The best potato cultivars for Kostroma region

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-25
Author(s):  
Н.М. Куклина ◽  
Д.Г. Гвазава
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Scientific Research Institute ◽  
Early Group ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus ◽  
Plot Area ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
High Output

В работе представлены исследования эффективности выращивания сортов картофеля разных сроков созревания в Костромской области. Опыт проводили в 2017-2019 годах на опытном поле научного севооборота ФГБНУ «Костромской НИИСХ». Использовали десять сортов картофеля отечественной селекции разных сроков созревания. Были взяты следующие сорта: группа ранних и среднеранних – Метеор, Башкирский, Красавчик и Варяг, группа среднеспелых и среднепоздних – Вымпел, Фаворит, Великан, Колобок, Накра и Никулинский. Цель исследований: найти лучшие перспективные сорта для Костромской области. Площадь делянки в опыте – 8,4 м2, повторность – трехкратная, расположение сортов – систематическое, количество рядов каждого сорта – 2 шт., длина рядов – 6,0 м. Схема посадки 70×30 см, посадка – вручную в нарезанные гребни. На участке под опытом дерново-подзолистая, легкосуглинистая, слабокислая почва. Содержание гумуса – 2,53-2,95%, подвижного фосфора и обменного калия – 660 и 184 мг/кг почвы соответственно. Агротехника выращивания общепринятая для Костромской области. Внесено комплексное минеральное удобрение в дозе N26P38K38. Трехлетние исследования по выращиванию десяти сортов картофеля отечественной селекции разных групп спелости показали, что в условиях Костромской области средняя урожайность варьировала от 21,3 до 39,3 т/га. Товарность в среднем составила от 50,3 до 90,8%. По результатам исследований выявлены наиболее устойчивые к вирусным болезням сорта. Определены сорта картофеля, наиболее устойчивые к фитофторозу и альтернариозу. Также выявлены сорта с наибольшим количеством сухого вещества и крахмала. По итогам исследований экономически выгодными для выращивания в регионе оказались сорта Накра и Никулинский. За счет высокого выхода товарной продукции при выращивании сортов картофеля Накра и Никулинский обеспечивается рентабельность производства на уровне 15-26%. Эти сорта могут быть рекомендованы производителям картофеля Костромской области. Investigations on the efficiency of growing of potato kinds of different ripeness time for the conditions of Kostroma Region are presented in the work. The experiment was carried out in 2017-2019 on the experimental field of scientific crop rotation of the FSBSI Kostroma Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture. Ten potato kinds of Russian selection of different ripeness time were used in the investigations. Such kinds as the early and middle-early group – Meteor, Bashkirskiy, Krasavchik and Viking – as well as the group of the average-ripe and moderately late – Vimpel, Favorite, Velikan, Kolobok, Nakra and Nikulinskiy – were taken. The purpose of the investigations is to find the best promising kinds for Kostroma Region. Plot area in the experiment is 8.4 m2, repetition, three times; arrangement of potato kinds, systematic; number of rows of each kind is two; length of rows is 6.0 m. Scheme of planting 70×30 cm, planting potatoes manually in chopped ridges. The soil on the plot under experiment is sod-podzolic, light-loam, slightly acidic. Humus content is 2.53-2.95%, mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium, 660 and 184 mg/kg of soil, respectively. Agriculture is generally accepted for Kostroma Region. Complex mineral fertiliser is introduced at dose N26P38K38. Three-year investigations into the cultivation of ten potato kinds of Russian selection of different ripeness groups showed that in the conditions of Kostroma Region, the average crop yield ranged from 21.3 to 39.3 tonnes per hectare. Marketability ranged from 50.3% to 90.8% on average. The kinds most resistant to viral phytopathology are identified by the results of investigations. The potato kinds most resistant to phytofluorosis and alternariosis are defined. The kinds with the highest amount of dry matter and starch are identified as well. The kinds Nakra and Nikulinskiy appeared to be economically profitable for cultivation in the region in the investigations. Thanks to the high output of commercial products, when growing potato kinds Nakra and Nikulinskiy, production profitability is provided at the level of 15-26%. These kinds are to be recommended to potato producers in Kostroma Region.

