Productivity of restored grassland-steppe ecosystems

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е. Пещанская ◽  
В. Кожевников
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Anthropogenic Effect ◽  
Steppe Ecosystems ◽  
Stavropol Region ◽  
The One

Необходимость восстановления луговой степи центрального Ставрополья возникла ещё в середине прошлого столетия. Причиной тому послужило усиление воздействия антропогенных факторов на окружающую среду: распашка целины, промышленное и гражданское строительство, чрезмерный выпас скота, а также воздействие различного вида эрозий. В целях сохранения уникального природного комплекса степей с большим набором ценных и редких видов, а также в качестве опыта по восстановлению кормовых угодий в Ставропольском ботаническом саду в 1963 году были начаты исследования по интродукции дёрна. В период с 1963 по 1984 год на площади около 2 га были воссозданы фрагменты луговой степи. Изучение состояния искусственных ценозов, получение сравнительных данных в отношении видового состава, хозяйственно-ботанических групп, урожайности ценозов важнейшие компоненты исследования. В качестве эталонов обследовались территории естественных целинных степей (эталоны) (г. Бучинка, г. Стрижамент, урочище Новомарьевская поляна) с доминантами, сходными с доминантами изучаемых участков, восстановленных дёрном ( Бучинка , Стрижамент , Новомарьевская поляна ). Количество видов на эталонных участках составляет 6592, на восстановленных участках 83103. Видовой состав максимально представлен разнотравьем: от 44 до 72 видов. Во всех выборках проб преобладают злаки (31,9446,17) и разнотравье (29,4041,64), значительный удельный вес приходится на сухие остатки (старику) 7,6128,64. Масса бобовых колеблется в пределах от 0,85 до 11,01, осок от 0,1 до 13,83. Урожайность травостоя восстановленных ценозов сохраняется высокой 3,243,97 т/га. Показатели урожайности травостоя восстановленных формаций превышают показатели эталонов с разницей от 0,61 до 1,65 т/га. Restoration of grasslands became important in the Central Stavropol region in the middle of the last century. The reason was an increased anthropogenic effect: plowing, industrial and civil engineering, cattle grazing and erosion. Experiments on turf introduction got started at the Stavropol Botanical Garden in 1963 to preserve and restore the unique natural steppe area with a large number of valuable and rare species. Fragments of steppe were grown on 2 ha area from 1963 to 1984. The investigation focused on ecosystem conditions, species composition, botanical groups and yield. Natural steppes performed as controls (Buchinka, Strizhament, Novomaryevskaya Polyana) having similar dominant species as the trial areas. Control areas contained 6592 species, the restored ones 83103. There were 4472 different grass species grown. Proportions of gramineous averaged to 31.9446.17, grass mixtures 29.4041.64, grassland litter 7.6128.64. Contents of legumes varied within 0.8511.01, sedge 0.113.83. Grass productivity of the restored area was high 3.243.97 t ha-1. It exceeded the one of the natural areas by 0.611.65 t ha-1.

scholarly journals Dynamics of stand composition changes in grass and grass-clover stands and relations between dominant species

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
P. Matušinsky ◽  
F. Hrabě
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Method Of Determination ◽  
Subsequent Comparison ◽  
Composition Changes ◽  
Good Agreement

Changes in the species composition of temporary grass and grass-clover crops stands were studied in 1994–2000. The assessment consisted in determination of the dominance of individual species, measurement of their aboveground biomass weight and subsequent comparison of detected values. The measurements were evaluated by the method of determination of distance between vectors of stand composition and by the subsequent standardization. Resulting values are in a good agreement with the hither to knowledge and confirm that more favourable yield parameters are achieved within 30–60% of total changeability. Changes of species composition and stand changeability are at their initial stages of succession given by external changes mainly contributed to by the group of clumpy grass species and by internal changes within the group of pod-bearing plants.

Spider mites of agricultural importance in China, with focus on species composition during the last decade (2008–2017) 

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng-Yu Jin ◽  
Lu Tian ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Xiao-Yue Hong
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Spider Mites ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Panonychus Citri ◽  
Important Species ◽  
River Region

