scholarly journals Feed Composition Differences Resulting from Organic and Conventional Farming Practices Affect Physiological Parameters in Wistar Rats—Results from a Factorial, Two-Generation Dietary Intervention Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 377
Author(s):  
Marcin Barański ◽  
Dominika Średnicka-Tober ◽  
Leonidas Rempelos ◽  
Gultakin Hasanaliyeva ◽  
Joanna Gromadzka-Ostrowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Feed Composition ◽  
Npk Fertilizer

Recent human cohort studies reported positive associations between organic food consumption and a lower incidence of obesity, cancer, and several other diseases. However, there are very few animal and human dietary intervention studies that provide supporting evidence or a mechanistic understanding of these associations. Here we report results from a two-generation, dietary intervention study with male Wistar rats to identify the effects of feeds made from organic and conventional crops on growth, hormonal, and immune system parameters that are known to affect the risk of a number of chronic, non-communicable diseases in animals and humans. A 2 × 2 factorial design was used to separate the effects of contrasting crop protection methods (use or non-use of synthetic chemical pesticides) and fertilizers (mineral nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) fertilizers vs. manure use) applied in conventional and organic crop production. Conventional, pesticide-based crop protection resulted in significantly lower fiber, polyphenol, flavonoid, and lutein, but higher lipid, aldicarb, and diquat concentrations in animal feeds. Conventional, mineral NPK-based fertilization resulted in significantly lower polyphenol, but higher cadmium and protein concentrations in feeds. Feed composition differences resulting from the use of pesticides and/or mineral NPK-fertilizer had a significant effect on feed intake, weight gain, plasma hormone, and immunoglobulin concentrations, and lymphocyte proliferation in both generations of rats and in the second generation also on the body weight at weaning. Results suggest that relatively small changes in dietary intakes of (a) protein, lipids, and fiber, (b) toxic and/or endocrine-disrupting pesticides and metals, and (c) polyphenols and other antioxidants (resulting from pesticide and/or mineral NPK-fertilizer use) had complex and often interactive effects on endocrine, immune systems and growth parameters in rats. However, the physiological responses to contrasting feed composition/intake profiles differed substantially between the first and second generations of rats. This may indicate epigenetic programming and/or the generation of “adaptive” phenotypes and should be investigated further.

scholarly journals Agro-Waste Mediated Silica Nanoparticles and Their Application to Sustainable Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Goswami ◽  
Jyoti Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mycelia Growth ◽  
Ecological Unit

Abstract Sustainable managing of environment implies the utilization of green approaches in agronomy for growth and crop protection. Since crop production is determined by extensive application of pesticide to resist plant infection and fertilizers to increase fertility of soil, these processes result in ecological unit deterioration as well economic cost. The current research aims at assessment of the potential of nanofertilizers and fungicidal activity of Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) which have synthesized from agro-waste (sugarcane bagasse and corn cob).SiNPs Nanoparticles display exceptional biological functions and might behave as novel antifungal agents. SiNPs were characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX).The plant reaction to SiNPs treatments were observed in relation to germination, growth characteristics, protein, chlorophyll, antioxidant and antifungal activities. Germination rate was enhanced upto 95.5% with SiNPsconcentration and growth parameters were increased upto1000ugL-1. The physiological changes showed the increment in protein and chlorophyll content upto 14.8mg g-1 and 4.08 mg g-1, respectively. Other than this, maximum mycelia growth inhibition was reported for Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger as73.42% and 58.92%, respectively. SiNPs positive response on Eruca sativa plant might improve its productivity and act as a potential antifungal agent against pathogenic fungi.

Parathyroid gland before and after cisplatin treatment

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 860-861
Author(s):  
S.K. Aggarwal ◽  
J.M. Fadool
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Gland ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Antitumor Agent ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Primary Mechanism ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dna Strands

Cisplatin (CDDP) a potent antitumor agent suffers from severe toxic side effects with nephrotoxicity being the major dose-limiting factor, The primary mechanism of its action has been proposed to be through its cross-linking DNA strands. It has also been shown to inactivate various transport enzymes and induce hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia that may be the underlying cause for some of its toxicities. The present is an effort to study its influence on the parathyroid gland for any hormonal changes that control calcium levels in the body.Male Swiss Wistar rats (Crl: (WI) BR) weighing 200-300 g and of 60 days in age were injected (ip) with cisplatin (7mg/kg in normal saline). The controls received saline injections only. The animals were injected (iv) with calcium (0.5 ml of 10% calcium gluconate/day) and were killed by decapitation on day 1 through 5. Trunk blood was collected in heparinized tubes.

