scholarly journals The path forward for sustainability of the pension system in a historical context

Upravlenie ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
J. Mertl ◽  
R. Valenčík
Keyword(s):  
Pension System ◽  
Current System ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
System Reform ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
Individual Productivity ◽  
Merit System ◽  
Pension Insurance System

The long-term sustainability and stability of the pension insurance system can be provided on the basis of a pay-as-you-go system, specifically the NDC variant, which can combine the main type of solidarity (between those who can and want to be gainfully active and those for whom the insured event has occurred) with income solidarity. When reforming the pension system in this manner the opportunity arises to begin gradual changes through fully merit system reform and therefore significantly motivating of extending the period of productivity (putting off retirement) through the upgrade of this system for persons who have reached the retirement age as specified by law.This paper aims to substantiate and explore possible changes in this direction that will not endanger anyone’s entitlements when the reforms are implemented (they have got the form of Pareto improvement), as they derive their funds by extending the time of individual productivity. To this end, the possibility of introducing an extension on top of current system of pay-as-you-go insurance, which could be entered voluntarily by persons who have already reached or are near statutory retirement age, is proposed, and modeled. The extension would operate on the principle that the paid premiums will be transformed into a lifetime annuity. The system would be significantly motivating which for most people means extending life at the fullest, associated with the option to retain beneficial social contacts and gradually relax their gainful activity without experiencing an untoward decrease in income.

scholarly journals REFORMS OF FINANCING PENSION INSURANCE SYSTEM IN CONDITIONS OF TRANSITION

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Stojanović
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Current System ◽  
Intergenerational Solidarity ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pension Insurance System

A serious crisis of the pension system has been present in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as in many other countries for many years. The current system, which functions on the concept of intergenerational solidarity is financially unsustainable, due to negative demographic and economic movements, as well as reduced number of the employed, and an increase in the number of pensioners. As the main objective of the pension system (the social security of citizens, ie protection against the risk of old age, disability and death) is not fulfilled, it seems that the reform of the pension system is necessary. It is necessary to answer the question: how to transform the pension system of intergenerational solidarity in a system of individual capitalized savings in a socially painless and affordable way?! The implementation of the pension reform aims to establish a long-term sustainable pension system that will provide quality protection from risk, old age, death, disability, and at the same time be consentaneous with economic and demographic movements andensure an adequate level of benefit to citizens in the later age.The aim of the paper is to define the wider, objective picture of the current state of the position of the pension system, as well as providing basic guidelines for the reform and development courses in the future.

scholarly journals Private Pension Funds in Ukraine: The Problems and Prospects for Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (521) ◽  
pp. 213-218
Author(s):  
I. I. Nazarenko ◽  
◽  
O. V. Zhulyn ◽  
N. P. Tesliuk ◽  
A. I. Verbytska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Current System ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
System Reform ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
The Third ◽  
State Pension ◽  
State Pension Funds

The article analyzes and evaluates the current state, problems and prospects for the development of the non-State pension funds in Ukraine. The issue of introduction of the pension system reform is considered, since pension provision is an important component of the socio-economic strategy of the country. The pension provision should function according to the principles of social justice and insurance principles, namely: all citizens of Ukraine are entitled to pensions, including the condition that those citizens who pay a larger amount of contributions or have more work experience than others have full right to and should receive a higher pension. The main purpose of the third level system is receiving additional pension payments to the mandatory State pension insurance by its participants, the advantage of which is to ensure a high level of return on pension assets compared to the level of inflation and attract investment resources necessary for the modernization of the domestic economy on a long-term basis. Currently, only the first and third levels of the pension system are operating in Ukraine. However, the third level of the domestic pension system still does not work with proper efficiency. The authors identify the problems of introduction of the accumulation system of pension provision in Ukraine (level 2) and the reasons for the inefficiency of the current system of the non-State pension provision (level 3). In order to develop a reliable and efficient system of the non-State pension provision, it is proposed to implement a number of measures that will contribute to economic growth and the effective functioning of the non-State pension funds in our country.

