KINETICS OF EVAPORATION OF A MODEL SOLUTION OF DISTILLERY DREGS CONTAINING PROTEIN, OIL AND SUGAR

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.С. ДАНИЛЬЧЕНКО ◽  
Т.Г. КОРОТКОВА ◽  
С.Ю. КСАНДОПУЛО
Keyword(s):  
Evaporation Rate ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Model Solution ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Sugar Water ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Drying Model ◽  
Kinetics Of

Рассмотрена кинетика сушки послеспиртовой барды при 60°С. Объектом исследований была модельная смесь, состоящая из воды, белков, жиров и растворимых углеводов. Представлены результаты исследований кинетики испарения воды и смесей вода–масло, вода–белок, вода–сахар, вода–масло–белок–сахар, помещенных в чашку Петри. Процесс испарения в изотермических условиях протекал в сушильном шкафу Memmert. Установлено, что добавление вещества в воду снижает скорость испарения воды в периоде постоянной скорости сушки, в периоде падающей скорости сушки продолжительность испарения возрастает. По результатам кинетики сушки модельных смесей можно определять коэффициенты активности компонентов и проводить исследование процесса сушки реальных смесей при проектировании сушилок. The kinetics of drying of the distillery dregs at 60°C is considered. The model mixture containing water, proteins, oils and soluble carbohydrates was the object of research. The results of experimental studies of the kinetics of evaporation of water and mixtures of water-oil, water-protein, water-sugar, water-oil-protein-sugar, placed in a Petri dish, are presented. Evaporation under isothermal conditions was carried out in a Memmert drying cabinet. It is established that the addition of the substance into the water reduces the evaporation rate of water in the period of constant drying speed, the duration of evaporation in the period of falling drying speed increases. According to the results of the kinetics of drying model mixtures, it is possible to determine the activity coefficients of the components and conduct a study of the drying process of real mixtures in the design of dryers.

MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF FEATURES OF STRUCTURE DURING DRYING OF MIXTURES CONTAINING WATER, PROTEIN, OIL AND SUGAR

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Т.Г. КОРОТКОВА ◽  
А.С. ДАНИЛЬЧЕНКО ◽  
Д.Ю. САМОФАЛ
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Surface Heterogeneity ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
Sugar Water ◽  
Round Shape ◽  
Model Solutions ◽  
Spent Grains ◽  
Inert Carrier ◽  
Oil Water

Проведены исследования сухих форм модельных смесей вода–масло, вода–сахар, вода–масло–белок и вода–масло–белок–сахар под микроскопом МБС-10 при различных увеличениях с целью выявления особенностей структурообразования, степени неоднородности поверхности и оценки эффектов, наблюдаемых при сушке реальных смесей. Модельные растворы помещали в чашку Петри и по отдельности выдерживали при температуре 60°С в сушильном шкафу Memmert (Германия) до постоянного веса чашки Петри с навеской. Установлено, что в пленках присутствуют структуры, характерные для определенных компонентов растворов: частицы («ядра») практически круглой формы, выпуклые бугорки округлой формы, «звездочки», частицы с гладкими поверхностями различных размеров. Это свидетельствует о большом многообразии структурообразований высохшей пленки. Пленки растворов, включающих белок, слипались с дном чашки Петри, что приводило к определенным трудностям при их удалении. Эту особенность, связанную со сложностью отслаивания высушиваемого материала с поверхности инертного носителя, проявляющуюся при высушивании барды и приводящую к частой остановке оборудования для его очистки, необходимо учитывать при проектировании сушилок, предназначенных для сушки послеспиртовой барды. Dry forms of model solutions water–oil, water–sugar, water–oil–protein and water–oil–protein–sugar under the microscope MBS-10 at various magnifications with the purpose of revealing the features of structure formation, degree surface heterogeneity and evaluation of the effects observed when drying real mixtures are investigated. Model solutions were placed in a Petri dish and separately kept at a temperature of 60°C in a Memmert drying cabinet (Germany) to a constant weight of a Petri dish with a sample. It was found that the films contain structures typical for certain components of solutions: particles (nuclei) of almost circular shape, convex tubercles of round shape, sprockets, and particles with smooth surfaces of different sizes. This indicates a large variety of structure of the dried film. Films of solutions including protein stuck to the bottom of the Petri dish, which led to certain difficulties in their removal. This feature connected with complexity of flaking of the dried-up material from the surface of the inert carrier, which is shown when drying distillers' spent grains and leading to a frequent stop of the equipment for his cleaning needs to be considered at design of the dryers intended for distillery dregs drying.

scholarly journals Effect of blanching methods on drying kinetics of bell pepper

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (48) ◽  
pp. 5457-5474
Author(s):  
Toyosi Tunde - Akintunde ◽  
◽  
BO Akintunde ◽  
A Fagbeja ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Drying Kinetics ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Drying Rates ◽  
Kinetics Of

