scholarly journals Influence of multipurpose compost on agrochemical indicators of sod-podzolic soil and crop productivity in reclaimed agricultural landscapes

2021 ◽  
Vol 209 (06) ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
Mariya Rublyuk ◽  
Dmitriy Ivanov ◽  
Ol'ga Karaseva
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Northern Slope ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus

Abstract. The aim of the research is to study the effect of multipurpose compost on the agrochemical indicators of sod-podzolic soil and the productivity of field crop rotation in reclaimed agricultural landscapes of the humid zone. Methodology and methods of research. The studies were carried out at an experimental area in the Tver region in 2013–2019 on a drained soddy-podzolic gley soil. Multipurpose compost was applied for sowing spring wheat at a dose of 12 t/ha, which is N300P180K120. Subsequently, the aftereffect of compost on soil properties and crop productivity in the crop rotation was studied: spring wheat – spring rapeseed (for green manure) – winter rye - oats with over-sowing of grasses – a mixture of 1–3 years of use. Grain crop rotation was deployed in time. Results. It was found that the level of mobile phosphorus increased by 7.4–23 %, exchangeable potassium – by 6.8–26.5 %. In areas with a low content of nutrients, the accumulation of mobile phosphorus (in the eluvial-transit variant of the northern slope) and exchangeable potassium (in the transit northern slope) increased by 23.6 and 26.5 %, respectively. On variants of the experiment with a high content of nutrients, their content decreased slightly over seven years. The amount of easily hydrolyzable nitrogen during the rotation of the crop rotation decreased by 13.4–57.2 %. The content of organic matter increased by 6.7–11.9 % (rel.). Soil acidity (pHKCl) during the rotation of the crop rotation increased by 0.03–0.23 units. The greatest acidification of the soil solution was noted in the transit-accumulative variant of the northern slope (by 0.23 units). It was found that the use of multipurpose compost contributed to an increase in crop yield on average per rotation by 1.6–13.2 c/ha of feed units. The maximum yield increase (44%) was obtained in the eluvial-transit and transit variants of the southern slope. Scientific novelty. The dependence of agrochemical indicators of sod-podzolic soil and crop productivity on the use of multipurpose compost in individual agromicrolandscapes has been established.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF FIELD CROP ROTATION IN OPTIMIZATION OF OF SOWING AREAS STRUCTURE

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Валерий Чибис ◽  
Valeriy Chibis ◽  
Светлана Чибис ◽  
Svetlana Chibis ◽  
Илья Кутышев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Oil Crops

In a long-term places, located on the experimental fields of Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture (Omsk), the schemes of field crop rotations were modernized by introducing oil crops (rapeseed, soybean) into rotation and replacing the repeated wheat crops with barley and oats. Accounting of grain crops productivity and accompanying observations were carried out in three field rotations of different lengths of rotation (four- and five-field) and on permanent sowing. The repetition of the experiments is fourfold. The system of agrotechnical measures recommended for the zone of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia was applied. The study of predecessors in the cultivation of crops for various purposes was carried out in field experiments using conventional methods. The humus content for rotation in the soil layer of 0-40 cm increased by 0.19% in the crop rotation “rapeseed - wheat spring wheat - barley - soybean - spring wheat”. The largest accumulation of humus (0.83%) was in the rotation “soybean - spring wheat - barley – oats”. During the years of research wheat productivity varied from 0.82 to 2.22 tons per hectare. Wheat was the first crop in all its predecessors to form grains, on average, by 0.3-0.5 tons per hectare, than the second crop. The yield of soybeans in the crop rotation was 1.23-1.78 tons per hectare. The productivity of rapeseed was low, its productivity over the years was 1.31 tons per hectare. Grain-fodder crops (barley, oats) averaged 0.4-0.6 tons per hectare, higher than the spring wheat productivity in the alternating rotation. The maximum yield of grain from a hectare of arable land was noted in the crop-steam rotation and amounted to 1.7 tons. An increase in the yield of feed-protein units was observed in crop rotations saturated with oil crops (rapeseed and soybean) and amounted to 3.4-4.0 tons per hectare. The economic calculation showed that the cultivation of field crops in the rotational crop rotation of “soybean - wheat - barley – oats” increased profitability by 44%, net income - by half, in comparison with the control variant. The obtained materials can be used to develop schemes of field crop rotations for the zone of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of various elements of grain cultivation technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 07001
Author(s):  
Fedor A. Popov ◽  
Evgeniya N. Noskova ◽  
Lyudmila M. Kozlova
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Streptomyces Hygroscopicus ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Loamy Soil ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Three Factor

