scholarly journals Taming ROS: Mitochondria-Targeted AIEgen for Neuron Protection via Photosensitization-Triggered Autophagy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Chen ◽  
Ruoyao Zhang ◽  
Jianyu Zhang ◽  
Yufan Zhang ◽  
Haoke Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Promising Method ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Cell Protection ◽  
Aggregation Induced Emission ◽  
Oxidative Damages ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Ros Homeostasis ◽  
Destructive Oxidation

<div> <p>Oxidative damages lead to accumulated harmful wastes, which in turn aggravate the related diseases and ROS imbalance. Therefore, provoking the defense system against severe oxidation and maintaining ROS homeostasis are desired. Herein, we used <a>a mitochondria</a>-targeted aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) as a phototherapy agent for neuron protection by virtue of its efficient ROS generation in aggregates and mitochondrial delivery. It is demonstrated that controllable ROS generation within mitochondria can trigger defensive autophagy against oxidative damages in neuron cells. This work not only verifies the concept that taming ROS can be used for cell protection, but also provides a promising method to trigger autophagy against destructive oxidation, displaying broad prospects for alleviating oxidation-related diseases and promoting cell-based therapy.</p> </div>

scholarly journals Taming ROS: Mitochondria-Targeted AIEgen for Neuron Protection via Photosensitization-Triggered Autophagy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Chen ◽  
Ruoyao Zhang ◽  
Jianyu Zhang ◽  
Yufan Zhang ◽  
Haoke Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Promising Method ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Cell Protection ◽  
Aggregation Induced Emission ◽  
Oxidative Damages ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Ros Homeostasis ◽  
Destructive Oxidation

<div> <p>Oxidative damages lead to accumulated harmful wastes, which in turn aggravate the related diseases and ROS imbalance. Therefore, provoking the defense system against severe oxidation and maintaining ROS homeostasis are desired. Herein, we used <a>a mitochondria</a>-targeted aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) as a phototherapy agent for neuron protection by virtue of its efficient ROS generation in aggregates and mitochondrial delivery. It is demonstrated that controllable ROS generation within mitochondria can trigger defensive autophagy against oxidative damages in neuron cells. This work not only verifies the concept that taming ROS can be used for cell protection, but also provides a promising method to trigger autophagy against destructive oxidation, displaying broad prospects for alleviating oxidation-related diseases and promoting cell-based therapy.</p> </div>

scholarly journals Regulation of Ascorbate-Glutathione Pathway in Mitigating Oxidative Damage in Plants under Abiotic Stress

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirza Hasanuzzaman ◽  
M. H. M. Borhannuddin Bhuyan ◽  
Taufika Islam Anee ◽  
Khursheda Parvin ◽  
Kamrun Nahar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Stressed Condition ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Adverse Conditions

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation is a usual phenomenon in a plant both under a normal and stressed condition. However, under unfavorable or adverse conditions, ROS production exceeds the capacity of the antioxidant defense system. Both non-enzymatic and enzymatic components of the antioxidant defense system either detoxify or scavenge ROS and mitigate their deleterious effects. The Ascorbate-Glutathione (AsA-GSH) pathway, also known as Asada–Halliwell pathway comprises of AsA, GSH, and four enzymes viz. ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione reductase, play a vital role in detoxifying ROS. Apart from ROS detoxification, they also interact with other defense systems in plants and protect the plants from various abiotic stress-induced damages. Several plant studies revealed that the upregulation or overexpression of AsA-GSH pathway enzymes and the enhancement of the AsA and GSH levels conferred plants better tolerance to abiotic stresses by reducing the ROS. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of the research on AsA-GSH pathway in terms of oxidative stress tolerance in plants. We also focus on the defense mechanisms as well as molecular interactions.

scholarly journals Precise and Efficient Phototheranostics: Molecular Engineering of Photosensitizers with Near-Infrared Aggregation-Induced Emission for Acid-Triggered Nucleus-Targeted Photodynamic Cancer Therapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijun Zhang ◽  
Wenhan XU ◽  
Peihong Xiao ◽  
Miaomiao Kang ◽  
Dingyuan Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Molecular Engineering ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Subcellular Targeting ◽  
Aggregation Induced Emission ◽  
Photodynamic Cancer Therapy

