scholarly journals The Interminable Transition; An Analysis of the Electoral Behavior in Albania (1991-2017)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Kledja Lazebeu
Keyword(s):  
Transition Process ◽  
Electoral Behavior ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
New Phase ◽  
Difficult Transition

Albania has been led by a communist regime, characterized by repression and isolationism for over 45 years. The transition, started at the ’90 toward a democratic system and to an open society based on the occidental model couldn’t be accomplished in a fast and bloodless way. There were too many reasons to explain this difficult transition, but just to mention, must be considered the absence of the democratic culture of the entire political ruling class (elite) (leadership). The transition process toward democracy in Albania began when the communist regime entered into crisis and its political elite (leadership) proclaimed the intention to open a new phase and to extend significantly freedom and rights. Starting from 1990 began to fail the obstacles that prohibited, till that time, the expression of the freedom, the disagreement and the pluralism. This transition process was characterized by its multiplicity, as the political changes was correlated with economic, cultural and social changes. Immediately after 1990, Albania had to face many challenges, but the most important concerned the institution of a new democratic order and the creation of a market economy, without, however, that this process was accompanied by a structural reform of the institutional framework. There is necessary to consider the communist heredity, while undertaking efforts to achieve a sufficient level of democracy. The heredity of the past means to consider dissimilar features like values, identity, standards, institutions, élite, behaviors and practices, that survived the transition and affected the later aspects, encouraging some changes, and hindering others.The communist regime let behind a flat socio-political landscape, a weak civil society, a fragile law domain, turbulent political coalitions and main political tendencies compromised. The experts that study this period state that Albania has undergone one of the most turbulent transformations at the post-communist world. There are, particularly, three dramatic moments that shook from the basis its institutions: a) the collapse of the communist regime at 1991-1992; b) the crisis of the financial pyramids at 1997; c) the influx of half million refugees from Kosovo in 1999. So, the transition process cannot be completely understood without considering the role of the old and new political elites, the mechanisms that regulates the internal activities of the parties, and the structure of the electoral behavior.

scholarly journals New socio-cultural reality of Ukraine and the world: Features and future prospects

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Viktor Shostak
Keyword(s):  
Political Elite ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
Cultural Transformations ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Cultural Reality ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
Ukrainian Society

The article describes the phenomenon of identity and its manifestations in a globalized world. It attempts to determine the features of the search for cultural archetypes in the context of the regional specifics of the world and Ukrainian realities in particular. The study emphasizes the deep role of culture in modern modernization processes. The main elements of transformational changes in Ukrainian society and the coordinates of the new socio-cultural reality are analyzed. The role and importance of the ruling class in carrying out socio-cultural transformations are especially emphasized. Future positive changes in the country are possible on the basis of a deep and systematic study of the peculiarities of its mental traditions. Issues of identity become decisive. Socio-cultural reality of Ukraine seems to be a mosaic combination of different elements of its own and world civilization systems. It is time to consistently and purposefully bring order and sequence to all spheres of society. A significant role in this is played by the political elite, which should become the one in its professional and moral characteristics. The transition to a mature democracy is possible only on the basis of culture and responsibility.

The Role of Evaluative Tools in the Creation of the Memorial Media Portrait of Jacques Chirac (1932—2019)

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-110
Author(s):  
E. N. Mikhailova ◽  
V. A. Telegina
Keyword(s):  
Print Media ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Political Orientations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Entire Text

The article is devoted to the study of evaluative tools used in modern French media in order to form the media image of a representative of the political elite. The techniques used in the creation of a memorial media portrait of Jacques Chirac (1932—2019), President of France from 1995 to 2007 are considered. The research material was the most prestigious French print media of various political orientations, published in late September — early October 2019 in connection with the death of the ex-President of the French Republic. The relevance of the research topic is dictated by the close attention of modern linguistics to axiological phenomena, differently presented in different types of discursive practices. The novelty of the study is due to the appeal to the analysis of the complex of evaluation tools used in the French print media when characterizing the former leader of the state during the nation’s farewell period. The estimated potential of the title of the article and its influence on the formation of the estimated vector of the entire text of the publication are shown. A systematic analysis of the assessment expression means, reflected in the memorial media portrait of the politician, is given. The factors that influenced the peculiarities of their use in this type of media portrait are revealed.

State-run celebration of Liberation Day in Czechoslovakia (based on audiovisual sources)

2019 ◽  
pp. 251-268
Author(s):  
Timur Gimadeev
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
The Political ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Military