scholarly journals Agrochemical properties of degraded desert sandy soils of Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 02025
Author(s):  
Muradjon Karimov ◽  
Normamat Namozov ◽  
Bekzod Teshaboev
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus ◽  
Agrochemical Properties ◽  
Very High

This article presents the results of research conducted in desert sandy soils. The study found that the humus content in the soil was moderate in the upper layer, very low and low in the nitrate form of nitrogen, the amount of mobile phosphorus was low in the surface layer of the soil, and very low in the 1 m layer, high and very high in exchangeable potassium.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF LEGUMINOUS PLANTS AS PRECEDENTS ON PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF POTATOES

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
Marina Yakovleva ◽  
Vladislav Dimitriev ◽  
Georgiy Mefod'ev
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus ◽  
Heavy Loam ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Chuvash Republic ◽  
Leguminous Crops

The purpose of the study is to study the possibility of using leguminous crops for grain as potato precursors. Field experiments were carried out in 2017–2019 in Krasnoarmeyskiy district of the Chuvash Republic. The soil of the experimental plot is gray forest, heavy loam granulometric composition with a humus content in the arable layer of 3.9%, mobile phosphorus - 140 and exchange potassium - 160 mg/kg of soil, pH - 5.1 units. Narrow leaf lupine, soybeans and fodder beans for grain were used as potato precursors; control was employed steam (vetch barley mixture for green fodder). Potato planting was carried out on May 10. The repetition of the experiment is 3 times, the size of the plots is 1.5 per 10 m, an area of 15 m2. The planting scheme of potatoes is 70 by 30 cm with embedment of tubers to a depth of 6 ... 8 cm. In the experiment, an early ripe variety Udacha was grown. Before planting, the tubers were treated with the insecto-fungicide Emesto Quantum (0.32 l/t). Plant care included pre-emergence and two post-emergence row-spacings cultivation, hilling, and weeding. The best precursors for potatoes are narrow-leaved lupins and soybeans. In these cases, there is a significant increase in tuber yield by 31.2 and 30.8%, dry matter - by 6.7 and 9.2%, and starch - by 4.3 and 5.5%, respectively.

scholarly journals The role of soil fertility in the management of agricultural bioproductivity

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
O. V. Ruleva ◽  
E. V. Seminchenko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Optimal Selection ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Selection Of

Relevance and methods. The optimal selection of precursors and methods of biologization can increase the return of organic matter to the soil, increase the yield and productivity of crops. Corn was studied on irrigation, and crops (sorghum, oats, winter wheat) in crop rotation were studied on the bogar. To elucidate the general patterns of plant development in the system of forest strips and in experimental fields (bogar), statistical processing of the research results was used in the Exel and Statistica software packages, which is based on the generalization and synthesis of the results, which makes it possible to reach forecasts of plant development during the growing season. The soil is light chestnut, heavy loamy, with a humus content in the arable layer of 1.74%, the pH of the soil solution is 8.1. The content of easily hydro-lyzable nitrogen is low — 3.2–3.9 mg/100 g of soil, average phosphorus mobile — 2.1–3 mg and exchange potassium increased — 30–40 mg/100 g of soil. The amount of average annual rainfall is 339.7 mm.Results. A study of the data showed that regardless of crop rotation the maximum content of nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) was observed in the tillering phase, then decreased. The correlation coefficient on irrigation shows the tightness of communication over the entire array and gives grounds to use the approximation of the multiple regression equation as predictive in the system of forest stripes on irrigation: Y = a + b1 Х1 + b2X2 and on the dry land: Y = a + b1X1 + b2X2 + b3X3. In dry years the yield of grain crops (corn, sorghum, oats, winter wheat) ranges from 0.59 to 1.73 t/ha. In wet years the yield of grain crops increases to 4.95 t/ha. With the help of programs you can calculate the amount of fertilizer for a given yield and manage the bioproductivity of crops in the system of forest belts and on the dry land. The importance of soil fertility in managing bioproductivity is based on the optimal selection of precursors and methods of biologization, which can increase the yield of grain crops. The scope of the recommendations is the Lower Volga soil zone.