The article presents the results of a long-term stationary three-factor experiment on sod-podzolic loamy soil to identify the effectiveness of various methods of basic and pre-sowing treatment of soil, the use of biological preparations in the technology of cultivating grain crops in six-field crop rotation. It was established that the most profitable elements of the technology in energy and economic terms will be: surface-cut treatment with KPS-4 cultivator and introduction of Azotovit and Phosphatovit biologics into the tillering stage of oat in a vetch-oat mixture for green feed; surface-cut treatment with KBM-4,2 cultivator or with pre-sowing treatment with a APPN-2,1 combined aggregate and introduction of Azotovite and Phosphatovite biological preparations into the soil before sowing winter rye for grain; ploughing with pre-sowing treatment with APPN-2,1 combined aggregate for spring wheat; surface-cut treatment with pre-sowing treatment with APPN-2,1 combined aggregate and introduction of biologic preparation based on strain Streptomyces hygroscopicus A4 at tillering stage of oat in pea-oat mixture for grain-hay; ploughing with KPS-4 cultivator and introduction of Pseudobacterin-2 biopreparation at barley tillering stage; ploughing with pre-sowing treatment with APPN-2,1 combined aggregate and introduction of biologic preparation based on strain Streptomyces hygroscopicus A4 at oat tillering stage.

scholarly journals Influence of mineral fertilizers on fertility of sod-podzolic soil, productivity and quality of grain crops

2017 ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Lyskova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Basic Norm ◽  
Increase In Productivity ◽  
Hydrolytic Acidity

Experiments were conducted in 2008.2015 in Kirov region. Effectiveness of liming, input of nitric (N90 kg/ha of acting matter) and increasing dozes of phosphoric fertilizers (50, 100, 150, and 200 kg/ha of acting matter) in complex with nitric-potassium fertilizers (90 kg/ha of acting matter each) on agronomical parameters of soil, productivity and grain quality of winter rye, spring wheat and oat was studied on stationary field experiment. In variant without liming and fertilizing significant acidification of soil was taken place (pH 3.9, Al 9.5 mg/100 g of soil) in compare with initial values (pH 4.5...4.7). Inputting N90P100-200K90 leads to increase in exchangeable and hydrolytic acidity, content of mobile aluminum (up to 13.6.15.4 mg/100 g, and phosphorus (up to 156.209 mg/kg on non-liming and 147.248 mg/kg on liming backgrounds at phosphorus concentration in soil solution 0.56.0.68 and 0.75.1.39 mg/l correspondingly). On the liming-free background, productivity of winter rye was in average 1.92, oat - 3.90, and wheat - 2.26 t/ha; liming increased productivity on 15.27, 13.29, and 16.32% correspondingly. Nitric fertilizers had significant influence in forming of addition yield. In variant N90 on the liming background 1.15 t/ha of winter rye grain, 1.6 t/ha of oat, and 0.78 t/ ha of wheat was gathered additionally and the highest recoupment of fertilezers with grain (12.6, 17.8, and 8.7 kg) was reached. Maximal levels in productivity of cereals obtained in variants with NPK input; tendency to increase in productivity because of increasing dozes of super-phosphate is marked on liming-free background. Nitric fertilizers significantly influenced on content of nitrogen, raw protein and gluten in spring wheat grain; correlation is marked between spring wheat productivity and content of raw protein (r = 0.79) and gluten (r = 0.78) in grain. Test weight of all crops was higher then basic norm independent on fertilizers input.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Influence of Meteorological Factors and Agricultural Background on the Productivity of Spring Wheat Ulyanovskaya 105 in the Predkamye of the Republic of Tatarstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00165
Author(s):  
Igor Serzhanov ◽  
Farit Shaikhutdinov ◽  
Razil Garayev ◽  
Albina Serzhanova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Viable Seeds