Transformation of the Principles of Formation of Insurance Pension Rights in the Context of Increased Retirement Age

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-79
Author(s):  
A. K. Solov’ev
Keyword(s):  
Pension System ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
Insurance System ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pension Insurance System

The presented study examines the impact of macroeconomic and demographic factors and increased retirement age on the formation of the pension rights of insured persons within the distributive component of the compulsory pension insurance system.Aim. The study aims to use actuarial calculations to substantiate the procedure for the formation of insurance pension rights within the compulsory pension insurance system in the context of population ageing.Tasks. The authors develop methodological approaches to the actuarial substantiation of the formation of pension rights within the distributive component of the compulsory pension insurance system. They also formulate proposals for improving pension legislation to increase the efficiency of the formation of insurance rights within the compulsory pension insurance system and for the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation to achieve fiscal balance, raising the level of pension for the period up to 2050.Methods. This study uses general and special scientific methods of cognition – analysis (economicstatistical, financial, systemic, comparative) of theoretical and practical materials and synthesis, expert assessment, actuarial modeling and forecasting – to examine the formation of pension rights by insured persons within the context of the pension system in various aspects (legal, historical, temporal) and to develop proposals for implementing measures aimed at improving the efficiency of the formation of pension rights in the long term.Results. Analysis of the leading approaches and principles in the formation of the pension rights of insured persons and legislative regulation of this process within a time interval of more than 30 years as well as the conducted actuarial calculations show that it is necessary to create a new mechanism for calculating pension rights in the context of population ageing. There is an obvious need to develop constructive measures based on the results of actuarial calculations to improve pension legislation.Conclusions. Examination of the way the formation of pension rights of insured persons transformed over time makes it obvious that this process is continuously affected by macroeconomic and demographic factors, including natural population ageing, and the measures taken to increase the retirement age. The resulting situation calls for the development of a set of measures aimed at improving the efficiency of pension reforms in the future to fully make allowance for the pension rights of insured persons in the amount of the future pension.

Modern pension and health insurance systems in Japan

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
Dmitry Maximovich Karpov
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Insurance Premiums ◽  
Insurance System ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Pension Insurance System

The article substantiates the relevance of issues related to the functioning of social protection systems for the population of developed countries. The review and analysis of the modern pension system in Japan is made. The mechanism of recognition of Japanese citizens and foreign citizens residing in it as insured persons of a certain category and the mechanism of functioning of individual subsystems of the pension insurance system (in particular, basic pension, employee pension insurance, optional (additional) pension insurance system) are considered. The data on the absolute amounts and rates of insurance premiums, the formulas by which the monthly pension is calculated, and the conditions that must be met by insured persons to acquire the right to a pension (for old age, for disability, for the loss of a breadwinner) are given. The conditions for receiving and the amount of benefits for dependents and child benefits are indicated. The review and analysis of the modern health insurance system in Japan is made. The mechanism of functioning of individual subsystems of the pension insurance system (in particular, insurance at the place of work, insurance at the municipal level, insurance for persons aged 75 and over) is considered. The data on the absolute amounts and rates of insurance premiums, on the specifics of fi nancing the activities of public and private organizations, which, on the basis of the principles of non-commercial activity, provide medical services to the population of Japan are presented. The conditions for receiving and the amount of benefits for the birth of a child, for a funeral, for temporary disability are indicated. Attention is drawn to the distinctive features of the pension and health insurance systems in Japan. It is proposed to use the Japanese experience to reform the national systems of social protection of the population.

Die Auswirkungen des gesetzlichen Mindestlohns auf die Rentenentwicklung

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (99) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Oliver Ehrentraut ◽  
Philipp Kreuzer ◽  
Stefan Moog ◽  
Heidrun Weinelt ◽  
Oliver Bruttel
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Wage Effects ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Wage Increases ◽  
Full Time Employment ◽  
Pension Insurance System

