scholarly journals A Methodical Study to Unravel the Potential of using Polysaccharides based Organic Nanoparticles Versus Hybrid Nanoparticles for Pesticide Delivery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritu Mahajan ◽  
Abdul Selim ◽  
Neethu K M ◽  
Sandeep Sharma ◽  
Vijayakumar Shanmugam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Branched Polymers ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Hybrid Nanoparticles ◽  
Cellulose Derivatives ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose ◽  
Organic Nanoparticles ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The Right

Conventional pesticide release pollutes the atmosphere and root healthiness threats. To daze its limitations, nanotechnology mediated pesticide delivery using various natural polymers have been actively investigated. However, the lack of information on what are the beneficial/non-beneficial aspects of using hybrid- and organic- nanoparticles (NP) and among the polysaccharides which are better suited concerning pesticide loading efficiency (PLE), entrapment efficiency (E.E), and sustained-pesticide-release (SPR) has prompted us to investigate this study. In this report, we systematically investigate a series of polysaccharides such as starch (S), cellulose (C), aminocellulose (AC) and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) coated on magnetite NP (MNP, Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) and complete organic nanocarrier systems (starch and cellulose) that have no MNP part were compared for the PLE and SPR efficiencies for chlorpyrifos (ChP) insecticide. Overall, all nanocarriers (NCs) have shown good to excellent PLE due to the smaller sized NP obtained through optimal conditions. However, among the hybrid polysaccharides studied, starch MNP (S-MNP) has shown a maximum PLE of 111 wt% in comparison with other polysaccharides (80 – 94 wt%) as well as with organic-NCs (81 – 87 wt%). The use of inorganic support does improve the PLE greatly for starch but not for cellulose derivatives. Similarly, the SPR results of S-NP showed remarkably better sustained-release-profile for ChP of 88 % in 14 days, whereas other unfunctionalized and functionalized celluloses exhibited poor release profiles of 60 – 20 % for the same period. These results indicate that the superior performance of starch might be due to the beta-1,4- & 1,6-linkages of sugar moieties leading to the branched polymers which bring more room for the pesticide to be entrapped and allow them to release in a sustainable manner. We believe that this study may help the researchers to choose the right system for designing and achieving enhanced pesticide efficiency.

scholarly journals A Methodical Study to Unravel the Potential of using Polysaccharides based Organic Nanoparticles Versus Hybrid Nanoparticles for Pesticide Delivery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritu Mahajan ◽  
Abdul Selim ◽  
Neethu K M ◽  
Sandeep Sharma ◽  
Vijayakumar Shanmugam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Branched Polymers ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Hybrid Nanoparticles ◽  
Cellulose Derivatives ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose ◽  
Organic Nanoparticles ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The Right

Conventional pesticide release pollutes the atmosphere and root healthiness threats. To daze its limitations, nanotechnology mediated pesticide delivery using various natural polymers have been actively investigated. However, the lack of information on what are the beneficial/non-beneficial aspects of using hybrid- and organic- nanoparticles (NP) and among the polysaccharides which are better suited concerning pesticide loading efficiency (PLE), entrapment efficiency (E.E), and sustained-pesticide-release (SPR) has prompted us to investigate this study. In this report, we systematically investigate a series of polysaccharides such as starch (S), cellulose (C), aminocellulose (AC) and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) coated on magnetite NP (MNP, Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) and complete organic nanocarrier systems (starch and cellulose) that have no MNP part were compared for the PLE and SPR efficiencies for chlorpyrifos (ChP) insecticide. Overall, all nanocarriers (NCs) have shown good to excellent PLE due to the smaller sized NP obtained through optimal conditions. However, among the hybrid polysaccharides studied, starch MNP (S-MNP) has shown a maximum PLE of 111 wt% in comparison with other polysaccharides (80 – 94 wt%) as well as with organic-NCs (81 – 87 wt%). The use of inorganic support does improve the PLE greatly for starch but not for cellulose derivatives. Similarly, the SPR results of S-NP showed remarkably better sustained-release-profile for ChP of 88 % in 14 days, whereas other unfunctionalized and functionalized celluloses exhibited poor release profiles of 60 – 20 % for the same period. These results indicate that the superior performance of starch might be due to the beta-1,4- & 1,6-linkages of sugar moieties leading to the branched polymers which bring more room for the pesticide to be entrapped and allow them to release in a sustainable manner. We believe that this study may help the researchers to choose the right system for designing and achieving enhanced pesticide efficiency.

scholarly journals Graph Convolutional Network and Convolutional Neural Network Based Method for Predicting lncRNA-Disease Associations

