An analysis and evaluation of the taxation level in the Russian Federation on the present stage

Author(s):  
Е.Е. НОЕВА

Налоги являются основным источником бюджетных доходов. Соответственно, от эффективности организации налоговой системы, представляющей собой совокупность установленных налогов и сборов, мер по обеспечению их уплаты, форм налогового контроля и т.д., зависит обеспеченность государства ресурсами, необходимыми для реализации его функций. В данной работе рассматриваются показатели, характеризующие уровень налогообложения в РФ и его изменение за период с 2016 по 2020 г., в том числе под влиянием кризиса, вызванного пандемией. Результаты исследования показали, что уровень налогообложения в России хоть и незначительно, но постоянно рос в течение рассматриваемого периода, вплоть до начала пандемии. На изменение показателя, в первую очередь, повлияло увеличение налоговых изъятий в бюджет в сочетании с уменьшением числа занятых, являющихся основными плательщиками налогов в рамках данной системы оценки. Темп роста показателя среднедушевой налоговой квоты опережает темп роста среднедушевой квоты валового внутреннего продукта (далее – ВВП). Кроме того, отмечено увеличение показателя налогоемкости ВВП. Согласно классификации налоговых систем по уровню налоговой нагрузки, сегодня Россия относится к категории стран с умеренно-фискальной налоговой системой. Таким образом, уровень налоговой нагрузки на экономику и население в РФ можно назвать умеренным, хотя и с тенденцией к увеличению. Повышение уровня налогообложения увеличивает объем налоговых доходов, однако, со временем может привести к негативным последствиям. Дальнейшая реализация бюджетно-налоговой политики в данном направлении потребует соблюдения баланса интересов государства и налогоплательщиков при разработке приоритетов налогового регулирования. Taxes are the main source of budget revenues. Accordingly, the provision of the state with the resources necessary for the implementation of its functions depends on the efficiency of the organization of the tax system, which is a set of established taxes and fees, measures to ensure their payment, forms of tax control, etc. This paper examines the indicators characterizing the level of taxation in the Russian Federation and its change over the period from 2016 to 2020, including under the influence of the crisis caused by the pandemic. The results of the study showed that the level of taxation in Russia, albeit insignificantly, but constantly was growing during the period under review, right up to the start of the pandemic. The change in the indicator, first of all, was influenced by an increase in tax withdrawals to the budget, combined with a decrease in the number of employed, who are the main payers of taxes within the framework of this assessment system. The growth rate of the average per capita tax quota exceeds the growth rate of the per capita GDP quota. In addition, an increase in the rate of tax intensity of GDP was noted. According to the classification of tax systems by the level of tax burden, today Russia belongs to the category of countries with a moderate fiscal tax system. Thus, the level of tax burden on the economy and population in the Russian Federation can be called moderate, although with a tendency to increase. Raising the level of taxation increases the volume of tax revenues, however, over time, it can lead to negative consequences. Further implementation of fiscal policy in this direction will require maintaining a balance of interests of the state and taxpayers when developing priorities for tax regulation.

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 13007
Author(s):  
Elena Sivolapenko ◽  
Ekaterina Sapozhnikova

Taxes are an integral part of the economic system, not only of any state, but also of each individual organization. The influence of the tax system on the state and development of the economy is an indisputable fact. Tax planning is an effective tool to reduce the tax burden of organizations in the Russian Federation. However, today it is not a recognized method of reducing the costs of an organization, despite its cost-effectiveness, legality and stability. The purpose of this article is to study the tax planning method as an effective tool to reduce the tax burden used by organizations in the Russian Federation. The result of the study is the analysis of the calculations of the tax burden of the organization when applying various tax regimes provided for by the current legislation for individual entrepreneurs.


Author(s):  
Вера Шумилина ◽  
Vera Shumilina ◽  
Анастасия Борзых ◽  
Anastasia Borzykh ◽  
Александр Трандофилов ◽  
...  

The article discusses the features and main ways to improve the functioning of the tax system of the Russian Federation. The main criteria of functional characteristics of the category of taxes are revealed. The main directions of management of the tax system in the financial activities of the state. The most effective measures to improve the tax system are identified.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
L. V. AGARKOVA ◽  
◽  
V. V. AGARKOV ◽  
M. G. RUSETSKY ◽  
◽  
...  