Phototheranostics involving both fluorescence imaging (FLI) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been recognized to be potentially powerful for cancer treatment by virtue of various intrinsic advantages. However, the state-of-the-art materials in this area are still far from ideal towards practical applications, owing to their respective and collective drawbacks, such as inefficient imaging quality, inferior reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, the lack of subcellular-targeting capability, and dissatisfactory theranostics delivery. In this contribution, these shortcomings are successfully addressed through the integration of finely engineered photosensitizers having aggregation-induced emission (AIE) features and well tailored nanocarrier system. The yielded AIE NPs simultaneously exhibit broad absorption in visible light region, bright near-infrared fluorescence emission, extremely high ROS generation, as well as tumor lysosomal acidity-activated and nucleus-targeted delivery functions, making them dramatically promising for precise and efficient phototheranostics. Both in vitro and in vivo evaluations show that the presented nanotheranostic system bearing excellent photostability and appreciable biosecurity well performed in FLI-guided photodynamic cancer therapy. This study thus not only extends the applications scope of AIE nanomaterials, but also offers useful insights into constructing a new generation of cancer theranostics.

Thyroid hormone in the frontier of cell protection, survival and functional recovery

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A. Videla ◽  
Virginia Fernández ◽  
Pamela Cornejo ◽  
Romina Vargas ◽  
Iván Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Cell Protection ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Thyroid hormone (TH) exerts important actions on cellular energy metabolism, accelerating O2consumption with consequent reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and redox signalling affording cell protection, a response that is contributed by redox-independent mechanisms. These processes underlie genomic and non-genomic pathways, which are integrated and exhibit hierarchical organisation. ROS production led to the activation of the redox-sensitive transcription factors nuclear factor-κB, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, activating protein 1 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, promoting cell protection and survival by TH. These features involve enhancement in the homeostatic potential including antioxidant, antiapoptotic, antiinflammatory and cell proliferation responses, besides higher detoxification capabilities and energy supply through AMP-activated protein kinase upregulation. The above aspects constitute the molecular basis for TH-induced preconditioning of the liver that exerts protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury, a strategy also observed in extrahepatic organs of experimental animals and with other types of injury, which awaits application in the clinical setting. Noteworthy, re-adjusting TH to normal levels results in several beneficial effects; for example, it lengthens the cold storage time of organs for transplantation from brain-dead donors; allows a superior neurological outcome in infants of <28 weeks of gestation; reduces the cognitive side-effects of lithium and improves electroconvulsive therapy in patients with bipolar disorders.

scholarly journals Electron leak from NDUFA13 within mitochondrial complex I attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury via dimerized STAT3

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (45) ◽  
pp. 11908-11913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hengxun Hu ◽  
Jinliang Nan ◽  
Yong Sun ◽  
Dan Zhu ◽  
Changchen Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Complex I ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Cell Protection ◽  
Causative Relationship ◽  
R Process ◽  
And Function

The causative relationship between specific mitochondrial molecular structure and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation has attracted much attention. NDUFA13 is a newly identified accessory subunit of mitochondria complex I with a unique molecular structure and a location that is very close to the subunits of complex I of low electrochemical potentials. It has been reported that down-regulated NDUFA13 rendered tumor cells more resistant to apoptosis. Thus, this molecule might provide an ideal opportunity for us to investigate the profile of ROS generation and its role in cell protection against apoptosis. In the present study, we generated cardiac-specific tamoxifen-inducible NDUFA13 knockout mice and demonstrated that cardiac-specific heterozygous knockout (cHet) mice exhibited normal cardiac morphology and function in the basal state but were more resistant to apoptosis when exposed to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. cHet mice showed a preserved capacity of oxygen consumption rate by complex I and II, which can match the oxygen consumption driven by electron donors ofN,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD)+ascorbate. Interestingly, at basal state, cHet mice exhibited a higher H2O2level in the cytosol, but not in the mitochondria. Importantly, increased H2O2served as a second messenger and led to the STAT3 dimerization and, hence, activation of antiapoptotic signaling, which eventually significantly suppressed the superoxide burst and decreased the infarct size during the I/R process in cHet mice.

scholarly journals Transcriptional Regulation of ROS Homeostasis by the ERR Subfamily of Nuclear Receptors

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 437
Author(s):  
Charlotte Scholtes ◽  
Vincent Giguère
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Cellular Energy ◽  
Metabolic Genes ◽  
Ros Homeostasis ◽  
Ros Metabolism ◽  
Antioxidant Mechanisms