The Role of Polyphenols in the Modulation of Plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC)

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Serafini ◽  
Giuseppa Morabito
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

Dietary polyphenols have been shown to scavenge free radicals, modulating cellular redox transcription factors in different in vitro and ex vivo models. Dietary intervention studies have shown that consumption of plant foods modulates plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC), a biomarker of the endogenous antioxidant network, in human subjects. However, the identification of the molecules responsible for this effect are yet to be obtained and evidences of an antioxidant in vivo action of polyphenols are conflicting. There is a clear discrepancy between polyphenols (PP) concentration in body fluids and the extent of increase of plasma NEAC. The low degree of absorption and the extensive metabolism of PP within the body have raised questions about their contribution to the endogenous antioxidant network. This work will discuss the role of polyphenols from galenic preparation, food extracts, and selected dietary sources as modulators of plasma NEAC in humans.

scholarly journals Agro-Nanotechnology as an Emerging Field: A Novel Sustainable Approach for Improving Plant Growth by Reducing Biotic Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2282
Author(s):  
Masudulla Khan ◽  
Azhar U. Khan ◽  
Mohd Abul Hasan ◽  
Krishna Kumar Yadav ◽  
Marina M. C. Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Plant Disease Management

In the present era, the global need for food is increasing rapidly; nanomaterials are a useful tool for improving crop production and yield. The application of nanomaterials can improve plant growth parameters. Biotic stress is induced by many microbes in crops and causes disease and high yield loss. Every year, approximately 20–40% of crop yield is lost due to plant diseases caused by various pests and pathogens. Current plant disease or biotic stress management mainly relies on toxic fungicides and pesticides that are potentially harmful to the environment. Nanotechnology emerged as an alternative for the sustainable and eco-friendly management of biotic stress induced by pests and pathogens on crops. In this review article, we assess the role and impact of different nanoparticles in plant disease management, and this review explores the direction in which nanoparticles can be utilized for improving plant growth and crop yield.

PSV-19 Effect of Low Nutrient Density Diet with Probiotic Mixture (B. Subtilis ms1, B. Licheniformis SF5-1, and S. Cerevisiae) Supplementation on Performance of Weaner Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 193-195
Author(s):  
Vetriselvi Sampath ◽  
Hyun Ju Park ◽  
Yong min Kim ◽  
Je Min Ahn ◽  
Inho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
The Body ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Weaner Pigs

Abstract BACKGROUND: A total of one hundred and forty, 28 d-old weaner pigs [Duroc x (Yorkshire x Landrace)] with initial body weight (BW) of 6.56±1.25kg were used in a six-week treatment (7 replicate pens per treatment; barrows, and 2 gilts/pen) to evaluate the effect of low nutrient density diet supplement with probiotic mixture supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbial, and gas emission of weaner pigs. RESULTS: Pigs fed low-density diet with probiotic mixture supplementation had linearly increased (P = 0.028, 0.014) the body weight (BW) at weeks 3, and 6. Moreover, average daily gain (ADG) was linearly improved (P=0.018, 0.014, 0.014) at week 3, 6, and overall experiment. However, there were no interactive effects found on the nutrient digestibility of dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N) and energy (E) throughout the experiment. Dietary inclusion of low-density diet with probiotic mixture supplementation has improved the fecal lactobacillus counts linearly, but E. coli was unaffected during the trail. On day 42, Ammonium gas emission was significantly decrease in pigs fed a low-density diet with probiotic mixture supplementation. However, H2S, acetic acid, and CO2 were not significantly affected by the probiotic mixture supplementation diet. CONCLUSION: Low-density diet with probiotic mixture supplementation had positively affected the growth performance, fecal microbial, and fecal gas emission on weaner pigs.

scholarly journals Impact of Vanadium Complexes Treatment on the Oxidative Stress Factors in Wistar Rats Plasma