In the context of the globalization of the world economy, the issue of ensuring the financial security of the state is a condition of its national security and acquires special significance. The article examines the indicators of financial security, establishes a system of precursors - indicators of the financial security of the state, allowing to predict the onset of negative consequences. the main indicators of the financial security of the Russian Federation were assessed.


Author(s):  
Alina V. Agzamova ◽  
Alena E. Zaborovskaya

In modern economic conditions, the state of small business is an indicator that reflects the dynamics of the development of the main socio-economic trends occurring in the country. In return, the current crisis phenomena have a negative impact on the development of small business, which contributes to the formation of the middle class, which makes up a significant part of the economically active population of the country. Despite all the measures provided by the government of the Russian Federation (tax holidays, subsidies, reduction of the tax burden due to the introduction of special tax regimes, etc.), the number of small businesses is decreasing. This article analyzes the current state of the state’s tax policy in relation to small enterprises, examines the issues of taxation of small enterprises in Russia, and identifies the main trends and disadvantages of taxation of small businesses. The most complex and urgent problems of functioning and further development of small businesses are identified and characterized. Statistical data on the dynamics and structure of small businesses by type of economic activity in Russia, the dynamics of the tax burden on small businesses, and tax revenues to the budget of the Russian Federation are presented and analyzed. The article substantiates the need to reform the tax system as a necessary measure to support small businesses, designed to improve and accelerate the dynamics of socio-economic development of the state.


2003 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 321-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Kovalev ◽  
Johann Koeppel

The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) system in the Russian Federation has an extensive set of rules, the main ones are the Assessment of the Environmental Impact (OVOS) of a project and the State Environmental Review (SER). The SER is designed as an investigation of both a project and of its OVOS by an independent expert commission, which is appointed by the federal and regional environmental bodies. The decision of the commission is binding. In addition, a Public Environmental Review (PER) can be conducted by NGOs and recognised by the state. A mandatory component of the EIA in Russia is public participation. The process of public participation is regulated by Russian legislation (for example the Land Code, the OVOS guidelines and autonomous regional laws) and can take various forms. All these opportunities are established on paper; in reality, they are not always taken into account. There are a number of case studies used to observe the extent to which the public has an impact on environmental decision-making. Selected cases include examples in which the public was passive, in which it undertook limited activities, and in which participation was strong and projects were improved or stopped.


Author(s):  
Ахмедан Аминович Саидов

Статья посвящена исследованию степени соответствия современной политики российского государства в сфере образования, процессов, происходящих в региональных университетах, политико-правовым основам многонациональной Российской Федерации, заложенным в Конституции, других важнейших документах, определяющих принципы её государственно-территориального устройства. Эти основы официально гарантируют российским народам и регионам всестороннее социокультурное, образовательное, научно-технологическое развитие. Целью работы является всесторонний анализ просчётов деятельности российского государства в образовательной сфере в постсоветский период, приведших к проблемам, не позволяющим региональным университетам сегодня решать возлагаемые на них обществом функции, а также поиск путей их решения. Процесс реализации данной цели определил следующие задачи: проанализировать степень соответствия постсоветской политики российского государства в образовательной сфере провозглашённым политико-правовым основам государственного устройства РФ, гарантиям социокультурного развития российских народов; выявить взаимосвязь результатов современных реформ в системе высшего образования с объективными функциями региональных университетов РФ; раскрыть позитивный потенциал региональных университетов в решении социально-экономических, социокультурных проблем регионов и народов РФ, сохранении и укреплении её евразийской цивилизационной сущности; исследовать негативные последствия постсоветских реформ, отразившихся на состояние дел в региональных университетах, наметить пути решения возникающих проблем; показать важность учёта этнокультурного компонента в системе образования многонациональной РФ, определяющего личностные и профессиональные качества подрастающих поколений, способствующего достижению межнационального согласия и стабильности в российском обществе. The paper is devoted to the study of the degree of compliance of the modern policy of the Russian state in the field of education, the processes taking place in regional universities with the political and legal foundations of the multinational Russian Federation, laid down in the Constitution, and other important documents that determine the principles of its state-territorial structure. These foundations officially guarantee the Russian peoples and regions comprehensive socio-cultural, educational, scientific and technological development. The purpose of the work is a comprehensive analysis of the miscalculations of the activities of the Russian state in the educational sphere in the post-Soviet period, which led to problems that do not allow regional universities today to solve the functions assigned to them by society, as well as the search for ways to solve them. The process of implementing this goal defined the following tasks: to analyze the degree of compliance of the post-Soviet policy of the Russian state in the educational sphere with the proclaimed political and legal foundations of the state structure of the Russian Federation, guarantees of the socio-cultural development of Russian peoples; to identify the relationship of the results of modern reforms in the higher education system with the objective functions of regional universities of the Russian Federation; to unleash the positive potential of regional universities in solving the socio-economic, sociocultural problems of the regions and peoples of the Russian Federation, preserving and strengthening its Eurasian civilizational essence; investigate the negative consequences of post-Soviet reforms on the state of affairs in regional universities, outline ways to solve emerging problems; show the importance of taking into account the ethnocultural component in the education system of the multinational Russian Federation, which determines the personal and professional qualities of younger generations, which contributes to the achievement of interethnic harmony and stability in Russian society.