scholarly journals Productivity of fodder crop rotations and their impact on the fertility of leached chernozem

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
R. F. Galeev ◽  
O. N. Shashkova
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Fodder Crop ◽  
Leached Chernozem

The paper presents the results of the study on the effect of methods for improving a six-field fodder crop rotation on productivity indicators and the content of macroelements available for plants (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) in a layer of 0-40 cmof leached chernozem in two rotations. Field studies were carried out in 2008–2019 in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia. Improvement techniques included introduction of mineral fertilizers, oversowing legumes and oversowing legumes alongside the use of fertilizers. Oversowing legumes in crop rotation fields resulted in the productivity which was not lower than with the application of mineral fertilizer system. When fertilizers were applied, collection of dry matter in the first and second rotation from a unit of crop rotation area increased by 1.6–1.7 times compared to the control, namely 4.20 and6.30 t/ha, respectively, whereas when legumes were sown in each field, the increase was 1.5–1.8 times (3.97–6.59 t/ha). When both these methods were combined, the yield of dry matter in rotations increased by 1.6–1.8 times (4.32–6.98 t/ha). The alternation of crops in the crop rotation alongside improvement methods during the first two rotations contributed to the 1.7 times increase of nitrate nitrogen in the 0–20 cm layer with the use of mineral fertilizers (3.9 mg/kg of soil), and with legume oversowing – 2.5 times (5.7 mg/kg). The positive effect of crop alternation on the reserves of mobile phosphates in the soil in the control crop rotation was identified. The total amount of mobile phosphates in the experiment was 68 mg/kg in the 0–20 cm layer, and 21 mg/kg in the 20–40 cm layer. By the end of the first rotation, their increase reached 108 and 99 mg/kg, by the end of the second – 239 and 214 mg/kg, respectively. By the end of the second rotation, there was a slight increase in exchangeable potassium in the 0–40 cm layer in the control crop rotation, which was more significant in the 20–40 cm layer – from 97 to 103 mg/kg. In 2018, the mineral fertilization system of cereal crop rotation led to a decrease in exchangeable potassium compared to the control from 116 to 104 mg/kg of soil in the 0–20 cm layer, and from 103 to 91 mg/kg in the 20–40 cm layer. The removal of exchangeable potassium with the yield of cultivated crops due to crop rotation improvement methods exceeded its return with plant residues.

scholarly journals Формування поживного режиму ґрунту в полі цукрових буряків залежно від їх удобрення в короткоротаційній плодозмінній сівозміні

2018 ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Я. П. Цвей ◽  
М. В. Тищенко ◽  
С. В. Філоненко ◽  
В. В. Ляшенко
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus ◽  
Organic And Mineral Fertilizers