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan ◽  
Pan ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Liu ◽  
Sun
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Heterogeneous Network ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Convolutional Network ◽  
Topological Information ◽  
Disease Pair ◽  
Disease Associations ◽  
The Right

Aberrant expressions of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are often associated with diseases and identification of disease-related lncRNAs is helpful for elucidating complex pathogenesis. Recent methods for predicting associations between lncRNAs and diseases integrate their pertinent heterogeneous data. However, they failed to deeply integrate topological information of heterogeneous network comprising lncRNAs, diseases, and miRNAs. We proposed a novel method based on the graph convolutional network and convolutional neural network, referred to as GCNLDA, to infer disease-related lncRNA candidates. The heterogeneous network containing the lncRNA, disease, and miRNA nodes, is constructed firstly. The embedding matrix of a lncRNA-disease node pair was constructed according to various biological premises about lncRNAs, diseases, and miRNAs. A new framework based on a graph convolutional network and a convolutional neural network was developed to learn network and local representations of the lncRNA-disease pair. On the left side of the framework, the autoencoder based on graph convolution deeply integrated topological information within the heterogeneous lncRNA-disease-miRNA network. Moreover, as different node features have discriminative contributions to the association prediction, an attention mechanism at node feature level is constructed. The left side learnt the network representation of the lncRNA-disease pair. The convolutional neural networks on the right side of the framework learnt the local representation of the lncRNA-disease pair by focusing on the similarities, associations, and interactions that are only related to the pair. Compared to several state-of-the-art prediction methods, GCNLDA had superior performance. Case studies on stomach cancer, osteosarcoma, and lung cancer confirmed that GCNLDA effectively discovers the potential lncRNA-disease associations.

scholarly journals A radiological evaluation of alveolar bone regeneration between the left and right mandibles and maxillae of the Chacma baboon

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marthinus J. Kotze ◽  
Kurt-W. Bütow ◽  
Steve A. Olorunju ◽  
Harry F. Kotze
Keyword(s):  
Healing Rate ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Digital Radiology ◽  
Grey Scale ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Maxilla And Mandible ◽  
The Right

There is a lack of information in comparing the healing rate between the left and right sides of the maxilla and mandible. Osteogenesis of alveolar bone was evaluated with digital radiology by comparing differences in bone density (BD) at different time points within the left and right maxilla and mandible. Alveolar bone defects were created in five healthy Chacma baboons. Standardised x-ray images were acquired over time and the densities of the selected trauma areas were measured pre-operatively, post-operatively and at 3 and 6 weeks post-operatively. Differences in densities were statistically tested. There was no significant difference when the grey scale averages of the combined first and fourth quadrants (right side) and combined second and third quadrants (left side) were compared pre-operatively (t = 0.70), immediately post-operatively (t = 0.34), 3 weeks post-operatively (t = 0.40) and 6 weeks post-operatively (t = 0.66). There was also no significant difference between the values for the first and second quadrants (maxilla) pre-operatively (t = 0.37), immediately post-operatively (t = 0.30), 3 weeks post-operatively (t = 0.30) and 6 weeks post-operatively (t = 0.38); the third and fourth quadrants (mandible) were also not significantly different pre-operatively (t = 0.29), immediately post-operatively (t = 0.69), 3 weeks post-operatively (t = 0.07) and 6 weeks postoperatively (t = 0.06). However, the results showed an increased predisposition of the right side to regenerate faster than the left side and indicated sufficient information to investigate the effect of laterality and preferred side of mastication on the rate of healing and alveolar BD in the maxilla and mandible.

Beauty and wellness turn towards a green economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierfrancesco Morganti ◽  
Gianluca Morganti ◽  
Adnan Memic ◽  
Maria Beatrice Coltelli ◽  
Hong-Duo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Body ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Material Resource ◽  
Sustainable Technologies ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Willingness To Buy ◽  
Water As Solvent ◽  
The Right