The most valuable and widespread food crop is spring wheat. Soil and climatic conditions influence the grain productivity and quality. The grain quality is affected by air humidity, insolation, nitrogen content in the soil and agricultural technologies. In 2019–2020, on the experimental field of the agronomic faculty of Kazan State Agrarian University, studies aimed to identify the reaction of the Ulyanovskaya 105 spring soft wheat to meteorological conditions and agricultural background were carried out. The soil was light gray forest, medium loamy. The predecessor was winter rye after pure fallow. Meteorological conditions were favorable for the growth and development of spring wheat. In 2019, the HMC was 1.36, in 2020 – 1.13. The maximum yield in 2019 and in 2020 was obtained with the application of calculated doses of fertilizers when sowing 6 million viable seeds per hectare – 3.0–3.44 tons and 3.67–4.21 tons per hectare.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF PLANT BIOMASS AND MAIN TILLAGE METHODS ON THE AGROPHYSICAL PARAMETERS OF THE SOIL AND PRODUCTIVITY OF CULTURES AT A CROP ROTATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Марсель Ахметзянов ◽  
Marsel Akhmetzyanov ◽  
Гулина Хузина ◽  
Gulina Huzina ◽  
Иван Таланов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Organic Residues ◽  
Soil Hardness

The saturation of the soil with organic residues, the introduction of straw from the precursor and the harvest siderate stimulated the biological activity of the soil, and the use of various types of basic soil treatment changed the agrophysical properties of the soil. The results of research have found that the introduction of greenhouse siderate and straw contributed to maintaining the optimal density of the soil in the crop rotation link, and the combined treatment provided better conditions than in plowing. On the same variants, a decrease in the soil hardness occurred, positively influenced the formation of structural aggregates. For combined tillage, the content of structural aggregates on the background of mineral fertilizer application in the 0-20 cm layer exceeded the options with plowing by 5.2%, with the use of crop green manure by 3.2% and with the use of straw by 2.5%. For the combined tillage after winter rye, the cultivation of arable land was 19.7 - 22.8%, after pea - 17.3-19.7%, after spring wheat - 20.9-23.7%. For plowing options, these figures were 21.0-24.4, 19.6-21.4 and 23.5-26.0%. The maximum grain yield of winter rye (4.37 tons per hectare), pea (2.42 tons per hectare) and spring wheat (3.37 tons per hectare) was obtained on the variants of combined tillage and food backgrounds with the introduction of crop siderate.

scholarly journals Effect of the cultivation of legumes on the dynamics of sod-podzolic soil fertility rate

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
U. M. Karbivska ◽  
A. O. Butenko ◽  
V. I. Onichko ◽  
I. M. Masik ◽  
Z. I. Hlupak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Gleyed Soil ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus

The effect of cultivation of legumes on the fertility rate of sod-podzolic surface-gleyed soil has been investigated. Based on the obtained results it has been found that on average, during the years of cultivation, the fertilizer factor with a percentage of 62% turns out to be more influential in terms of yield obtained from 1 ha of dry mass. The highest nutrient content is observed on the alfalfa variant: alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen-80.4 mg/kg of soil, mobile phosphorus-81.5 mg/kg of soil and exchangeable potassium-77.3 mg/kg of soil.

scholarly journals The role of sideration in the accumulation of organic matter

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (45) ◽  
pp. 17-17
Author(s):  
Alexander Saakian ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Central Regions

Data on the effect of long-term (18 years) use of crop sideration (white mustard), both separately and in combination with straw fertilizer, on the content of organic matter in sod-podzolic soil and crop productivity are presented. In the conditions of an acute shortage of organic fertilizers in agriculture in the central regions of the non-Chernozem zone, a promising and economically profitable form of organic fertilizer is crop crops of sideral crops from the cruciferous family (white mustard, etc.) Keywords: SOD-PODZOLIC SOIL, CROP ROTATION, WHITE MUSTARD, ORGANIC MATTER