Наведено результати досліджень впливу різних доз органічних та мінеральних добрив, що вносяться під цукрові буряки в короткоротаційній плодозмінній сівозміні, на вміст нітратного і мінерального азоту, рухомого фосфору та обмінного калію в чорноземі типовому слабкосолонцюватому. У результаті польових досліджень було встановлено, що в зоні недостатнього зволоження в умовах Лівобережного Лісостепу України в короткоротаційній плодозмінній сівозміні формування поживного режиму чорнозему типового слабкосолонцюватого під цукровими буряками залежало від системи удобрення. Найбільший вміст нітратного і мінерального азоту в орному шарі ґрунту виявився на час сходів цукрових буряків на ділянках, де вносили під культуру 50 т/га гною + N90Р120К90, – 17,2 і 20,1 мг/кг ґрунту відповідно. Така доза органічних і мінеральних добрив забезпечила і найбільшу кількість рухомого фосфору в орному шарі у період сходів культури – 80,0 мг/кг ґрунту, що обумовлено зростаючою рухомістю фосфатів з органічних добрив і меншим переходом фосфору в малорозчинні сполуки. Заміна дози добрив із 25 т/га гною + N180Р240К180, яку вносили під цукрові буряки, на 50 т/га гною + N90Р120К90 сприяла підвищенню вмісту обмінного калію в орному шарі ґрунту на час сходів буряків із 170,0 до 177,0 мг/кг ґрунту, що обумовлено високою дозою внесених органічних добрив під культуру, які після мінералізації гною і забезпечили зростання вмісту обмінного калію в ґрунті. Optimization of mineral nutrition of plants is one of the most significant means to regulate physiological processes that determine yield formation of any crop. In intensive farming the yield of crops depends on the natural fertility of soil and weather conditions only by 25%. In this case, fertilizers provide from 30 to 60% of the yield, high quality seeds – from 5 to 20%, and plant protection products – from 5 to 15%. Therefore, studying of the optimal provision of sugar beet plants with nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium due to the application of various doses of organic and mineral fertilizers is important and relevant, especially for the conditions of the zone of inadequate moisture. The purpose of the research was to determine the influence of sugar beet fertilization on the formation of the nutrient regime of the soil underneath in short-rotation fertile crop rotation. The research task was the study of the effect of various doses of organic and mineral fertilizers, applied to sugar beets, on the content of nitrate and mineral nitrogen, as well as  the effect of various fertilization systems used during the cultivation of sugar beets on the content of mobile phosphorus in the field of crop in short-term crop rotation and the study of the content of exchangeable potassium in typical slightly alcanlinized black soil while applying various doses of organic and mineral fertilizers to sugar beets. The following preliminary conclusions can be made based on the data of one-year research: In short-term crop rotation, the highest content of nitrate and mineral nitrogen in the arable soil layer was at the time of germination of sugar beets in the areas where the manure + N90P120K90 was applied in the amount of 50 tons per hectar - 17.2 and 20.1 mg/kg of soil. The application of 50t/ha of manure + N90P120K90provided the largest amount of mobile phosphorus in the arable layer during the period of the crop germination – 80.0 mg/kg of soil, due to the increasing mobility of phosphates from organic fertilizers and a smaller transition of phosphorus in the insoluble compounds. The change of the dose of fertilizers applied to sugar beets from 25 t/ha of manure + N180Р240К180 to 50 t/ha of manure + N90Р120К90resulted in the increase of the content of exchangeable potassium in the arable soil layer during sugar beets germination from 170.0 to 177.0 mg/kg of soil. It is the effect of the application of high dose of organic fertilizers, which after mineralization of manure provided the increase of the content of exchangeable potassium in the soil.

scholarly journals Influence of using fertilizers on fertility indices of sod-podzolic soils and productivity of short-term crop rotation of Polissya

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Egorov ◽  
N. Zhidok ◽  
E. Grischenko ◽  
I. Shabanova
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus ◽  
Positive Balance