: Beauty and wellness remain for both women and men an important target also because global attractiveness is considered a cue indicating the ability to maintain beauty and wellness. Consequently neuromarketing has occurred as an innovative mean to interact with consumer's trend, actually looking for high-quality and natural cosmetics and food. By the biometric studies, in fact, it seems possible to verify the consumers’ willingness to buy the right products they are looking for. On the other hand, customers are requesting cosmeceuticals and nutraceuticals acting positively on the superficial appearance of face and body, seem to be able to boost the immune system also, limiting the stress conditions. This general disease is induced by the actual way of living on a planet invaded by a great quantity of waste released from human’s activities. The consequent pollution alters the ecological balance of the body, influencing negatively the life of animals and plants also. Thus, the induced stress, further increased by the COVID-19 spread, could change the human brain' neural conditions. Consequently, in humans the production of both neurons' stem cells and cortisol could decrease, while in plants, the patterns of growth could affect the leaf cuticle and stomatal conductance. Thus brain, under psychosocial stress, actively demands energy from the body, eliciting a marked increase in eating by a major carbohydrate intake which sacrifices the requirements of other organs. In any way, pollution has wide-ranging adverse health and social effects, further worsened by an increased worldwide aged population who, requiring more food and goods, increases the waste production. What the proposed solution? To change the way of consuming and producing, it is necessary to optimize the material resource, minimizing waste that should be recycled and reused by a green economy approach. So doing, it could be possible to realize a new industrial Renaissance reducing consumption of water, energy and natural raw materials. Thus the necessity to use sustainable technologies and materials for maintaining human wellbeing in an environment in which the species' biodiversity could be assured. At this purpose, chitin nanofibrils(CN), nano-lignin (NL) and their derived compounds have been proposed to make nanoparticles (NPs) by the use of water as solvent. These NPs, loaded with different active ingredients, may be embedded into innovative natural or man-made polymers and used to make biodegradable carriers in the form of non-woven tissues and films. Depending on the polymers and on the actives loaded into the fibers, these new vehicles may be used to produce smart cosmeceuticals, nutraceuticals or advanced medications. It is interesting to underline that all these innovative NPs and tissue/films can be produced by natural polymers and ingredients, obtained from waste materials and produced by sustainable technologies at low consumption of water and energy, according to the new green economy.

scholarly journals Physically Cross-Linked Gels of PVA with Natural Polymers as Matrices for Manuka Honey Release in Wound-Care Applications

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Neres Santos ◽  
Ana Duarte Moreira ◽  
Carlos Piler Carvalho ◽  
Rosa Luchese ◽  
Edlene Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose ◽  
Manuka Honey ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Burn Treatment ◽  
Burn Care ◽  
Capacity Degradation

Manuka honey is a well-known natural material from New Zealand, considered to have properties beneficial for burn treatment. Gels created from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blended with natural polymers are potential burn-care dressings, combining biocompatibility with high fluid uptake. Controlled release of manuka honey from such materials is a possible strategy for improving burn healing. This work aimed to produce polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), PVA–sodium carboxymethylcellulose (PVA-CMC), PVA–gelatin (PVA-G), and PVA–starch (PVA-S) cryogels infused with honey and to characterize these materials physicochemically, morphologically, and thermally, followed by in vitro analysis of swelling capacity, degradation/weight loss, honey delivery kinetics, and possible activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The addition of honey to PVA led to many PVA crystals with defects, while PVA–starch–honey and PVA–sodium carboxymethylcellulose–honey (PVA-CMC-H) formed amorphous gels. PVA-CMC presented the highest swelling degree of all. PVA-CMC-H and PVA–gelatin–honey presented the highest swelling capacities of the honey-laden samples. Weight loss/degradation was significantly higher for samples containing honey. Layers submitted to more freeze–thawing cycles were less porous in SEM images. With the honey concentration used, samples did not inhibit S. aureus, but pure manuka honey was bactericidal and dilutions superior to 25% honey were bacteriostatic, indicating the need for higher concentrations to be more effective.

Laterality and Force of Handgrip during the First Two Years at School

1989 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 955-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz Krombholz
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
First Year ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Lateral Dominance ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Paper And Pencil ◽  
The Right

The connection between lateral dominance and force of handgrip was investigated by means of a repeated-measures design. 521 children participated. Performance on a paper-and-pencil task and force of handgrip were measured at the beginning of the first year at school and at the end of the first and of the second years at school. On the paper-and-pencil task 84% of the children were classified as right-handers, 8% as left-handers, and 8% as ambidexterous. About 2% of children classified as right-handers at the beginning of the first year at school were classified as left-handers at the end of the second year at school while 18% of left-handers shifted to right-handedness. 52% of children attained their best performance on handgrip with the right hand and 39% with the left hand. No differences could be found either for the right or for the left hand in force of handgrip between right- and left-handed and ambidexterous children. For right-handers, however, the more skilled hand showed superior performance in force of handgrip. These results indicate that left-handers are less strongly handed than right-handers.