Understanding pest species composition and their geographic distribution of important spider mites is fundamental and indispensable to establish an integrated pest management program. From a long-term survey during 2008–2017 in mainland China, we found that Tetranychus truncatus was the most frequently sampled Tetranychus spider mite (48.5%), followed by T. pueraricola (21.2%), T. kanzawai (12.5%), T. urticae (red) (5.7%) and T. urticae (green) (4.5%). Among them, T. truncatus was the major mite pest in the north of China. T. kanzawai was the dominant species in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River Region and T. pueraricola was the most important species in the southwest region. Other common and serious pests include Amphitetranychus viennensis (6.8%) and Panonychus citri (3.8%). This pattern was largely different from that in 2002–2004, when T. urticae (green and red) was believed to be the most serious mite pest. The factors involved in the change of species composition are not clear and need more exploration. We suggested that the increasing corn planting range may be partly responsible for the conversion of dominant species from other spider mites to T. truncatus. Further research on the mechanisms underlying the change of dominant species will help develop integrated management strategies.

scholarly journals Composition and diversity of anurans in the Restinga of the Conde municipality, northern coast of the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Augusto Trindade Gondim-Silva ◽  
Alessandra Rodrigues Santos Andrade ◽  
Rafael Oliveira Abreu ◽  
Jamile Santos Nascimento ◽  
Geovane Paixão Corrêa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Freshwater Wetland ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Anuran Species

Abstract The Conde municipality is located in the northern coast of the state of Bahia (NC), northeastern Brazil, and is part of the Atlantic Tropical domain. The anuran fauna of the northern portion of the NC is still poorly known if compared to the southern portion. The Restinga is one of the predominant environments of the coastal plains of the NC and it is characterized essentially by presenting sandy soil covered by herbaceous and shrubby vegetation. The objective of this study was to determine the anuran species composition and diversity for the Restinga of the Conde municipality. Sampling was carried out at night by active search over four periods of five consecutive days each, two over the 'main rainy season' and two in a 'lesser rainy season', using 14 sample units (SUs) and five extra sample plots (EPs). We calculated dominance and species diversity using the Berger-Parker and Shannon-Wiener H' indices, respectively. We used accumulation curves and the Jackknife 1 estimator to estimate anuran species richness, considering only the data obtained from the SUs. We recorded 713 anuran specimens distributed within 33 species, 13 genera and five families (Bufonidae, Craugastoridae, Hylidae, Leptodactylidae and Microhylidae). The Hylidae and Leptodactylidae families had the highest species richness. Considering only the SUs (Jackknife 1 estimator in brackets), we recorded 28 species in the study area (33.9 ± 2.3), 13 in Shrubby Vegetation Zones - SVZ (20.8 ± 2.9) and 25 in Freshwater Wetland Zones - FWZ (28.9 ± 1.9). The abundance and species diversity of the FWZ (n = 638 specimens; H'= 2.4) were higher than those recorded for the SVZ (n = 52 specimens; H' = 1.9). The SVZ and FWZ showed distinct dominant species, wherein Pristimantis paulodutrai was the dominant species in SVZ and Scinax fuscomarginatus in FWZ. The Restinga of the Conde municipality stands out as the one with the highest anuran species richness already recorded considering only SVZ and FWZ. Moreover, its anuran species composition represented 55% of the anuran species known for the NC and included taxa common to three different morphoclimatic domains (Tropical Atlantic, Cerrado and Caatinga).

The germinable soil seedbank of Eucalyptus victrix grassy woodlands at Roy Hill station, Pilbara district, Western Australia

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Graham ◽  
S. K. Florentine ◽  
J. E. D. Fox ◽  
T. M. Luong
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Hill Station ◽  
Soil Seedbank ◽  
Germinable Seed

The paper reports soil seedbank species composition, of Eucalyptus victrix grassy woodlands, of the upper Fortescue River in the Pilbara District, Western Australia. In this study, our objectives were to investigate germinable soil seedbanks and species composition in response to three simulated seasons, using emergence. Variation in seed density from three depths was tested. Four field sites were sampled. Thirty samples were collected in late spring, after seed rain and before summer rainfall. From each sample spot, three soil depths (surface, 1–5, and 6–10 cm) were segregated from beneath surface areas of 100 cm2. Samples were later incubated in a glasshouse to simulate three different seasonal conditions (autumn, winter and spring). Germinating seedlings were recorded on emergence and grown until identified. Forty-one species germinated, comprising 11 grasses (7 annuals and 4 perennials), 25 annual herbs and 5 perennial herbs. Distribution patterns of germinable seed in both the important annual grass Eragrostis japonica and the perennial Eragrostis setifolia (a preferred cattle fodder species), suggest that seedbank accumulation differs among species and between sites. In part, this may be associated with the absence of grazing. Species with most total germinable seed were E. japonica (Poaceae; 603/m2), and the annual herbs Calotis multicaulis (Asteraceae; 346/m2), and Mimulus gracilis (Scrophulariaceae; 168/m2). Perennial grass seed was sparse. Spring simulation gave most germination (1059), followed by autumn (892) and winter (376) sets. Greatest species diversity was produced from the spring simulation (33 species), followed by autumn (26), and winter (22). Of the total germination, 92% came from 17 species that were represented in all three simulations. Of the 1227 grass seedlings counted, most were recruited from the surface soil (735), followed by the 5 (310) and 10 (182) cm depths. Marginally more grass seedlings germinated from the spring simulation (558) than the autumn set (523). Only 11.9% of grass germinants came from the winter simulation. All grass species recruited from the soil seedbanks had a C4 photosynthetic pathway. Except for Cenchrus ciliaris all grass species are native to Australia. Of the four sites sampled, one fenced to exclude cattle five years earlier had significantly more germination than the three unfenced sites. Seedbank sampling produced several new records for plants in the areas sampled.