The article deals with the history of celebrating the Liberation Day in Czechoslovakia organised by the state. Various aspects of the history of the holiday have been considered with the extensive use of audiovisual documents (materials from Czechoslovak newsreels and TV archives), which allowed for a detailed analysis of the propaganda representation of the holiday. As a result, it has been possible to identify the main stages of the historical evolution of the celebrations of Liberation Day, to discover the close interdependence between these stages and the country’s political development. The establishment of the holiday itself — its concept and the military parade as the main ritual — took place in the first post-war years, simultaneously with the consolidation of the Communist regime in Czechoslovakia. Later, until the end of the 1960s, the celebrations gradually evolved along the political regime, acquiring new ritual forms (ceremonial meetings, and “guards of memory”). In 1968, at the same time as there was an attempt to rethink the entire socialist regime and the historical experience connected with it, an attempt was made to reconstruct Liberation Day. However, political “normalisation” led to the normalisation of the celebration itself, which played an important role in legitimising the Soviet presence in the country. At this stage, the role of ceremonial meetings and “guards of memory” increased, while inventions released in time for 9 May appeared and “May TV” was specially produced. The fall of the Communist regime in 1989 led to the fall of the concept of Liberation Day on 9 May, resulting in changes of the title, date and paradigm of the holiday, which became Victory Day and has been since celebrated on 8 May.

scholarly journals LOX-1 and cancer: an indissoluble liaison

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Murdocca ◽  
C. De Masi ◽  
S. Pucci ◽  
R. Mango ◽  
G. Novelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Progression ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Pancreatic Tumors ◽  
Tumor Evolution ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Angiogenic Proteins

AbstractRecently, a strong correlation between metabolic disorders, tumor onset, and progression has been demonstrated, directing new therapeutic strategies on metabolic targets. OLR1 gene encodes the LOX-1 receptor protein, responsible for the recognition, binding, and internalization of ox-LDL. In the past, several studied, aimed to clarify the role of LOX-1 receptor in atherosclerosis, shed light on its role in the stimulation of the expression of adhesion molecules, pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, and pro-angiogenic proteins, including NF-kB and VEGF, in vascular endothelial cells and macrophages. In recent years, LOX-1 upregulation in different tumors evidenced its involvement in cancer onset, progression and metastasis. In this review, we outline the role of LOX-1 in tumor spreading and metastasis, evidencing its function in VEGF induction, HIF-1alpha activation, and MMP-9/MMP-2 expression, pushing up the neoangiogenic and the epithelial–mesenchymal transition process in glioblastoma, osteosarcoma prostate, colon, breast, lung, and pancreatic tumors. Moreover, our studies contributed to evidence its role in interacting with WNT/APC/β-catenin axis, highlighting new pathways in sporadic colon cancer onset. The application of volatilome analysis in high expressing LOX-1 tumor-bearing mice correlates with the tumor evolution, suggesting a closed link between LOX-1 upregulation and metabolic changes in individual volatile compounds and thus providing a viable method for a simple, non-invasive alternative monitoring of tumor progression. These findings underline the role of LOX-1 as regulator of tumor progression, migration, invasion, metastasis formation, and tumor-related neo-angiogenesis, proposing this receptor as a promising therapeutic target and thus enhancing current antineoplastic strategies.

The Rhetorical Case: Its Roman Precedent and the Current Debate

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Mendelson
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Technical Writing ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Early Case ◽  
New Phase

Because of the recent emphasis on rhetorical context in business and technical writing (BTW) instruction, the problem-solving case has become a staple in BTW classrooms. However, a number of critics have voiced concerns about the use of the rhetorical case. These concerns recall an ancient debate among Roman rhetoricians over an early case-study method called declamation. For contemporary theorists, the debate over case study revolves around its value as a stimulant to problem-solving skills, its ability to imitate the realistic circumstances of professional BTW, and its emphasis on persona and audience along with its deemphasis of the teacher. A full spectrum of arguments on these and other issues in the case-study debate indicates that the discipline is entering a new phase in its deliberations over the role of problem-solving and pragmatics in the BTW classroom.

scholarly journals Returning urban political elites to the research agenda: the case of the Southern Low Countries (c. 1350 – c. 1550)

Urban History ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 568-588
Author(s):  
Frederik Buylaert ◽  
Jelten Baguet ◽  
Janna Everaert
Keyword(s):  
Special Section ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

AbstractThis article provides a comparative analysis of four large towns in the Southern Low Countries between c. 1350 and c. 1550. Combining the data on Ghent, Bruges and Antwerp – each of which is discussed in greater detail in the articles in this special section – with recent research on Bruges, the authors argue against the historiographical trend in which the political history of late medieval towns is supposedly dominated by a trend towards oligarchy. Rather than a closure of the ruling class, the four towns show a high turnover in the social composition of the political elite, and a consistent trend towards aristocracy, in which an increasingly large number of aldermen enjoyed noble status. The intensity of these trends differed from town to town, and was tied to different institutional configurations as well as different economic and political developments in each of the four towns.

scholarly journals Exploring the role of an emotional support and counselling service for people with visual impairments

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Hodge ◽  
Wally Barr ◽  
Louise Bowen ◽  
Martina Leeven ◽  
Paul Knox
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Support ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Mixed Methods Evaluation

There is growing evidence of the need for services to address the emotional support needs of people with visual impairments. This article presents findings from a mixed methods evaluation of an emotional support and counselling (ESaC) service delivered within an integrated low vision service, focusing primarily on the qualitative findings. Data collected using a standardised measure of psychological well-being (Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation–Outcome Measure; CORE-OM) show an improvement in the psychological well-being of clients of the service between baseline and follow-up assessment. Qualitative findings from interviews with service users and service providers help to illustrate and explain the experiences underlying the quantitative findings. The ESaC services are shown to be helpful to service users in two particular ways: helping them to normalise their experiences by talking to an impartial listener and helping them to accept and adapt to the physical, emotional and social changes in their lives resulting from their visual impairment.

