scholarly journals THE DOUBLE CREMATION BURIAL WITHIN THE URBAN INSULAE: HEROON OF ARCHAIC BORYSTHENES?

2021 ◽  
pp. 165-178
Author(s):  
Д. Е. Чистов
Keyword(s):  
Ukrainian Academy ◽  
Archaic Period ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Urban Settlement ◽  
Public Building ◽  
The Public ◽  
Preservation Conditions ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The City

В ходе раскопок архаического поселения на о. Березань в устье Днепро-Бугского лимана в 1970 г. была сделана важная находка, значению которой ранее не уделялось должного внимания. Экспедицией ИА АН УССР под руководством В. В. Лапина раскрыто двойное захоронение - кремация. Два ионийских сосуда, использованные в качестве урн для помещения праха, и аттическая чаша на ножке, послужившая в качестве крышки одного из них, позволяют датировать погребение концом VI или рубежом VI-V вв. до н. э. Понимание контекста захоронения затруднено плохой сохранностью окружающих архаических строительных остатков - они в значительной степени уничтожены при строительстве на этом месте большого комплекса построек в IV в. до н. э. Однако установлено, что двойное погребение находилось на значительном удалении от некрополя, в центральной части городского квартала, и всего в 18 метрах от общественного здания - т. н. «дома с апсидой». Возможно, здесь был расположен героон. Раскрытые В. В. Лапиным погребения вполне могли бы принадлежать кому-то из лидеров колонистов, основавших и построивших на Березани урбанизированное поселение несколькими десятилетиями ранее - в начале третьей четверти VI в. до н. э. Захоронение с двойной кремацией своей датировкой приблизительно совпадает со сменой строительных фаз II-A и II-B в периодизации Березанского поселения. Завершение фазы II-A отмечается пожарами, разрушениями и последующими перестройками, прослеженными в разных частях памятника. Нельзя исключить того, что гибель двух человек, погребенных неподалеку от «дома с апсидой», также была связана с этой катастрофой, причины которой пока не установлены. During the excavations of an Archaic period settlement on the Berezan island in the mouth of the Dnieper-Bug silted estuary in 1970 an important find was made that was not given due consideration. The expedition of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences led by V. V. Lapin discovered a double cremation burial. Two Ionian vessels (Fig. 3) used as urns with ashes and an Attic footed cup that was used as a lid of one of these vessels suggest that the burial dates to the end of the 6th c. BC or the end of the 6th - early 5th cc. BC. Understanding the burial context is hampered by poor preservation conditions of archaic buildings debris which were mostly pulled down during construction of a group of buildings in the 4th c. BC. However, it has been found that the double burial was located at a long distance from the necropolis in the central part of the city blocks, only 18 m away from the public building, the so called house with an apse (Fig. 2). Maybe, a heroon was located there. The burials uncovered by V. V. Lapin probably belonged to one of the colonists’ leaders who had founded this urban settlement on the Berezan island several decades before, i.e. in the early third quarter of the 6th c. BC. Chronologically the double cremation burial almost coincides with the replacement of construction phases II-A and II-B according to the Berezan settlement periodization. The end of construction phases II-A was marked by fires, collapse of buildings and subsequent rebuilding traced in various parts of the site. We cannot exclude that the death of two individuals buried not far from the house with the apse was also linked to this disaster by factors not yet identified

scholarly journals Uwagi na temat gdańskiego budownictwa publicznego drugiej połowy XVI i pierwszej połowy XVII wieku pod kątem zaopatrzenia w materiał kamieniarski

Porta Aurea ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 5-32
Author(s):  
Franciszek Skibiński
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
Public Building ◽  
The Public ◽  
Stone Sculpture ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The City

Works of architecture and stone sculpture would never have been created without the existence of a supply network enabling access to assets crucial for their production, including stone. Based on archive quarries and analysis of existing works of architecture and stone sculpture, this article focuses on the importation of stone for the building and stonecutting industry in early modern Gdańsk. In the second half of the 16th and the first half of the 17th century the city was experiencing an era of economic prosperity and became a major center of architecture and stone sculpture in the Baltic region and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Gdańsk authorities put much effort into securing suitable stone necessary to carry out their ambitious projects. Builders and sculptors based in the Baltic metropolis applied various kinds of stone imported from abroad, including limestone from Oland and Sweden, sandstone quarried in Bückeburg and Bentheim, Belgian marble, and English alabaster. The kind of stone most commonly used in local architecture and sculpture was, however, the sandstone from the Isle of Gotland. To obtain this material the city authorities often approached the Danish king, as revealed by numerous letters preserved in Gdańsk and Copenhagen archives. Each year several shipments of Gotland stone would arrive in the city, the amount of stone reaching up to 10,000 cubic feet. Some of the material destined for the public building works was then prepared by workers supervised by the ‘Bauknecht’. He was an official appointed by the city authorities to support the public building industry and to facilitate the work of specialized building and sculpting workshops by overlooking low-skilled workers and supply of materials. Some of the local builders and stonecutters were also involved in the importation of stone from Gotland. Besides carrying out major architectural and sculptural works, at least some of the guild masters running large workshops were engaged in the supply of necessary materials. For this reason, they had to maintain a network of professional contacts within the Baltic region and beyond. The most prominent among them was Willem van der Meer, called Barth, a stonecutter from Ghent established in Gdańsk. Between roughly 1590 and 1610, he supplied the city with a large amount of Gotland stone, including that used for the building of the Great Arsenal. Other important members of the local milieu engaged in the stone trade were Willem and Abraham van den Blocke as well as Wilhelm Richter, continuator of Van den Blocke’s enterprise often engaged by the city authorities. These findings broaden our understanding of the professional practices of builders and stone sculptors in Gdańsk and the Baltic region in the late 16th and in the 17th centuries.

