возможности использования интегральных гематологических индексов для выбора оптимальной модели ушивания послеоперационных ран в эксперименте. Методика. Исследование проводили на 297 белых беспородных крысах-самцах массой 190-210 г, которые были разделены на 3 группы, по 99 крыс в каждой. Одна группа являлась контрольной, у второй группы крыс был смоделирован раневой процесс с натяжением брюшной стенки; у третьей группы животных - модель раневого процесса с применением трансплантата нанокомпозитного материала. Определяли следующие интегральные гематологические индексы: индекс Кребса; коэффициент Бредекка; лейкоцитарный индекс; индекс соотношения нейтрофилов и моноцитов; индекс соотношения лимфоцитов и моноцитов; индекс соотношения лимфоцитов и эозинофилов; коэффициент отношения альбуминов к глобулинам; оксипролиновый коэффициент. Результаты. Установлены статистически значимые колебания показателей интегральных гематологических индексов в динамике заживления послеоперационной раны у крыс. Заключение. На основе полученных результатов был сделан вывод, что особенности динамики интегральных гематологических индексов, выявленные на различных моделях раневого процесса, отражают неспецифические и специфические защитные реакции организма в целом, позволяют делать прогноз дальнейшего течения и исхода раневого процесса, а также обеспечивают возможность выбора оптимальной модели ушивания послеоперационной раны. The article presents results of predicting the wound healing process using integral hematological indexes. The aim of the study was to describe the dynamics of integral hematological indexes of wound healing process in rats to predict its outcome. The study included 297 white mongrel male rats weighing 190-210 g, which were divided into three groups, 99 rats in each. One group was a control group; in the second group, a wound healing process with abdominal wall tension was modeled; in the third group, a wound healing process with a graft was modeled. The following integrated hematological indexes were determined: Krebs index; Bredeck index; leukocyte index; neutrophil/monocyte ratio; lymphocyte/monocyte ratio; lymphocyte/eosinophil ratio; albumin/globulin ratio; and oxyproline coefficient. The study showed that changes in values of integral hematological indexes were mostly statistically and clinically significant. We concluded that changes in integral hematological indexes in different models of wound healing reflect nonspecific and specific protective responses of the body as a whole and allow to predict further course and outcome of the wound healing process.

scholarly journals Hepatic Microhaemocirculation Dynamics in Experimental Extrahepatic Cholestasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
K. Kh. Akhmedov ◽  
M. A. Ergashev ◽  
A. N. Meliboboyev ◽  
E. H. Boltayev
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Common Bile Duct ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Mixed Group ◽  
Hepatic Circulation ◽  
Hepatic Parenchyma ◽  
Extrahepatic Cholestasis ◽  
Toxic Impact ◽  
White Mongrel

Aim. Investigation of hepatic microhaemocirculation effects in experimental extrahepatic cholestasis.Materials and Methods. Experiments were carried out with a mixed group of 48 white mongrel male rats. Extrahepatic cholestasis was modelled in rats with via the ligation of common bile duct.Results. Animals with ligated common bile duct showed abnormalities in peripheral hepatic circulation manifested by a complex of intravascular, vascular and paravascular changes, hepatic angioarchitectonics disturbance, a marked growth of parenchymal dystrophic lesions in the form of post-haemorrhagic foci. The disturbance was pronounced towards a virtual degradation of hepatic parenchyma and the growth of “numb” zones with ceased circulation.Conclusion. The trials revealed microcirculatory changes in the liver associated with rheological disturbance of blood and, subsequently, the toxic impact of failed metabolism.

scholarly journals New insights from 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations to characterize fear responses: relationship with respiration and brain oscillatory dynamics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryne Dupin ◽  
Samuel Garcia ◽  
Julie Boulanger-Bertolus ◽  
Nathalie Buonviso ◽  
Anne-Marie MOULY
Keyword(s):  
Basolateral Amygdala ◽  
Piriform Cortex ◽  
Respiratory Rhythm ◽  
Ultrasonic Vocalizations ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Neural Dynamics ◽  
Fear Response ◽  
Nasal Breathing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fear Behavior