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Francik ◽  
M. Krośniak ◽  
M. Barlik ◽  
A. Kudła ◽  
R. Gryboś ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vanadium Complexes ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Reducing Ability ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of vanadium complexes on triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (Chol), uric acid (UA), urea (U), and antioxidant parameters: nonenzymatic (FRAP—ferric reducing ability of plasma, and reduced glutathione—GSH) and enzymatic (glutathione peroxidase—GPx, catalase—CAT, and GPx/CAT ratio) activity in the plasma of healthy male Wistar rats. Three vanadium complexes: [VO(bpy)2]SO4⋅2H2O, [VO(4,4′Me2bpy)2]SO4⋅2H2O, and Na[VO(O2)2(bpy)]⋅8H2O are administered by gavage during 5 weeks in two different diets such as control (C) and high fatty (F) diets. Changes of biochemical and antioxidants parameters are measured in plasma. All three vanadium complexes statistically decrease the body mass growth in comparison to the control and fatty diet. In plasma GSH was statistically increased in all vanadium complexes-treated rats from control and fatty group in comparison to only control group. Calculated GPX/CAT ratio was the highest in the control group in comparison to others.

The Effect of Exposure Process of Toluene To The Spermatogonia Cell a Rattus Strain Wistar

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ilyas Iqbal ◽  
Muchtaruddin Mansyur ◽  
Pudji Sari ◽  
Dwi Anita Suryandari ◽  
Pramudianto
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
A Cells ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Toluene Exposure ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
Acute And Chronic Exposure

Intoduction: Acute and chronic exposure to toluene at high doses is known to affect all organs of the body including the spermatogenesis process. In the industrial sector, the use of toluene as a solvent is still widely used, up to 10 million tons per year. The control over health problems that may occur is carried out by applying work exposure threshold values. This research aims to explore the effect of toluene exposure at the threshold value range on spermatogenesis.Method: This research used laboratory experiment on 30 male Wistar rats which were divided into five groups of different exposure levels, namely 12.5 parts per million (ppm], 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, and no exposure (control). Exposure was given for 4 hours daily over 14 days through a hood with measured release in the glass cage. The toluene exposure markers observed were Malondialdehyde (MDA) in the blood tissue and testicles using the Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) method. The effect on the spermatogenicity process was assessed by counting the spermatogonia A cells of male Wistar rats with Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining and is calculated by the Abercrombie formula. Analysis of the correlation between the level of exposure and its effect on the increase in malondialdehyde, and spermatogenesis was carried out using the Spearman correlation analysis.Result: There was a moderately positive correlation between levels of toluene exposure and plasma MDA levels (r = 0.42; p = 0.025). Meanwhile, on [the issue of] the quantity of spermatogonia cells, a high level of negative correlation with exposure levels was obtained (r = -0.68; p = 0.001).Conclusion: Toluene exposure in male Wistar rats within the range of threshold values influenced the increase in plasma MDA levels and decreased the Spermatogenia A cells. However, toluene exposure did not affect the testicular MDA levels of male Wistar rats.

BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF HYDROETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF IRVINGIA WOMBOLU KERNELS ON RAT LIVER AND KIDNEY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oyetunji Timothy Kolawole ◽  
Akeem Ademola Ayankunle ◽  
Olayemi Kamoru Wakeel ◽  
Anthony Tope Olofinnade ◽  
Olatunde Samson Olaniyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
The Body ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽  
North East

Objective: Many plants are consumed as food by humans for growth and survival, but a large number of these plants have not been tested for toxicity potential. Repeated consumption of such plants could lead to accumulation of toxic chemicals in the body and cause health-related problems. Irvingia wombolu kernel is widely consumed by many ethnic groups in Nigeria and some other African countries. The toxicity potentials of Irvingia wombolu kernel extract (IWKE) on the kidney and liver of rats was evaluated in this study. Methods: Three groups of Wistar rats were fed orally with IWKE (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg b.w) daily for 28 days. The fourth group which is the control was treated with distilled water (10 ml/kg b.w) for the same period.  The rats were sacrificed on the 29th day, and blood samples, kidney and liver were harvested for analyses. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total protein, albumin, bilirubin, creatinine, and urea were determined. Kidney and liver sections were examined for histopathological changes. Data were subjected to Student’s t-test for statistical analysis. Results: Serum levels of creatinine and urea were not significantly altered in the IWKE-treated rats compared with the control. At 200 mg/kg b.w, the extract significantly increased (p<0.05) serum levels of ALT, AST, total bilirubin, total protein, and albumin compared with the control. Significant distortions were observed in the liver sections of rats treated with 200 mg/kg b.w IWKE compared with control, but the structure of the kidney section of IWKE-treated rats was not significantly different from the control. Conclusion: The results showed that repeated ingestion of Irvingia wombolu kernel at a dose of 200 mg/kg b.w for 28 days induced liver damage, but does not significantly affect renal function.                       Peer Review History: Received: 9 September 2021; Revised: 12 October; Accepted: 27 October, Available online: 15 November 2021 Academic Editor:  Dr. Ali Abdullah Al-yahawi, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, [email protected] UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency.  Received file:                Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10 Reviewers: Dr. Sangeetha Arullappan, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia, [email protected] Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, [email protected] Taha A.I. El Bassossy, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt, [email protected] Dr. Nazim Hussain, North East Frontier Technical University, Arunachal pradesh, India, [email protected] Similar Articles: MYOCARDIAL POTENCY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF HARUNGANA MADAGASCARIENSIS STEM BARK AGAINST ISOPROTERENOL-INDUCED MYOCARDIAL DAMAGE IN RATS PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF RUSSELIA EQUISETIFORMIS AGAINST PARACETAMOL-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN WISTAR RATS