Identification of the Modal Properties of a Building of the Greek Heritage

2014 ◽  
Vol 628 ◽  
pp. 150-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariella Diaferio ◽  
Dora Foti ◽  
N.I. Giannoccaro
Keyword(s):  
Modal Analysis ◽  
Data Acquisition System ◽  
Modal Identification ◽  
In Situ Tests ◽  
Public Building ◽  
The Public ◽  
Technical Details ◽  
Identification Analysis ◽  
The City

In this paper, the experimental modal identification analysis of the public building “San Giacomo” in Corfu (Greece) is illustrated. It represents the unique example of a structure built utilising carves stones inside the city of Corfu. The building has a rectangular plan shape with dimensions 24.75 x 14 m, and height 9 m; all the floors are made by wood. The monitoring system consists of several elements properly connected: the units of acquisitions or piezoelectric accelerometers (in total 18 installed on the different walls) with a sensitivity of 1000 mV/g; the data acquisition system or DAQs positioned at each monitored level; the laptop with an acquisition software; the cables that connect all elements to each other. The paper describes the phases of the investigations, the technical details of the performed in-situ tests, the first identified frequencies of the building by means of the classical methods of Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) and the comments about the acquired data.

scholarly journals Viktor Novytsky: an attempt at a scientific biography.

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-131
Author(s):  
Igor Usenko
Keyword(s):  
Ukrainian Academy ◽  
Scientific Biography ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
City Environment ◽  
Central Council ◽  
Revolutionary Party ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The City ◽  
Scientific Achievements

Introduction. Victor Izmailovich Novytsky played a significant role in the life of the pre-war Ukrainian Academy, in the development of historical and legal science and archival affairs. He was a researcher of the Commission for the study of Western Russian and Ukrainian law of the All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences and scientist-archivist of the Kyiv Central Archive of Ancient Acts. In 1938, the scientist was shot on falsified charges, and his creative legacy was artificially withdrawn from scientific circulation. It seems that the time has come to restore justice to the scientist and to give a proper assessment of his scientific achievements. The aim of the article. The reconstruction of the scientist's biography, clarification of the composition and evaluation of its scientific heritage. Results. The life and creative activity of V. I. Novytsky, a Kyiv intellectual in the third generation, was markedly influenced by his family and the city environment, his participation in the propaganda work of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party during his high school and university years. He was persecuted by the tsar for participating in the student movement, later became a member of the Ukrainian Central Rada (Central Council of Ukraine). Before the revolution, the researcher, doing science at his own expense, became an author оf a priority work on the history of the nobility of the 16th and 17th centuries. At the All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences he prepared a number of problematic works on the history of Ukrainian law, in particular, of historiographical and methodological nature, developed the views of Mykhailo Hrushevsky on the stages of development of the law of the Ukrainian people. As a historian and archivist he was a profound connoisseur of act books, the author of interesting explorations of historical and geographical nature. Conclusion. The life destiny of V. I. Novytsky, a jurist and historian of the first third of the twentieth century, seems quite instructive, and his creative achievements are still not really appreciated. Researchers have yet to return a number of his scientific works to scientific circulation, to fill numerous gaps in the biography of the scientist.

scholarly journals ἄριστον μέν ὕδωρ: An Examination of the Public Waterworks in Athens in the Early 5thC BCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seraphina Vasilodimitrakis-Hart
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Archaic Period ◽  
Late Archaic ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
New Public ◽  
Fountain House ◽  
Public Water Systems ◽  
The City

This article examines the design and social impact of waterways in Athens in the early 5thC BCE. While the Athenian political landscape transitioned from a series of tyrannies to democracy at the end of the Archaic period (ca. 650-480 BCE), the archaeological record also shows widespread innovation in the development of public water systems, particularly in sanitation and water supply. A movement away from buildings constructed by the Athenian tyrants facilitated the development of the Classical Agora and the creation of new public-use spaces and structures, like the Southeast Fountain House and the Great Drain in the Agora. The fountain has long been identified with the famous Peisistratid Enneakrounos (“Nine Spouts”) fountain, but through investigation into the arguments of J.M. Camp and Jessica Paga, I propose that a later date ca. 500 BCE is more suitable for the historical and archaeological context of the fountain.  I investigate several Athenian waterworks built/maintained during the late Archaic period to the Classical period (~500-323 BCE): the Great Drain in the Agora, the Southeast Fountain House, the Klepsydra fountain, and the Asklepieion on the Akropolis. The works of Hippocrates, Thucydides, and—to a lesser extent—Pausanias, inform my examination of the implications of the construction of these waterworks and the development of democracy in the 5th century. These waterways show a dedicated shift from the private use of water and tyrannical building works, to a new, fully public and communal mode of engagement with the city and its resources.