Der Beitrag untersucht auf Basis eines Simulationsmodells und empirischer Daten die Auswirkungen des gesetzlichen Mindestlohns auf die Rentenversicherung. Dabei werden sowohl die Wirkungen auf das Rentensystem insgesamt als auch die individuellen Rentenansprüche von Beschäftigten analysiert. Auf das Rentensystem insgesamt hat der Mindestlohn praktisch keine Auswirkungen, weil der Impuls des Mindestlohns auf die gesamtwirtschaftliche Lohnsumme letztlich zu gering ist. Auf individueller Ebene können sich die Rentenanwartschaften der Versicherten je nachdem, wie deutlich ihr Verdienst aufgrund der Mindestlohneinführung gestiegen ist, erhöhen. Die Rentenanwartschaften bleiben aber bei einem Verdienst in Höhe des Mindestlohns selbst bei durchgängiger Vollzeitbeschäftigung unter dem Niveau der Grundsicherung im Alter. Abstract: The Effects of Minimum Wage on the Statutory Pension Insurance in Germany In 2015, Germany introduced a national minimum wage. Based on a simulation model and empirical data we analyse its effects on the statutory pension insurance. We will consider aggregate effects on the pension insurance system in total as well as on individual pension entitlements of employees. Our results show that the minimum wage has only negligible effects on the pension system as a whole because the minimum wage induced wage effects on the economy’s total wage bill are rather small. On the individual level, the minimum wage can help to increase individual pension entitlements. The magnitude depends on individual wage increases resulting from the minimum wage introduction. However, even continuous full-time employment at the minimum wage level will not be enough to lift individual pension entitlements above the guaranteed minimum pension level.

scholarly journals The Main Reasons and Goals of the Pension Reform in Georgia

Economics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Nato Gegenava Nato Gegenava ◽  
Tamar Abuashvili Tamar Abuashvili
Keyword(s):  
Pension Fund ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Power Level ◽  
State Funding ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Subsistence Level ◽  
Pension Income ◽  
Social Pension

The concept of pension reform is a government’s plan to improve the pension system and reflects the long-term risks and takes into account the socio-economic reality in the country. The aim of the reform is to protect better existing retirees from poverty through indexation, which is guaranteed to maintain the retiree's purchasing power level; Providing the next generation of retirees with a higher pension income, which will be directly proportional to the income received during the employment period and the profit of the pension fund. The private pension system will allow employed citizens to plan better their retirement age and not depend only on state funding and be able to mobilize a certain amount before reaching retirement age. The need for reform stems from negative factors such as: an increase in the number of people of retirement age, a decrease in the birth rate, a decrease in the working age population, migration processes, etc. Analysis of the existing system show that it is impossible to maintain or improve the existing replacement ratio only in the medium and long term at the expense of state funding. The private accumulation model will be an additional component of the pension system, which will contribute to a significant increase in the replacement rate. The existence of a private accumulation system will make it possible to define better the fundamental principle of social pension, which implies protection of the population of retirement age from poverty. To achieve this goal, it is important that the social pension does not fall below the subsistence level and also that the pension should be increased at least in parallel with inflation or in the event of economic growth above inflation. Keywords: Pension system, Reform, Pension fund, Government, Population.

scholarly journals REASONS AND FEATURES OF IMPLEMENTING BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY IN THE PENSION SYSTEM OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-339
Author(s):  
T.G. Volkova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Current System ◽  
The State ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Registry System ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
State Pension

Due to the introduction of the digital economy on the territory of the Russian Federation and the urgency of the problem of implementing the distributed registry system (Blockchain) in various financial spheres, including the system of accounting for pension rights and obligations in the state and non-state pension systems, an attempt was made to assess the principles of implementing the Blockchain mechanism in the system of accounting for pension rights, insurance premiums and pension payments. The current system of centralized registries is based on the full confidence of its participants-clients. In particular, persons insured in the pension system. The non-transparency of the non-state pension component and the periodic changes in the state pension system seriously undermine this trust of citizens. Thus, the system of distributed registries that will solve this problem operates on the principles of transparency, availability for verification, reliability (security of transactions), economy, and trust on the part of customers. The article also considers the problem of formation and distribution of the accumulative pension component. The analysis of its losses and features of transfer to different pension organizations - participants of the state pension insurance system is carried out. It is proposed to solve the problems associated with these processes by implementing a system of distributed registries and smart contracts. In conclusion, the advantages and disadvantages of the distributed registry system are presented, as well as the difficulties of its implementation in the near future in the pension system of the Russian Federation are analyzed.