The influence of litter manure and straw as fertilizers in pure form and in combination with manure, green manure and mineral fertilizers on the content of humus and basic nutrients in sod-podzolic soil has been studied. A significant effect on the change of humus content on sod-podzolic soils depending on fertilizer systems has been established. The highest indicators of humus content in the soil were found in the variants with 40 t/ha of manure, 0.97–1.14% and 1.17–1.23%, respectively, and straw 4 t/ha in combination with lupine green manure — 0.94–1.15% and 1.16–1.25%. The most significant increase in humus content per rotation was observed in sidereal crop rotation, against the background without fertilizers the indicator increased by 0.05–0.29%, against the background of N40P40K120 application — by 0.03–0.21%, in crop rotation — 0.05–0.19% and 0.01-0.09%, respectively. Analyzing the dynamics of the content of easily hydrolyzed nitrogen, it was found that the greatest growth both at the beginning and at the end of crop rotation provided options with the introduction of 40 t/ha of manure (+69…+85 mg/kg of soil), 4 t/ha of straw with half dose of manure (+63…+82 mg/kg of soil) and straw with green manure (+71…+80 mg/kg of soil). The application of manure, straw and plowing of green manures contributed to the increase of the content of mobile phosphorus compounds from 9 to 69 mg/kg of soil on the background without fertilizers and 38 to 67 mg/kg of soil on the background N40P40K120. The combination of straw with manure and straw with green manure for the application of mineral fertilizers helped to increase the content of mobile phosphorus compounds to the level recorded in the variant for the application of 40 t/ha of manure, and in some versions of the experiment even exceed it. It was found that the deficit-free and positive balance of potassium for rotation of crop rotation and sidereal crop rotation was provided by variants with 4 t/ha of straw in combination with 20 t/ha of manure and 4 t/ha of straw in combination with lupine green manure against N40P40K120. Balances and productivity of arable land use in short-rotation crop rotations of Polissya are calculated. In crop rotation, the humus balance is negative for the alienation of lupine green mass for fodder. Variants with application of 10 t / ha of crop rotation area of manure (–0.03 t/ha) and 1 t/ha of straw with half dose of manure (–0.1 t/ha) on the background of N35P35K85 application allowed to get as close as possible to the deficit-free balance of humus. In sidereal crop rotation, a positive balance of humus is observed with the application of 10 t/ha of manure (+0.21…+0.29 t/ha), 1 t/ha of straw in combination with 5 t/ha of manure, 22 t/ha) and 1 t/ha of straw in combination with green manure (+0.09… +0.18 t/ha). Close to the deficit-free balance of humus is the option with the introduction of 1 t/ha of straw in its pure form. An alternative to manure in Polissya should be the use of straw in combination with green manure (including lupine), which will help preserve and reproduce the humus content in the soil, improve the balance of nutrients and increase the productivity of arable land in crop rotations.

scholarly journals Influence of multipurpose compost on agrochemical indicators of sod-podzolic soil and crop productivity in reclaimed agricultural landscapes

2021 ◽  
Vol 209 (06) ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
Mariya Rublyuk ◽  
Dmitriy Ivanov ◽  
Ol'ga Karaseva
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Northern Slope ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus

Abstract. The aim of the research is to study the effect of multipurpose compost on the agrochemical indicators of sod-podzolic soil and the productivity of field crop rotation in reclaimed agricultural landscapes of the humid zone. Methodology and methods of research. The studies were carried out at an experimental area in the Tver region in 2013–2019 on a drained soddy-podzolic gley soil. Multipurpose compost was applied for sowing spring wheat at a dose of 12 t/ha, which is N300P180K120. Subsequently, the aftereffect of compost on soil properties and crop productivity in the crop rotation was studied: spring wheat – spring rapeseed (for green manure) – winter rye - oats with over-sowing of grasses – a mixture of 1–3 years of use. Grain crop rotation was deployed in time. Results. It was found that the level of mobile phosphorus increased by 7.4–23 %, exchangeable potassium – by 6.8–26.5 %. In areas with a low content of nutrients, the accumulation of mobile phosphorus (in the eluvial-transit variant of the northern slope) and exchangeable potassium (in the transit northern slope) increased by 23.6 and 26.5 %, respectively. On variants of the experiment with a high content of nutrients, their content decreased slightly over seven years. The amount of easily hydrolyzable nitrogen during the rotation of the crop rotation decreased by 13.4–57.2 %. The content of organic matter increased by 6.7–11.9 % (rel.). Soil acidity (pHKCl) during the rotation of the crop rotation increased by 0.03–0.23 units. The greatest acidification of the soil solution was noted in the transit-accumulative variant of the northern slope (by 0.23 units). It was found that the use of multipurpose compost contributed to an increase in crop yield on average per rotation by 1.6–13.2 c/ha of feed units. The maximum yield increase (44%) was obtained in the eluvial-transit and transit variants of the southern slope. Scientific novelty. The dependence of agrochemical indicators of sod-podzolic soil and crop productivity on the use of multipurpose compost in individual agromicrolandscapes has been established.