Using Fractal and Local Binary Pattern Features for Classification of ECOG Motor Imagery Tasks Obtained from the Right Brain Hemisphere

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (06) ◽  
pp. 1650022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangzhou Xu ◽  
Weidong Zhou ◽  
Yilin Zhen ◽  
Qi Yuan ◽  
Qi Wu
Keyword(s):  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Local Binary Pattern ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Combined Feature

The feature extraction and classification of brain signal is very significant in brain–computer interface (BCI). In this study, we describe an algorithm for motor imagery (MI) classification of electrocorticogram (ECoG)-based BCI. The proposed approach employs multi-resolution fractal measures and local binary pattern (LBP) operators to form a combined feature for characterizing an ECoG epoch recording from the right hemisphere of the brain. A classifier is trained by using the gradient boosting in conjunction with ordinary least squares (OLS) method. The fractal intercept, lacunarity and LBP features are extracted to classify imagined movements of either the left small finger or the tongue. Experimental results on dataset I of BCI competition III demonstrate the superior performance of our method. The cross-validation accuracy and accuracy is 90.6% and 95%, respectively. Furthermore, the low computational burden of this method makes it a promising candidate for real-time BCI systems.

Temporo-parietal Junction Activity in Theory-of-Mind Tasks: Falseness, Beliefs, or Attention

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1179-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Aichhorn ◽  
Josef Perner ◽  
Benjamin Weiss ◽  
Martin Kronbichler ◽  
Wolfgang Staffen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
True Belief ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
False Belief ◽  
Test Question ◽  
Teleological Reasoning ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right

By combining the false belief (FB) and photo (PH) vignettes to identify theory-of-mind areas with the false sign (FS) vignettes, we re-establish the functional asymmetry between the left and right temporo-parietal junction (TPJ). The right TPJ (TPJ-R) is specially sensitive to processing belief information, whereas the left TPJ (TPJ-L) is equally responsible for FBs as well as FSs. Measuring BOLD at two time points in each vignette, at the time the FB-inducing information (or lack of information) is presented and at the time the test question is processed, made clear that the FB is processed spontaneously as soon as the relevant information is presented and not on demand for answering the question in contrast to extant behavioral data. Finally, a fourth, true belief vignette (TB) required teleological reasoning, that is, prediction of a rational action without any doubts being raised about the adequacy of the actor's information about reality. Activation by this vignette supported claims that the TPJ-R is activated by TBs as well as FBs.

scholarly journals Rational Approximation Method for Stiff Initial Value Problems

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 3185
Author(s):  
Artur Karimov ◽  
Denis Butusov ◽  
Valery Andreev  ◽  
Erivelton G. Nepomuceno
Keyword(s):  
Rational Approximation ◽  
Taylor Series ◽  
Approximation Method ◽  
Stiff Problems ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Series Method ◽  
Accuracy Order ◽  
Taylor Series Method ◽  
Runge Kutta ◽  
The Right

While purely numerical methods for solving ordinary differential equations (ODE), e.g., Runge–Kutta methods, are easy to implement, solvers that utilize analytical derivations of the right-hand side of the ODE, such as the Taylor series method, outperform them in many cases. Nevertheless, the Taylor series method is not well-suited for stiff problems since it is explicit and not A-stable. In our paper, we present a numerical-analytical method based on the rational approximation of the ODE solution, which is naturally A- and A(α)-stable. We describe the rational approximation method and consider issues of order, stability, and adaptive step control. Finally, through examples, we prove the superior performance of the rational approximation method when solving highly stiff problems, comparing it with the Taylor series and Runge–Kutta methods of the same accuracy order.

scholarly journals Legal Education and Upbringing of Order

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Joniada Musaraj
Keyword(s):  
Legal Education ◽  
Scientific Paper ◽  
The Public ◽  
Legal Literacy ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Individual Consciousness ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

A great importance to a democratic society is the creation of legal literacy education on rule. Such a breeding seems to be primarily present in the consciousness of every citizen. The principles of a democratic state should be installed, first to society. These principles embodied in the individual consciousness in the form of legal and institutional consciousness. Moreover every man should know that c `demands of an institution, and should make it impossible to solve the institutional and democratic way, even when he finds the office door closed, even by officials when a problem exists as insoluble. An individual should not be equated with the passivity that is generally characterized by officials, but must use every means to protect the right and dignity. Methodology: First, quantitative analysis was used to see why the number of citizens dissatisfied with the exercise of their rights is increasing. Secondly, qualitative analysis was used by analyzing the social and objective causes that lead to a lack of legal education of the public. Expected results: the consequent link between the lack of information on the law and non-exercise of the right. This scientific paper seeks to give concretely what are some of the strategies that should be used to have a well-informed public and satisfied with the exercise of law.

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