scholarly journals Modernization of the system of formation and use of financial resources of pension insurance in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Olena PETRUSHKA
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Insurance System ◽  
Adequacy Assessment ◽  
Pension Insurance System

Introduction. Due to the demographic, socio-economic and financial problems facing Ukraine, the need to modernize Ukraine’s pension system is quite acute. The basis for its improvement should be changes that will ensure the creation of a balanced and equitable pension insurance system, which will operate on the basis of transparency and efficiency, the main vocation of which will be to ensure a high standard of living and social integration of existing and future retirees. The purpose of the paper is to study the problems of the functioning of the pension system of Ukraine and to find ways to improve the system of formation and use of financial resources of pension insurance. Results. Real and priority steps towards the implementation of the outlined vectors of reform on the way to improving the pension system should be comprehensive systemic measures to de-shadow the economy, create jobs, legalize the labor market, reduce pressure on the payroll and simplify tax administration, ensure adequate wages and income. In order to improve the mechanism of effective use of the pension system, it is necessary to modernize the existing system of administrative, financial and budgetary management. The key point of such modernization is to take into account the completeness of financial security, efficiency and effectiveness of financial flow management. Ensuring the efficient use of budget funds of the pension system is considered as one of the ways to increase the provision of these funds. The use of budget funds should be based on a balance of opportunities and needs for financial resources, analysis of their adequacy, assessment of their effectiveness and manageability, the availability of innovative levers and management schemes, other components of financial management, soundness of financial flows. One of the important activities to solve the problem of formation and use of financial resources is to overcome the problem of distrust and lack of public awareness about private pension provision. Conclusion. The urgency of the chosen ways to modernize the pension system of Ukraine is increasing due to the fact that it will concern the improvement not only of the pension insurance system, but also of the entire economic system of Ukraine. After all, it will create additional incentives for the economy to emerge from the shadows, will form a great potential of financial resources that will be directed to investment and economic development of the country.

scholarly journals PENSION INSURANCE REFORM IN CROATIA AT THE PRESENT STAGE

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Валерий Шрам ◽  
Valeriy Shram
Keyword(s):  
Pension System ◽  
System Development ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
Insurance System ◽  
Legal Standards ◽  
Insurance Reform ◽  
Funded Pensions ◽  
Pension Insurance System

The article analyzes the pension insurance reform in Croatia, which marked the beginning of a three-level pension system formation. The first level includes old-age pensions, disability pension and survivors pension as part of the compulsory pension insurance system. The second level includes pensions on the basis of the compulsory pension insurance with a saving element. The third level is based on the voluntary pension insurance system. The author reveals the conditions for granting non-contributory pensions, non-contributory pensions with a saving element as well as conditions for granting funded pensions. The article analyses the new formula for calculation of non-contributory (funded) pensions, which was initially introduced as part of the Pension Insurance Law in 1998. The article displays fundamental changes in the pension insurance system, which led to the formation of compulsory pension funds and non-governmental pension funds. Special attention is paid to the formation in compulsory pension funds of capitalized savings of the insured parties as part of the compulsory pension insurance and to the procedures for payment of funded pensions with a saving element. The article reveals the reasons for adopting in 2013 and 2014 of pension laws, the implementation of which will determine the improvement of the pension insurance system in Croatia. The article reviews the conditions for the formation of compulsory and voluntary pension funds. Special attention is paid to the participation of the insured parties aged up to 40 years in compulsory pension funds, which are divided into three categories depending on the extent of risk management during investing of the insured parties’ savings. Besides general scientific methods (analysis and synthesis), the author also applied in the article private law research techniques, in particular, formal logical, theoretical, comprehensive legal, historical and comparative law methods. Scientific novelty of the work is in its integrative and comprehensive approach to the analysis of the Croatian pension system development, which is formed on the basis of a three-level system of pension insurance. The analysis of the pension insurance norms and law enforcement practice in the modern period is of great scientific and practical importance. The research findings should contribute to the development of proposals on the creation in the Russian Federation of a pension system, which is adequate to the country’s modern social-economic development and which complies with the international and legal standards of social security and foreign states’ experience.

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