Fertilization System as a Factor of Transforming the Humus State of the Soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
V. Lopushniak
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Content Increase ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Stable Forms

Aim. To establish the effect of different fertilization systems in short fi eld crop rotation on the change in the state of humus in the dark gray podzolic soils in Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field studies were carried out in a stationary experiment of the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry of the L’viv National Agrarian University; determination of humus content – according to DSTU 4289:2004, and that of its labile forms – in accordance with DSTU 4732:2007, fraction-group composition – by Ponomare- va-Plotnikova’s method, according to the measurement procedure 31-497058-008-2002. Results. The use of organo-mineral fertilizer system in short fi eld crop rotation with the saturation of organic fertilizers of 15 t/ha of crop rotation contributes to the humus content increase by 0.7 % after the third rotation in 0–40 cm layer of dark gray podzolic soil, the increase in the share of stable forms of humic compounds up to 57–59 % and the increase in the ratio of R HA :R FA to 1.3–1.4. The study demonstrated very high dependence of amount of gross energy reserves in the humus on the R HA :R FA ratio. Conclusions. The combined application of organic fertili- zers in the form of manure, non-market of the crop (straw) and siderate, along with mineral fertilizers is re- commended in short fi eld crop rotations of Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine toensure expanded reproduction of fertility of dark gray podzolic soil, improvement of its humus status, increase in gross energy reserves and the share of the stable forms and humic acids in the humus.

WINTER WHEAT DEVELOPED BY THE UDMURT RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE IN COMPETITIVE VARIETY TESTING

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
I.V. TORBINA ◽  
◽  
I.R. FARDEYEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
Rotation Pattern ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Variety Testing ◽  
Made In ◽  
Research Institute

The paper assesses the promising varieties of winter wheat in a competitive variety test by the main economic and biological characteristics that determine the suitability of the variety for commercial use. The object of research was the authors’ own breeding material. The experiments on the selection of winter wheat were made in the experimental crop rotation pattern of the Institute.

APPLICATION OF THE INTENSIVE CROP GROWING TECHNOLOGIES IN CROP ROTATION IS THE STABILITY CONDITION OF THE HUMUS CONTENT OF SOIL

1970 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
V. А. Shchedrin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Investment Project ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Labile Phosphorus

In OOO “Dubovitskoe” which was organized in 2006 as investment project of the AO “Shchelkovo Agrokhim” for 2010 – 2012 three advanced crop rotations have been developed. Before their introduction the grain crops fraction in the cropping system was 62%, then it fell to 49%. At the same time the portion of raw crops increased from 15 to 20%, legumes from 6 to 8%, others (buckwheat, grain maize, etc.) - up to 23%. As of 2017, the crops of leguminous crops have increased noteworthily. There are two predominant soil types here heavy clay loam podzolized chernozem (6615 ha) and grey forest soil (856 ha). Weighted average indicators (as of 2017): humus content in the soils of arable land is 5, 34%; acidity pH is 4.92; labile phosphorus - 111.8 mg / kg soil; exchange potassium - 144 mg / kg soil. The coefficient of the soil fertility in the enterprise (weighted average) is 0.66. This means that maintaining and increasing the soil fertility for arable land of the enterprise is critical task. As a result of the research, it has been established that the technologies introduced in the crop vegetation management (CVS) in the crop rotation conditions ensure high productivity of cultivated crops and stability of humus content in soils as an energy basis and a guarantor of increasing fertility. The indicators of the labile phosphorus Р205 and exchange potassium К20 in the soils depending on the crop rotation vary from a certain decrease to expressed steady growth. Therefore it is necessary to specify seeding rates based on actual data. Sustainable soil acidification in the crop rotations under crop cultivation in OOO “Dubovitskoe” it is the result of the acid feterlizers high rates application, during studying period did not carried out required agromelioration with calcium contenting elements.

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