The best potato cultivars for Kostroma region

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-25
Author(s):  
Н.М. Куклина ◽  
Д.Г. Гвазава
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Scientific Research Institute ◽  
Early Group ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus ◽  
Plot Area ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
High Output

В работе представлены исследования эффективности выращивания сортов картофеля разных сроков созревания в Костромской области. Опыт проводили в 2017-2019 годах на опытном поле научного севооборота ФГБНУ «Костромской НИИСХ». Использовали десять сортов картофеля отечественной селекции разных сроков созревания. Были взяты следующие сорта: группа ранних и среднеранних – Метеор, Башкирский, Красавчик и Варяг, группа среднеспелых и среднепоздних – Вымпел, Фаворит, Великан, Колобок, Накра и Никулинский. Цель исследований: найти лучшие перспективные сорта для Костромской области. Площадь делянки в опыте – 8,4 м2, повторность – трехкратная, расположение сортов – систематическое, количество рядов каждого сорта – 2 шт., длина рядов – 6,0 м. Схема посадки 70×30 см, посадка – вручную в нарезанные гребни. На участке под опытом дерново-подзолистая, легкосуглинистая, слабокислая почва. Содержание гумуса – 2,53-2,95%, подвижного фосфора и обменного калия – 660 и 184 мг/кг почвы соответственно. Агротехника выращивания общепринятая для Костромской области. Внесено комплексное минеральное удобрение в дозе N26P38K38. Трехлетние исследования по выращиванию десяти сортов картофеля отечественной селекции разных групп спелости показали, что в условиях Костромской области средняя урожайность варьировала от 21,3 до 39,3 т/га. Товарность в среднем составила от 50,3 до 90,8%. По результатам исследований выявлены наиболее устойчивые к вирусным болезням сорта. Определены сорта картофеля, наиболее устойчивые к фитофторозу и альтернариозу. Также выявлены сорта с наибольшим количеством сухого вещества и крахмала. По итогам исследований экономически выгодными для выращивания в регионе оказались сорта Накра и Никулинский. За счет высокого выхода товарной продукции при выращивании сортов картофеля Накра и Никулинский обеспечивается рентабельность производства на уровне 15-26%. Эти сорта могут быть рекомендованы производителям картофеля Костромской области. Investigations on the efficiency of growing of potato kinds of different ripeness time for the conditions of Kostroma Region are presented in the work. The experiment was carried out in 2017-2019 on the experimental field of scientific crop rotation of the FSBSI Kostroma Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture. Ten potato kinds of Russian selection of different ripeness time were used in the investigations. Such kinds as the early and middle-early group – Meteor, Bashkirskiy, Krasavchik and Viking – as well as the group of the average-ripe and moderately late – Vimpel, Favorite, Velikan, Kolobok, Nakra and Nikulinskiy – were taken. The purpose of the investigations is to find the best promising kinds for Kostroma Region. Plot area in the experiment is 8.4 m2, repetition, three times; arrangement of potato kinds, systematic; number of rows of each kind is two; length of rows is 6.0 m. Scheme of planting 70×30 cm, planting potatoes manually in chopped ridges. The soil on the plot under experiment is sod-podzolic, light-loam, slightly acidic. Humus content is 2.53-2.95%, mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium, 660 and 184 mg/kg of soil, respectively. Agriculture is generally accepted for Kostroma Region. Complex mineral fertiliser is introduced at dose N26P38K38. Three-year investigations into the cultivation of ten potato kinds of Russian selection of different ripeness groups showed that in the conditions of Kostroma Region, the average crop yield ranged from 21.3 to 39.3 tonnes per hectare. Marketability ranged from 50.3% to 90.8% on average. The kinds most resistant to viral phytopathology are identified by the results of investigations. The potato kinds most resistant to phytofluorosis and alternariosis are defined. The kinds with the highest amount of dry matter and starch are identified as well. The kinds Nakra and Nikulinskiy appeared to be economically profitable for cultivation in the region in the investigations. Thanks to the high output of commercial products, when growing potato kinds Nakra and Nikulinskiy, production profitability is provided at the level of 15-26%. These kinds are to be recommended to potato producers in Kostroma Region.