Various blanching methods and drying temperatures were applied to bell pepper (Capiscum annum) to investigate the effect on its drying characteristics. Pepper (Capiscum annum) is an abundant and cheap source of vitamins, minerals and fibre. However, its high moisture content makes it susceptible to deterioration. The most common method of preservation is drying but the dried products obtained are of reduced nutritional qualities. Pretreatment of pepper before drying improves the quality of the dried pepper and increases its drying rate. Steam and water blanching as a form of pretreatment has been reported to increase drying rate and improve the quality of dried products but there is not much information on other types of oil/water blanching methods. The effect of blanching (steam, water, palm oil/water and groundnut oil/water) as a pretreatment on the drying kinetics of bell pepper dried at temperatures of 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90o C, was studied. Drying of raw untreated bell pepper was taken as a control. The results indicate that water removal at the initial stage of the drying process was highest and there was a rapid decrease as drying continued until equilibrium was reached at the end of process. The blanched samples generally had higher drying rates (at p<0.05) than the untreated samples. The values for the drying rate for steam and water blanched samples were higher (but not at p<0.05) than the drying rates for samples blanched in oil/water mixtures. The drying rate as well as effective moisture diffusivity, Deff, increased with increasing drying temperature. Values of Deff varied from 3.55 x 10-9 m 2/s to 2.34 x 10-9 m 2/s with the highest being SB (steam blanched) at 80oC and the lowest UB (unblanched) at 50oC. The drying process took place mainly in the falling rate period. The activation energies varied from 39.59 to 83.87 kJ/mol, with PB (palm oil/water blanched) samples having the lowest and UB having the highest Ea value. The lower values for pretreated samples imply that water movement from the internal regions is faster in pretreated samples. This suggests that blanching as a method of pretreatment generally increases water diffusion.

scholarly journals RATIONAL DRYING MODES FOR RAPE SEEDS

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-103
Author(s):  
Vadym Paziuk ◽  
Eugenia Shemanska ◽  
Dasha Paziuk
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Convective Drying ◽  
Coolant Temperature ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Automatic Program ◽  
Processing Information ◽  
Kinetics Of

Studies on finding rational regimes for drying rapeseed based on drying kinetics and qualitative characteristics are presented. The value of the acid number of oil and laboratory germination of rapeseed on the 7th day of germination were taken as a qualitative characteristic. Experimental studies of the kinetics of the rapeseed drying process were performed on a convective drying stand using an automatic program for collecting and processing information, which makes it possible to obtain more accurate experimental data. According to the obtained experimental data with the help of an automatic program for collecting and processing information, graphs of the process kinetics from the influence of the coolant temperature are constructed. The presented graphs show the drying curves and drying speed curves that characterize the drying process that takes place during the period of falling drying speed. The study of the kinetics of the drying process of rapeseed in a single-stage mode at coolant temperatures of 50 - 80°C showed that for better quality it is necessary to use low-temperature modes. The acid number of oil in this temperature range does not change significantly and is 1.03 - 1.8 mg / g of oil. These values of the acid number of the oil correspond to the normative value. The greatest effect on the germination of rapeseed is observed from the temperature of the coolant. Increasing the temperature by 10 ° C in the temperature range from 50 to 80 ° C reduces the germination of the material. According to laboratory studies, we determined the drying regime of 50 ° С with a germination of 97% to be the most expedient and rational. All other drying regimes significantly reduce the germination of rapeseed and can not be recommended, as the germination value is less than the state standard of Ukraine 2240-93.

scholarly journals Experimental and statistical analysis research of the triticale grain drying process when countercurrent-direct-flow blowing of the grain layer

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
T. N. Tertychnaya ◽  
A. A. Shevtsov ◽  
S. S. Kulikov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Moisture Diffusion ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Grain Drying ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Agent Flow ◽  
Drying Curves ◽  
Counter Current ◽  
Kinetics Of

Experimental studies of the kinetics of the process of drying triticale grain during counter-current-direct blowing of the grain layer were carried out. In the experimental installation, a programmed change in the direction of the drying agent flow through the grain layer was carried out and the actual conditions of the drying agent supply through the supply and discharge boxes of the shaft grain dryer were emitted. Analysis of drying curves and drying rate of triticale grain showed the presence of only a period of decreasing drying rate, in which the intensity of moisture diffusion is significantly less than the intensity of moisture exchange. The organization of the experiment made it possible to fully adapt it to industrial mine grain dryers, in which the drying process is carried out in a continuous mode. Based on the results of the study, an empirical model of the drying process is proposed in the form of an exponential function, which establishes a unique functional relationship between the current moisture of the grain and the main parameters of the process: temperature, speed, moisture content of the drying agent and the thickness of the blown layer. Taking into ac-count the requirements to the process modes of grain drying, the triticale analyzes the ratio between the grain temperature and its humidity at various values of the mode parameters, which is proposed to be used as a restriction on the drying temperature mode.