Fear behavior depends on interactions between the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the basolateral amygdala (BLA), and the expression of fear involves synchronized activity in theta and gamma oscillatory activities. In addition, freezing, the most classical measure of fear response in rodents, temporally coincides with the development of sustained 4-Hz oscillations in prefrontal-amygdala circuits. Interestingly, these oscillations were recently shown to depend on the animal's respiratory rhythm, supporting the growing body of evidence pinpointing the influence of nasal breathing on brain rhythms. During fearful states, rats also emit 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) which drastically affect respiratory rhythm. However, the relationship between 22-kHz USV, respiration and brain oscillatory activities is still unknown. Yet such information is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of how the different components of fear response collectively modulate rat's brain neural dynamics. Here we trained male rats in an odor fear conditioning task, while recording simultaneously local field potentials in BLA, mPFC and olfactory piriform cortex, together with USV calls and respiration. We show that USV calls coincide with an increase in delta and gamma power and a decrease in theta power. In addition, during USV emission in contrast to silent freezing, there is no coupling between respiratory rate and delta frequency, and the modulation of fast oscillations amplitude relative to the phase of respiration is modified. We propose that sequences of USV calls could result in a differential gating of information within the network of structures sustaining fear behavior, thus potentially modulating fear expression/memory. Significance Statement: While freezing is the most frequently used measure of fear, it is only one amongst the different components of rodents' response to threatening events. USV is another index that gives additional insight into the socioemotional status of an individual. Our study is the first to describe the effects of USV production on rat's brain oscillatory activities in the fear neural network, and to relate some of them to changes in nasal breathing. A better knowledge of the impact of USV calls on brain neural dynamics is not only important for understanding the respective weight of the different components of fear response, but is also particularly relevant for rodent models of human neuropsychiatric disorders, for which socio-affective communication is severely impaired.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of metabolic brain disturbances after acute fatal blood loss

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
V. T. Dolgikh
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Clinical Death ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Acute Blood Loss ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Block Scheme ◽  
Ca Ions ◽  
White Mongrel

In the course of experiments in 210 white mongrel male rats, endured 5-min clinical death from acute blood loss the mechanisms of energy, carbohydrate, lipid metabolism disturbance in postresuscitated brain tissue have been studied. It has been established that primary and secondary hypoxia, metabolic acidosis, excessive lipid peroxidation process activity, endotoxemia, neuron overload by Ca ions appeared to be the principle pathogenetic factors of the abovementioned disturbances. Pathogenetic block-scheme of early postresuscitation metabolic disturbances in brain was presented. The validity of this block-scheme principle theses was demonstrated by means of gutimin antihypoxanths (50 mg/kg) and sodium γ-hydroxybutyrate (300 mg/kg), ionolantioxidant (100 mg/kg), slow isoptin Ca-canals blocker (0,1 mg/kg) injected before clinical death.

The Morphology of the Rat Kidney Following Folic Acid Administration

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 200-201
Author(s):  
Aline Byrnes ◽  
Elsa E. Ramos ◽  
Minoru Suzuki ◽  
E.D. Mayfield
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Renal Hypertrophy ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Biochemical Alterations

Renal hypertrophy was induced in 100 g male rats by the injection of 250 mg folic acid (FA) dissolved in 0.3 M NaHCO3/kg body weight (i.v.). Preliminary studies of the biochemical alterations in ribonucleic acid (RNA) metabolism of the renal tissue have been reported recently (1). They are: RNA content and concentration, orotic acid-c14 incorporation into RNA and acid soluble nucleotide pool, intracellular localization of the newly synthesized RNA, and the specific activity of enzymes of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway. The present report describes the light and electron microscopic observations in these animals. For light microscopy, kidney slices were fixed in formalin, embedded, sectioned, and stained with H & E and PAS.

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