INFLUENCE OF RESOURCE-SAVING TECHNOLOGIES OF CEREAL CROPS CULTIVATION ON PRODUCTIVITY OF FODDER FIELD CROP ROTATION

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Cereal Crop ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
Basic Production

Field experiments on revealing of effectiveness of traditional and resource-saving technologies at cereal crop cultivation were conducted in 2011-2017 on sod-podzolic middle-clay soils of Kirov region. As ways of basic soil cultivation, the following variants were used: moldboard plowing and combined soil cultivation with aggregate KPA-2.2, which doing simultaneously surface tilling and disking for better stubble processing. On average, two trials experience productivity on traditional technology were as follows: vetch-oat mixture – 6.89 t/ha of dry matter; winter rye – 2.28 t/ha; spring wheat – 2.60 t/ha; pea-oat mix – 8.10 t/ha; barley – 3.40 t/ha; oat – 2.91 t/ha. At use of resource-saving combined soil tilling productivity of winter rye, spring wheat, and oat was in average higher than at plowing and consisted 2.47; 2.67; and 3.31 t/ha correspondingly. Yield of vetch- and pea-oat mix, barley was lower – 6.62, 7.81, and 2.94 t/ha correspondingly. Productivity of crop rotation with plowing was 3.41 thousand fodder units; coefficient of energy efficiency was 2.75; self-cost of 1 ton of basic production was 2771 rubles; level of total profitability – 77.3 %. When plowing was substituted with resource-saving method of basic soil tilling – surface combined cultivation – average productivity of crop rotation was 3.39 thousand fodder units at coefficient of energy efficiency of 2.81, self-cost of basic production – 2673 rubles per ton, and total profitability 80.7%.

scholarly journals The influence of field crop rotations on the accumulation of crop-root residues in the arable layer of sod-podzolic soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 594-601
Author(s):  
S. A. Zamyatin ◽  
A. Yu. Efimova ◽  
S. A. Maksutkin
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Crop Root

The aim of the research is to take a comparative assessment of the amount of plowed down plant residues in various field crop rotations in the conditions of the Republic of Mari El. The study was carried out in 2013-2018 on a stationary site in a two-factor experiment. Factor A ‒ types of crop rotations and shift of crops: 1. Grain and grass crop rotation (oats + clover, clover of the 1st year of use (y.u.) for green mass, winter rye, vetch and oat mixture for grain, spring wheat, barley. 2. I fruit-changing crop rotation (vetch and oat mix for green fodder, winter rye, barley, potato, vetch and oat mixture for grain, spring wheat). 3. II fruit-changing crop rotation (vetch and oat mixture for grain, spring wheat, potato with manure (80 t/ha), barley + clover, clover of the 1st year of use for green mass, winter rye). 4. III fruit-changing crop rotation (barley + clover, clover of the 1st year of use for green mass, clover of the 2nd year of use for green mass, winter rye, potato, oats). Factor B ‒ mineral fertilizers: 1. Without fertilizers. 2. N60P60K60. In the control grain and grass crop rotation with a oneyear use of clover, 3.02±0.06 t/ha of crop-root residues were received per year on the average. In the I fruit-changing crop rotation, due to the replacement of clover with potato, residues formed 2.14±0.04 t/ha, which was significantly less than the control variant (LSD05 in factor А ‒ 0.21). In the II fruit-changing crop rotation, the accumulation of crop-root residues amounted to 2.91±0.07 t/ha. Compared to the control, it was within the limits of experimental error. The largest number of crop-root residues was accumulated in the III fruit-changing crop rotation (3.37±0.07 t/ha). The use of mineral fertilizers significantly increased the bulk of crop-root residues in all crop rotations by 0.16 t/ha per year on the average (LSD05 in factor B ‒ 0.15). Carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N) in the crop-root residues of clover and potato was 18…20, in the vetch-oat mixture it was 25…31, in spring grain crops it was 39…41, and in winter rye it was 53.

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