scholarly journals Investigation of low-temperature drying modes plant capillary-porous materials spherical shape

2018 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
V.М. Pazyuk
Keyword(s):  
Porous Materials ◽  
Heat Carrier ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Convective Drying ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
Low Temperature Drying ◽  
Kinetics Of

The results of experimental studies of the drying of capillary-porous materials of spherical shape from the influence of the temperature of the heat carrier are given.Spherical granules with a diameter of 2,2 mm were taken to determine the rational modes of drying of capillary-porous materials. For a better evaluation of the nature of the drying process, experimental design studies were carried out on a convective drying stand in an elementary layer.The program of automatic collection and processing of information allows obtaining data on changes in the mass and temperature of the sample during the removal of moisture, and also performs calculations of kinetics of drying in absolute and relative coordinates. This makes it possible to obtain and compare the kinetic and velocity characteristics of colloid capillary-porous materials drying faster, more accurately and reliably.By the method of Krasnikov V.V. the kinetics of drying of capillary-porous materials of spherical shape with a diameter of 2,2 mm with construction of a generalized drying curve with determination and calculation of drying coefficients is considered.The generalized curve of drying rate is constructed and obtained, which allows us to generalize the process of drying of a capillary-porous spherical material. Also, get the formula and determine the overall length of the drying process through the drying rate for each heat treatment.When comparing the values of the process length obtained by experimental studies and determined by the calculations, the experimental error from the calculation does not exceed 3%.The analysis of heat-mass-exchange processes of drying by means of calculations of temperature coefficient b, Rebinder Rb criterion, heat flow q and coefficient of heat transfer α from the influence of heat carrier temperature has been carried out.

Kinetics of hypso anhydrites dissolution in water. Experimental studies

2019 ◽  
pp. 93-96
Author(s):  
A. L. Lebedev ◽  
I. V. Avilina
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Riccati Equation ◽  
Balance Equation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Common Ion ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Ion Effect ◽  
Kinetics Of Dissolution ◽  
Kinetics Of

Experimental study of kinetics of dissolution of hypso anhydrites at 25 ᵒC made it possible to formulate model of the process in the form of a balance equation for the kinetics of dissolution of gypsum, anhydrite (first and second orders, respectively) and kinetics of precipitation of gypsum (second order). The processing of the experimental data were carried out on the basis of the solution of the Riccati equation. When taking into account the common-ion effect on the solubility of gypsum and anhydrite, the calculated values turned out to be more comparable with the experimental ones.

Kinetics study of spreading processes of epoxy binders on carbon cloth surface with metal coating

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
D.E. Grechushkina ◽  
◽  
V.A. Nelyub ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Copper Coating ◽  
Metal Coating ◽  
Carbon Cloth ◽  
Kinetics Study ◽  
Carbon Tape ◽  
Epoxy Binders ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Spreading Processes

The results of experimental studies of kinetics of spreading processes of epoxy binders on the surface of a carbon (cloth) tape depending on a reinforcement pattern are presented. A copper coating of 100 nm thickness was deposited on reinforced materials by magnetron sputtering. It has been found out that a metal coating on the surface of a carbon tape and cloth leads to a considerable increase in the rate of spreading processes only for the laying-out pattern 0°, when binder movement in capillaries is provided. The deposition of a copper coating on the surface of the carbon tape and cloth has considerably the bigger influence on kinetics of the spreading processes, increasing it by 35%.

Influence of Temperature Fields on the Quality of Dried Wood Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 1038 ◽  
pp. 336-344
Author(s):  
Olena Pinchevska ◽  
Andriy Spirochkin ◽  
Denys Zavialov ◽  
Rostislav Oliynyk
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Wood Moisture ◽  
Adequate Model ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
White Spots ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Wood Heating

The reasons of white spots appearance in the middle of oak timber are determined. These white spots reduce the cost of the lamina made of oak timbers - the front covering of floorboards. It is proposed to intensify the drying process by using oscillating drying schedules to avoid this defect. A method for calculating the duration of such drying is proposed. This method includes the peculiarities of heating and cooling periods kinetics of oak timbers with 25 mm and 30 mm thickness. The inexpediency of using the oscillation of the drying agent parameters in the range of wood moisture content below 20% has been established. An adequate model for calculating wood temperature and air humidity during wood heating and cooling periods has been developed using heat and mass transfer criteria and experimentally determined oak wood moisture conductivity coefficient. Based on the results of theoretical and experimental studies oscillating drying schedules of different thickness oak timbers are offered. Tests of the proposed schedules in industrial conditions showed no discoloration of the central layers of European oak (Quercus robur) timbers. The drying process duration was reduced by 1.5–2.4 times and energy consumption were reduced by 1.53 times.

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