scholarly journals Ecology of sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a restricted focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis en Northern Venezuela: I. Description of the study area, catching methods and species composition

1987 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dora Feliciangeli
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandfly ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandflies ◽  
The Common ◽  
Catching Methods

A study on the ecology of phlebotomine sandfly fauna in a restricted focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in northern Venezuela was undertaken in order to investigate the species responsible for the transmission. The study area and catching methods for phlebotomine sandflies are described. A total of 9,061 females and 1,662 males were collected during a year-term study. 12 species of Lutzomya and 1 species of Brumptomya sp. were identified. Absolute and relative abundance and ocurrence for each species were determined. The rel ative occurrence allowed to distinguish the common species, viz. L. panamensis, L. ovallesi, L. gomezi, L. tinidadensis, L. atroclavata, L. cayennensis, L. shannoni and L. olmeca bicolor from the rare species vis., L. punctigeniculata, L. rangeliana, L. evansi and L. dubitans. General comments on the species composition of the sandfly fauna in this locality are made.

scholarly journals KERAGAMAN KOMPOSISI JENIS DAN STRUKTUR VEGETASI PADA KAWASAN HUTAN LINDUNG DENGAN POLA PHBM DI BKPH TAMPOMAS, KPH SUMEDANG, PERUM PERHUTANI DIVISI REGIONAL JAWA BARAT DAN BANTEN Species Composition and Vegetation Structure of Protected Forest Area using .

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
Cecep Kusmana ◽  
Anggun Rahayu Melyanti
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Protection Forest ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
Forest Status ◽  
Coffee Species ◽  
Pinus Merkusii

BKPH Tampomas is part of the FMU area of Sumedang entirely classified into protected forest area. However, part of treated as CBFM with the aim of involfing the community in forest concervation activities the aim of this research is to describe and compare the structure and composition of the plant species between the subjected to CBFM and non CBFM Tampomas. The reaserch location was based on forest status of the protected area as having the same stand age and tree spacing. Data collection conducted throught the analysis of vegetation and soil sampling at each observation location species richness of BKPH Tampomas protection forest was relatively low either non CBFM of protected forest, CBFM protection forest of coffe and CBFM protection forest of cardamon. At the level of seedling stage there are 9 species and Calliandra haematocephala, the dominant. Species at the pole stage are found 3 species with Pinus merkusii species as the dominant species, at the tree stage are 2 species that dominated by Pinus merkusii. The covercrop found were 30 species and dominated by Lepturus repens. The low soil fertility and sandy soil texture composition also account for the low plant species in the BKPH Tampomas protection forest areas.Key words : CBFM cardamon, CDFM coffee, species composition, structure vegetation, Tampomas Mountain

scholarly journals SPECIES COMPOSITION OF FRESHWATER EELS (Anguilla spp.) IN EIGHT RIVERS FLOWING TO PALABUHANRATU BAY, SUKABUMI, INDONESIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agus Alim Hakim ◽  
M Mukhlis Kamal ◽  
Nurlisa A Butet ◽  
Ridwan Affandi
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Morphometric Data ◽  
Freshwater Eel ◽  
Glass Eels ◽  
Freshwater Eels ◽  
Tropical Freshwater