Hospitals: N.Y. Appellate Court Denies Move to Privatize Public Hospital

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
Robert Chatham
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Municipal Hospital ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Benefit ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Benefit Corporation ◽  
The City

The Court of Appeals of New York held, in Council of the City of New York u. Giuliani, slip op. 02634, 1999 WL 179257 (N.Y. Mar. 30, 1999), that New York City may not privatize a public city hospital without state statutory authorization. The court found invalid a sublease of a municipal hospital operated by a public benefit corporation to a private, for-profit entity. The court reasoned that the controlling statute prescribed the operation of a municipal hospital as a government function that must be fulfilled by the public benefit corporation as long as it exists, and nothing short of legislative action could put an end to the corporation's existence.In 1969, the New York State legislature enacted the Health and Hospitals Corporation Act (HHCA), establishing the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation (HHC) as an attempt to improve the New York City public health system. Thirty years later, on a renewed perception that the public health system was once again lacking, the city administration approved a sublease of Coney Island Hospital from HHC to PHS New York, Inc. (PHS), a private, for-profit entity.

Perancangan Boneka Edukasi Terinspirasi oleh Pencipta Boneka Si Unyil

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azhari Amri
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Urban Culture ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Rural Region ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The City ◽  
Simple Materials

Film Unyil puppet comes not just part of the entertainment world that can be enjoyed by people from the side of the story, music, and dialogue. However, there is more value in it which is a manifestation of the creator that can be absorbed into the charge for the benefit of educating the children of Indonesia to the public at large. The Unyil puppet created by the father of Drs. Suyadi is one of the works that are now widely known by the whole people of Indonesia. The process of creating a puppet Unyil done with simple materials and formation of character especially adapted to the realities of the existing rural region. Through this process, this research leads to the design process is fundamentally educational puppet inspired by the creation of Si Unyil puppet. The difference is the inspiring character created in this study is on the characters that exist in urban life, especially the city of Jakarta. Thus the results of this study are the pattern of how to shape the design of products through the creation of the puppet with the approach of urban culture.

Наследие популяров в политике Августа (по Res Gestae Divi Augusti)

2017 ◽  
pp. 226-291
Author(s):  
O.V. Liubimova
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Public Building ◽  
The Public ◽  
Roman People

On the basis of The Deeds of Divine Augustus or Res Gestae Divi Augusti (RGDA), the author analyses the significance of the legacy of populares, one of the main political movements in the Late Republic, in the politics of Emperor Augustus. The main features of this political movement, in the opinion of modern researchers, were their demagogic political style, their assertion of the sovereignty of Roman people and their protection of economic interests of the lower classes. In the RGDA there is no mention of the odious political methods of the populares that entailed conflicts and unrest but the text significantly dwells on the tribunician power granted to Augustus. In the Late Republic the tribunician power served as the basis of the populares political method. The ideology reflected in the RGDA entrusts the Roman people with an important role in the public administration and describes the Roman people as a fullfledged partner of the Senate, however it lacks the populares contraposition of the Roman people to the Senate (or to the oligarchy controlling the Senate). The populares legacy is particularly apparent in the RGDA chapters describing Augustus expenses in favor of the Roman people such as the organisation of various social measures, shows and public building. Augustus inherited from the populares of the Late Republic the idea of Roman plebs as a source of political power and of satisfaction of its interest as a mechanism of maintaining political stability, but discarded those of populares slogans and methods that had a conflict potential.На материале Деяний Божественного Августа (Res Gestae Divi Augusti) рассматривается вопрос о том, какое место занимало в политике Августа наследие популяров одного из двух основных политических течений Поздней республики. В качестве характерных черт этого движения исследователи выделяют демагогический политический стиль приверженность идеологии народного суверенитета защиту экономических интересов неимущих слоёв. В RGDA не упоминаются одиозные политические методы популяров, которые влекли за собой конфликты и беспорядки, но важное место занимает предоставленная Августу трибунская власть, которая в Республике служила основой популярского Modus Operandi. Идеология, выраженная в RGDA, отводит римскому народу важное место в управлении государством и представляет его равноправным партнёром сената однако в ней отсутствует характерное для популяров противопоставление народа сенату (или олигархии, контролирующей сенат). Наиболее очевидно наследие популяров в тех главах RGDA, где описываются расходы Августа в пользу римского народа: социальные мероприятия, организация зрелищ и строительство. Август заимствовал у позднереспубликанских популяров представление о том, что римский плебс может служить источником политической силы, и удовлетворение его интересов необходимо для поддержания политической стабильности, однако исключил из своего арсенала те политические лозунги и методы популяров, которые имели конфликтный потенциал.

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