Dietary Choline Deprivation Exacerbates Cardiomyopathy in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Adult Rats

Diabetology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 190-204
Author(s):  
Ahmed Al-Humadi ◽  
Athina Strilakou ◽  
Hussam Al-Humadi ◽  
Rafal Al-Saigh ◽  
Emmanouel Agapitos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Myocardial Dysfunction ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Myocardial Inflammation ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Choline (Ch) is an essential molecule of substantial importance for the optimal development and function of several biological systems. Ch deprivation has been linked with abnormal fat metabolism, insulin resistance, and myocardial dysfunction. The current study provides evidence of an exacerbation of streptozotocin-induced cardiomyopathy in adult diabetic Wistar rats by dietary Ch deprivation through the administration of a Ch-deprived diet (CDD). Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats were randomly separated into four groups: control, diabetic (DM), choline-deprived through choline-deprived diet (CD), and diabetic choline-deprived (DM + CD). After five weeks of dietary intervention, myocardium echocardiographic and histological assessments were performed. Choline-deprived diabetic rats exhibited significantly slower heart rate, significantly higher myocardial ejection velocity and left ventricle wall tension index with a concomitant significant decreased LV posterior wall thickness as compared to diabetic rats fed on a standard diet. Moreover, histopathological evidence demonstrated an exacerbation of myocardial inflammation and fibrosis associated with significant up-regulation of VEGF expression in the diabetic rat myocardium as a result of Ch deprivation. The study’s findings are of particular significance since the examined experimental approach introduces a previously uncharacterised comorbidity simulation with regards to myocardial structure and functional profiling.

CERTIFICATION SUBSIDIZING AND ORGANIC PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 580-593
Author(s):  
M A. Bryzgalina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Saratov Region ◽  
Annual Volume ◽  
The Government

The demand for organic food is a prerequisite for the formation and development of organic agriculture, and the task of promoting it on domestic and foreign markets is among the priority ones. A serious problem in the sale of this category of goods to the domestic food markets of the country is the distrust of potential consumers. It is possible to solve this problem through certification and the use of a well-known brand. Certification of manufacturers of environmentally friendly products is a rather complicated and expensive procedure, therefore it is not available for most agricultural producers in the Saratov region. However, basing on the fact that today the task of developing the organic agriculture industry is set at the level of the government of the country, it is possible to solve this problem with the support of the state. The article examines the enterprises of the Saratov region of various legal forms, which do not use fertilizers and chemical means of crop protection in the production of crop production. Using the example of agricultural organizations and farms in the region, a mechanism for subsidizing certification of the most promising producers of organic wheat (winter and spring) is proposed, which includes the allocation of targeted subsidies for its implementation. As a criterion for the selection of applicants for this type of state support, as well as the distribution of budgetary resources between them, it is proposed to use the average indicator (potential) of the annual volume of organic production in the work. As a result, direct participants in certification subsidies were selected from the compiled sample of the studied enterprises that do not use chemical plant protection products and mineral fertilizers and the total annual volume of their marketable wheat was determined. The author determined the maximum cost of quality confirmation procedures for one enterprise, taking into account the increasing coefficients per one day of inspection, and also established the largest amount of budgetary resources that may be spent on the implementation of the proposed measure. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed certification subsidy mechanism, the author developed formulas for determining the selling price of products in the promising organic segment, taking into account its increase by the level of premium premiums.

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