2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 76-85
Author(s):  
V G Baev ◽  
I A Kalinina

The purpose of this article is to study the possibilities of public-private partnership in the in realization of environmental policy of the Russian Federation and the Concept of sustainable development. Authors consider that the Russian government should be solving in the process of development of the Russian economy problems of ecology (providing the favorable environment; decrease in anthropogenous load of the environment; increase in efficiency of use of energy resources; correction of negative consequences of resource-intensive industrial development). The public-private partnership is investigated as special legal institute and as a form of interaction between government and business. The potential of public-private partnership in solving problems in the sphere of ecology is studied in these planes.Public-private partnership is studied in various aspects: form of investment in environmental protection; mechanism of achievement of ecological interests of the state and society; a way of stimulation of introduction in economy of innovations which are capable to provide interests of ecosystems.Authors support adoption of the comprehensive and integrated programmatic law which will provide a triad of interests: investments - innovations - ecology. The analysis of legal base of public-private partnership and programmatic laws on sustainable development of the Russian Federation has allowed to draw a conclusion on absence between them direct connection. This has a negative impact on the implementation possibilities of state-private partnership to overcome the environmental crisis. Authors offer changes in the legislation for elimination of this inconsistency. They define the problems of public initiative and public oversight in public-private partnership in the field of ecology.Authors approve need of creation of mechanisms of public control for this sphere.


2001 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (1-2) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
T. B. Dmitrieva

The goal of the state social policy in relation to the situation of children in the Russian Federation is to overcome the negative trends caused by the influence of economic and political factors, to stabilize the situation in protecting the health of the younger generation and to create real conditions for consolidating positive dynamics in the life support of children. The reaction of society and the state mainly to negative consequences in the children's environment is suboptimal and ineffective. The need arose to define new conceptual approaches to protecting the health and development of children.


2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-234
Author(s):  
E. E. Rumyantseva

This article describes the various approaches to the analysis of the current situation and the justification of the further development prospects of the Russian industry represented at the round table on June 21,2018 inthe State Duma of Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on a subject: «Legislative providing industrial policy of the Russian Federation: technologies, innovations, investments». Attention had also been drawn to issues requiring the globalization, the industrial development inequality of the countries of the world and the Russian regions, the dependences of economic growth on the state of the knowledge economy, the industrial and monetary and credit policy interrelations, the changes in the system of the state regulation of the Russian industry, the business moods, the technological updating results of the industrial enterprises, the features of the investment projects financing in Russia and in industrialized countries, the prospects of the introduction in Russia of the digital technologies of the industrial production management. Among offers of the situation significant improvement there are: the providing for the economic relations participants of the equal competitive opportunities; the completion of the Federal law «About Industrial Policy in the Russian Federation», the involvement in the economy of free money, the updating on the basis of the problems settlement with the financing of the enterprises of the fixed assets, the selective development of the import substitution, the distribution of the positive experience of the successful industrial companies. The author points to a need of the involvement in the discussion and the other important questions concerning the comprehensive analysis of the reasons of the serious lag of the Russian enterprises from the enterprises of the industrialized countries generating the negative consequences; the labor productivity at the industrial enterprises of the different countries of the world and factors of its growth; the influences of the developed bureaucracy, the administrative barriers, the corruption on a situation in the various industries, the applications of the concept of the economical production, the energy productivity and a resource conservation, etc.


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