scholarly journals Regulation of Ascorbate-Glutathione Pathway in Mitigating Oxidative Damage in Plants under Abiotic Stress

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirza Hasanuzzaman ◽  
M. H. M. Borhannuddin Bhuyan ◽  
Taufika Islam Anee ◽  
Khursheda Parvin ◽  
Kamrun Nahar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Stressed Condition ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Adverse Conditions

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation is a usual phenomenon in a plant both under a normal and stressed condition. However, under unfavorable or adverse conditions, ROS production exceeds the capacity of the antioxidant defense system. Both non-enzymatic and enzymatic components of the antioxidant defense system either detoxify or scavenge ROS and mitigate their deleterious effects. The Ascorbate-Glutathione (AsA-GSH) pathway, also known as Asada–Halliwell pathway comprises of AsA, GSH, and four enzymes viz. ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione reductase, play a vital role in detoxifying ROS. Apart from ROS detoxification, they also interact with other defense systems in plants and protect the plants from various abiotic stress-induced damages. Several plant studies revealed that the upregulation or overexpression of AsA-GSH pathway enzymes and the enhancement of the AsA and GSH levels conferred plants better tolerance to abiotic stresses by reducing the ROS. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of the research on AsA-GSH pathway in terms of oxidative stress tolerance in plants. We also focus on the defense mechanisms as well as molecular interactions.

scholarly journals Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidant Defense in Plants under Salinity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9326
Author(s):  
Mirza Hasanuzzaman ◽  
Md. Rakib Hossain Raihan ◽  
Abdul Awal Chowdhury Masud ◽  
Khussboo Rahman ◽  
Farzana Nowroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Defense System

The generation of oxygen radicals and their derivatives, known as reactive oxygen species, (ROS) is a part of the signaling process in higher plants at lower concentrations, but at higher concentrations, those ROS cause oxidative stress. Salinity-induced osmotic stress and ionic stress trigger the overproduction of ROS and, ultimately, result in oxidative damage to cell organelles and membrane components, and at severe levels, they cause cell and plant death. The antioxidant defense system protects the plant from salt-induced oxidative damage by detoxifying the ROS and also by maintaining the balance of ROS generation under salt stress. Different plant hormones and genes are also associated with the signaling and antioxidant defense system to protect plants when they are exposed to salt stress. Salt-induced ROS overgeneration is one of the major reasons for hampering the morpho-physiological and biochemical activities of plants which can be largely restored through enhancing the antioxidant defense system that detoxifies ROS. In this review, we discuss the salt-induced generation of ROS, oxidative stress and antioxidant defense of plants under salinity.

Antioxidant Defense System in Plants Against Abiotic Stress

2020 ◽  
pp. 175-202
Author(s):  
Mukesh K. Berwal ◽  
Ramesh Kumar ◽  
Krishna Prakash ◽  
Gyanendra K. Rai ◽  
K.B. Hebbar
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Defense System

scholarly journals Regulation of ROS Metabolism in Plants under Environmental Stress: A Review of Recent Experimental Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8695
Author(s):  
Mirza Hasanuzzaman ◽  
M. H. M. Borhannuddin Bhuyan ◽  
Khursheda Parvin ◽  
Tasnim Farha Bhuiyan ◽  
Taufika Islam Anee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Ros Scavenging

Various environmental stresses singly or in combination generate excess amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress and impaired redox homeostasis. Generation of ROS is the obvious outcome of abiotic stresses and is gaining importance not only for their ubiquitous generation and subsequent damaging effects in plants but also for their diversified roles in signaling cascade, affecting other biomolecules, hormones concerning growth, development, or regulation of stress tolerance. Therefore, a good balance between ROS generation and the antioxidant defense system protects photosynthetic machinery, maintains membrane integrity, and prevents damage to nucleic acids and proteins. Notably, the antioxidant defense system not only scavenges ROS but also regulates the ROS titer for signaling. A glut of studies have been executed over the last few decades to discover the pattern of ROS generation and ROS scavenging. Reports suggested a sharp threshold level of ROS for being beneficial or toxic, depending on the plant species, their growth stages, types of abiotic stresses, stress intensity, and duration. Approaches towards enhancing the antioxidant defense in plants is one of the vital areas of research for plant biologists. Therefore, in this review, we accumulated and discussed the physicochemical basis of ROS production, cellular compartment-specific ROS generation pathways, and their possible distressing effects. Moreover, the function of the antioxidant defense system for detoxification and homeostasis of ROS for maximizing defense is also discussed in light of the latest research endeavors and experimental evidence.

scholarly journals Biostimulants for the Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species Metabolism in Plants under Abiotic Stress

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2537
Author(s):  
Mirza Hasanuzzaman ◽  
Khursheda Parvin ◽  
Kirti Bardhan ◽  
Kamrun Nahar ◽  
Taufika Islam Anee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Multiple Stress

Global food security for a growing population with finite resources is often challenged by multiple, simultaneously occurring on-farm abiotic stresses (i.e., drought, salinity, low and high temperature, waterlogging, metal toxicity, etc.) due to climatic uncertainties and variability. Breeding for multiple stress tolerance is a long-term solution, though developing multiple-stress-tolerant crop varieties is still a challenge. Generation of reactive oxygen species in plant cells is a common response under diverse multiple abiotic stresses which play dual role of signaling molecules or damaging agents depending on concentration. Thus, a delicate balance of reactive oxygen species generation under stress may improve crop health, which depends on the natural antioxidant defense system of the plants. Biostimulants represent a promising type of environment-friendly formulation based on natural products that are frequently used exogenously to enhance abiotic stress tolerance. In this review, we illustrate the potential of diverse biostimulants on the activity of the antioxidant defense system of major crop plants under stress conditions and their other roles in the management of abiotic stresses. Biostimulants have the potential to overcome oxidative stress, though their wider applicability is tightly regulated by dose, crop growth stage, variety and type of biostimulants. However, these limitations can be overcome with the understanding of biostimulants’ interaction with ROS signaling and the antioxidant defense system of the plants.

scholarly journals Alleviating Salinity Stress During Seed Germinating by Priming Techniques : A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 198-202
Author(s):  
Sandhya R Verma ◽  
Hitesh A Solanki
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Radicle Protrusion ◽  
Priming Process ◽  
Metabolic Activities

Seed germination and seedling growth are the two critical stages for crop establishment. These stages are the most sensitive to abiotic stresses, which decreases the germination percentage and increases germination time. Due to such abiotic stress, the germination of crop fails in adverse conditions. Salinity is one of the major abiotic stress, which adversely affects almost every aspect of the plant’s physiology, biochemistry and decreases yield. Salinity is the most severe threat to agriculture and major environmental factors that limit crop growth and productivity. Various techniques have been shown to improve emergence and stand establishment under salt stress. One of the most frequently utilized technique is seed priming. The seed priming process deals with the prior exposure of abiotic stress, making a seed more resistant to future exposure. Seed priming stimulates pre-germination metabolic activities and enhances radicle protrusion. It enhances the antioxidant defense system and the repair of membranes. The process of seed priming and the mechanism of the effect of salinity on seed germination have been discussed. The physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes induced by priming leading to seed enhancement have also been covered.

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