Freshwater eel (Anguilla spp.) is a catadromus fish that migrates from freshwater into seawater for spawning and return to freshwater during larvae stage to grow. The objective of this study was to determine species composition of tropical freshwater eels based on morphology collected from several rivers flowing in to the Palabuhan Ratu Bay. Young, adult, and glass eels were caught in August 2014 until Desember 2014. Glass eels were only caught in Cimandiri River. Freshwater eels were classified by ano-dorsal length (AD) divided by total length (TL), cluster analysis, and discriminant analysis based on morphometric data. The results showed different AD/TL of young and adult, i.e., 1.93±0.51 for A. bicolor bicolor, and 16.99±0.65 for A. marmorata, and three different AD/TL of glass eels i.e.,1.72±1.05 for A. bicolor bicolor6.60±1.79 for A. nebulosa nebulosa, and 15.07±1.04 for A. marmorata. Cluster analysis showed three groups of population  characters of young and adult eels i.e.  A. bicolor bicolor (2 groups) and A. marmorata (1 group). Discriminant analysis showed three groups of glass eels population i.e., A. bicolor bicolor, A. nebulosa nebulosa, and A. marmorata. Morphological identification showed that young and adult eels in Cibareno  and Citepus rivers had two species i.e., A. bicolor bicolor and A. marmorata. Glass eels from Cimandiri river had three species i.e., A. bicolorbicolor, A. nebulosanebulosa, and A. marmorata. A. bicolor bicolor was found in each rivers and as a dominant species in Palabuhan Ratu Bay.Keywords: A. bicolor bicolor, A. marmorata, A. nebulosa nebulosa, species composition

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF AGROCLIMATIC FACTORS ON THE SPECIES COMPOSITION OF THE WAREHOUSE ENTOMOFAUNA IN STAVROPOL REGION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Pimenov ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Stavropol Region ◽  
Agroclimatic Zones

A comparative analysis of the number of identified species of warehouse entomofauna of bakery enterprises, depending on their location in agroclimatic zones, has been carried out. Moreover, the largest number of them was found in zones with insufficient and moderate moisture. The types of insect pests that are constantly encountered during monitoring in all climatic zones are listed. New species, previously unknown in the region, appear.

scholarly journals ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СТЕПОВИХ ЕКОСИСТЕМ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО ПРИРОДНОГО ПАРКУ «КРЕМЕНЕЦЬКІ ГОРИ», ЇХ ЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ ТА ВІДТВОРЕННЯ

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
М. Shtogrin ◽  
L. Onuk ◽  
A. Shtogun ◽  
I. Bobrik
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Rare Plants ◽  
The State ◽  
Meadow Steppe ◽  
Steppe Species ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
Steppe Ecosystems ◽  
Nature Park ◽  
Management Project

Steppe areas of the National Natural Park "Kremenets Mountains" occupy the minimum area in open hills and rocky niches, so the priority tasks are the protection of unique steppe ecosystems.Reproduction of steppe areas is one of the tasks aimed at preserving the diversity of steppe and petrophytic flora, the structure of cenoses in the steppe regions, as well as the habitats of rare steppe plants.The work is based on field research materials conducted during 2012-2018 on the territory of the National Natural Park "Kremenets Mountains". In the course of research, literary data and geo-botanical studies of the Strahov, Vovcha, Sokolina, Maiden cliffs and Zamkov mountains have been processed, flora and phytocenotic features of steppe and meadow-steppe phyto groups, the state and structure of rare species populations have been described.Characterized by the laws of distribution of steppe and meadow-steppe species of plants on the territory of the National Nature Park "Kremenets Mountains". The influence of natural conditions is described, factors which contribute to the decrease in the number of populations of these species are determined. The measures on preservation and reproduction of steppe ecosystems, preservation of the diversity of steppe and petrophytic flora, and the structure of the cenosis of the steppe regions are presented. The age structure of Adonis vernalis L., which grows on the Malyatyn and Vovchyna rivers, is studied.In order to preserve the populations of the listed rare steppe plant species, active measures have been taken within the framework of the National Natural Park "Kremenets Mountains", which consists in reducing the anthropogenic impact and restoring the settlement of rare species. According to the Territory Management Project, the state of afforestation of steppe areas is monitored, shrubs, undergrowth of trees and invasive herbaceous plants (in particular, Solidago canadensis L.) are cleared with which the steppe areas spontaneously grow; some measures are taken to increase the number of rare plants (repatriation).This will promote the expansion of steppe areas, the increase of the proportion of steppe and meadow species in the grassland and increase the area under the populations of individual rare species.

scholarly journals Сonservation of relict species of Siberian flora in the floral complex “Chernevaya taiga” (Novosibirsk)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 00005
Author(s):  
Tatyana Elisafenko ◽  
Elena Korolyuk
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Relict Species

The paper deals with the species composition of the floral complex ‘Chernevaya taiga’ established in the territory of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden in 1967. Of 60 revealed species, 23 were introduced during the establishment of the complex. All the species represent the populations self-maintained by seed or vegetative propagation.

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