Transforming Labour: From the Workers’ State to the Post-Socialist Re-Organization of Industry and Workplace Communities

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-438
Author(s):  
Eszter Bartha
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Symbolic Capital ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
Social Basis ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
The Social ◽  
East German

Abstract The article seeks to place the workers’ road from socialism to capitalism in East Germany and Hungary in a historical context. It offers an overview of the most important elements of the party’s policy towards labour in the two countries under the Honecker and the Kádár regime respectively. It examines the highly paternalistic role of the factory as a life-long employer and provider of workers’ needs for the large industrial working class which the regime considered to be its main social basis. Given that the thesis of the working class as the ruling class was central to the legitimating ideology of the state socialist regimes, dissident intellectuals challenging this thesis were effectively marginalized or forced into exile. After the change of regimes, the “working class” again became an ideological term associated with the discredited and fallen regime. The article analyses the changes within the life-world of East German and Hungarian workers in the light of life-history interviews. It argues that in Hungary, the social and material decline of the workers – alongside the loss of the symbolic capital of the working class – reinforced ethno-centric, nationalistic narratives, which juxtaposed “globalization” and “national capitalism”, the latter supposedly protecting citizens from the exploitation by global capital. In the light of the sad reports of falling standards of living and impoverishment, the Kádár regime received an ambiguous, often nostalgic evaluation. While the East Germans were also critical of the new, capitalist society (unemployment, intensified competition for jobs, the disintegration of the old, work-based communities), they gave more credit to the post-socialist democratic institutions. They were more willing to reconcile the old socialist values which they had appreciated in the GDR with a modern left-wing critique than their Hungarian counterparts, for whom nationalism seemed to offer the only means to express social criticism.

Gambaran Kejadian Tindakan Kekerasan pada Lansia : Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1425-1436
Author(s):  
Dyah Pratiwi ◽  
Dyah Putri Aryati
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Psychological Violence

AbstractThe increasing elderly population in Indonesia continues to grow. The elderly are individuals who experience physiological, psychological, and social changes. Therefore, the elderly is vulnerable to violence. Elder abuse persists in various areas in Indonesia. However, cases of elder abuse are often hidden because they are considered unimportant and the victims do not know where to report it. The purpose of this study was to describe the incidence of acts of violence in the elderly. The methodused in this study was a literature review by searching for articles in the PubMed and Google scolar database with the keyword: Elderly or Aged or Geriatric or Elder and Abuse or Violence with article limits from 2011-2020. There were five articles found. They had been critically reviewed using Strobe instruments. The results based on the five articles analysed showed some characteristics. Most of the respondents were 60-69 years old (50%), female (60%), education literate or primary (63%), married (67%), lived with other (59%), the elderly do not experience violence2.286, elderly experience violence 807, the type of violence that wa soften experienced by the elderly namely psychological violence is found to be (40%). Based on the five articles analysed, it can be concluded that the most violence experienced by the elderly is psychological violence. Therefore, the role of nurses is needed to provide services for families to prevent acts of violence in the elderly.Keywords: Elderly; persecution, violence AbstrakPeningkatan penduduk lansia di Indonesia terus bertambah. Lansia merupakan salah satu individu yang mengalami perubahan secara fisiologis, psikologis dan sosial sehingga lansia rentan mengalami tindakan kekerasan. Kekerasan terhadap lansia masih terjadi diberbagai wilayah di Indonesia. Namun, kasus kekerasan lansia kerap disembunyikan karena dianggap tidak penting dan korban tidak mengetahui lembaga yang dapat menerima laporan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran kejadian tindakan kekerasan pada lansia. Metode yang digunakan penelitian ini menggunakan literature review dengan mencari artikel pada database Pubmed dan Googlescholar dengan kata kunci :Elderly OR Aged OR Geriatric OR Elder AND Abuse ORViolencedengan batasan artikel dari 2011-2020 didapatkan 5 artikel yang telah dilakukan telaah kritis dengan menggunakan instrument Strobe. Hasil berdasarkan lima artikel yang dianalisa menunjukkan bahwa data karakteristik usia responden mayoritas 60-69 tahun yaitu (50%), berjenis kelamin perempuan sebanyak (60%), pendidikan literate or primarysebanyak (63%), berstatus menikah yaitu (67%), lived with other sebanyak (59%), lansia yang tidak mengalami kekerasan sebanyak 2.286, lansia yang mengalami kekerasan sebanyak 807 dan jenis kekerasan yang sering dialami lansia yaitu kekerasan psikologis didapatkan (40%). Berdasarkan dari kelima artikel yang dianalisa dapat disimpulkan bahwa kekerasan yang paling banyak dialami lansia yaitu kekerasan psikologis. Oleh sebab itu diperlukan peran perawat untuk memberikan pelayanan bagi keluarga untuk mencegah terjadinya tindakan kekerasan pada lansia.Kata kunci: Kekerasan; penganiayaan; usia lanjut

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