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion (O2•−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are generated endogenously by processes such as mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, or they may arise from exogenous sources like bacterial invasion. ROS can be beneficial (oxidative eustress) as signaling molecules but also harmful (oxidative distress) to cells when ROS levels become unregulated in response to physiological, pathological or pharmacological insults. Indeed, abnormal ROS levels have been shown to contribute to the etiology of a wide variety of diseases. Transcriptional control of metabolic genes is a crucial mechanism to coordinate ROS homeostasis. Therefore, a better understanding of how ROS metabolism is regulated by specific transcription factors can contribute to uncovering new therapeutic strategies. A large body of work has positioned the estrogen-related receptors (ERRs), transcription factors belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily, as not only master regulators of cellular energy metabolism but, most recently, of ROS metabolism. Herein, we will review the role played by the ERRs as transcriptional regulators of ROS generation and antioxidant mechanisms and also as ROS sensors. We will assess how the control of ROS homeostasis by the ERRs can be linked to physiology and disease and the possible contribution of manipulating ERR activity in redox medicine.

scholarly journals Precise and Efficient Phototheranostics: Molecular Engineering of Photosensitizers with Near-Infrared Aggregation-Induced Emission for Acid-Triggered Nucleus-Targeted Photodynamic Cancer Therapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijun Zhang ◽  
Wenhan XU ◽  
Peihong Xiao ◽  
Miaomiao Kang ◽  
Dingyuan Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Molecular Engineering ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Subcellular Targeting ◽  
Aggregation Induced Emission ◽  
Photodynamic Cancer Therapy

Phototheranostics involving both fluorescence imaging (FLI) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been recognized to be potentially powerful for cancer treatment by virtue of various intrinsic advantages. However, the state-of-the-art materials in this area are still far from ideal towards practical applications, owing to their respective and collective drawbacks, such as inefficient imaging quality, inferior reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, the lack of subcellular-targeting capability, and dissatisfactory theranostics delivery. In this contribution, these shortcomings are successfully addressed through the integration of finely engineered photosensitizers having aggregation-induced emission (AIE) features and well tailored nanocarrier system. The yielded AIE NPs simultaneously exhibit broad absorption in visible light region, bright near-infrared fluorescence emission, extremely high ROS generation, as well as tumor lysosomal acidity-activated and nucleus-targeted delivery functions, making them dramatically promising for precise and efficient phototheranostics. Both in vitro and in vivo evaluations show that the presented nanotheranostic system bearing excellent photostability and appreciable biosecurity well performed in FLI-guided photodynamic cancer therapy. This study thus not only extends the applications scope of AIE nanomaterials, but also offers useful insights into constructing a new generation of cancer theranostics.

scholarly journals Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidant Defense in Plants under Salinity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9326
Author(s):  
Mirza Hasanuzzaman ◽  
Md. Rakib Hossain Raihan ◽  
Abdul Awal Chowdhury Masud ◽  
Khussboo Rahman ◽  
Farzana Nowroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Defense System

The generation of oxygen radicals and their derivatives, known as reactive oxygen species, (ROS) is a part of the signaling process in higher plants at lower concentrations, but at higher concentrations, those ROS cause oxidative stress. Salinity-induced osmotic stress and ionic stress trigger the overproduction of ROS and, ultimately, result in oxidative damage to cell organelles and membrane components, and at severe levels, they cause cell and plant death. The antioxidant defense system protects the plant from salt-induced oxidative damage by detoxifying the ROS and also by maintaining the balance of ROS generation under salt stress. Different plant hormones and genes are also associated with the signaling and antioxidant defense system to protect plants when they are exposed to salt stress. Salt-induced ROS overgeneration is one of the major reasons for hampering the morpho-physiological and biochemical activities of plants which can be largely restored through enhancing the antioxidant defense system that detoxifies ROS. In this review, we discuss the salt-induced generation of ROS, oxidative stress and antioxidant defense of plants under salinity.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Modulation of Virus-Induced Oxidative Stress via the Nrf2-Dependent Antioxidative Pathway

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Choongho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Nrf2 Pathway ◽  
Pharmacological Manipulations

Virus-induced oxidative stress plays a critical role in the viral life cycle as well as the pathogenesis of viral diseases. In response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by a virus, a host cell activates an antioxidative defense system for its own protection. Particularly, a nuclear factor erythroid 2p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway works in a front-line for cytoprotection and detoxification. Recently, a series of studies suggested that a group of clinically relevant viruses have the capacity for positive and negative regulations of the Nrf2 pathway. This virus-induced modulation of the host antioxidative response turned out to be a crucial determinant for the progression of several viral diseases. In this review, virus-specific examples of positive and negative modulations of the Nrf2 pathway will be summarized first. Then a number of successful genetic and pharmacological manipulations of the Nrf2 pathway for suppression of the viral replication and the pathogenesis-associated oxidative damage will be discussed later. Understanding of the interplay between virus-induced oxidative stress and antioxidative host response will aid in the discovery of potential antiviral supplements for better management of viral diseases.

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