scholarly journals Morbidity, its Patterns and Associated Factors among School Children Residing in a North Indian City

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. OR7-OR9
Author(s):  
Sebastian Christian ◽  
Manasvi Duggal ◽  
Shalini Dehal
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
School Children ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Childhood Diseases ◽  
Pearson’S Correlation ◽  
Pearson's Correlation ◽  
And Gender

INTRODUCTION: Children are the pillars of the future of a country shall rest, are no less than a treasure and need to be as healthy as possible. AIM: To assess the health status of school children in various areas of Una city, Himachal Pradesh, India. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The present study was conducted among school children aged 7-18 present on the day of the study. Data collected was cross-sectionally using a pre-validated and pre-tested questionnaire duly standardized prior to commencement of the study. The first section of the questionnaire contained details about the demographic profile, and in the second, the examiners recorded the presence or absence of common childhood diseases, namely pallor, lymphadenopathy (L.N.), Bitot spots, Worm infections, Scabies, Ear discharge, Dental caries and Fluorosis.  Statistical analysis included the Shapiro-wilk test to check for data normalcy, followed by descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation. Significance value (p) was kept significant at ≤0.5. RESULTS: Most children belonged to the age group of 12-15 years (42.8%), followed by 7-11 years(34.3%) and 16-18 years(22.9%). Majority of the students were girls (61.5%) and most them belonged to the age group of 12-15 years(41.0%). Disease in any from was observed in 813 (76.2%)  of the children, with the most prevalent disease observed being dental caries (32.3%), followed by fluorosis (20.5%) and pallor (14.3%). Pearson’s correlation revealed a strong, positive association between the disease status and age (0.7) and gender (0.8). CONCLUSION: The results of the present study indicate the need to have various specific programmes to reduce the burden of various diseases, namely dental caries and pallor among school children through efforts of various programmes.

scholarly journals Dental subscale of children′s fear survey schedule and dental caries prevalence

2013 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beena J. P.
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
School Children ◽  
Dental Fear ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Caries Prevalence ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Fear Survey Schedule

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the level of fear of dental procedures among 6-12 year school children and correlate the prevalence of dental caries with their dental fears scores. Materials and Methods: The study sample of 444 school children, comprising of 224 girls and 220 boys in the age group of 6-12 years old from a private English medium school were selected. Each student was asked to independently complete a Children′s Fear Survey Schedule - Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) questionnaire. Children having a score of ≥ 38 were included in the ′′dental fear′′ group while those scoring <38 were placed in the ′′without dental fear′′ group. All dental examinations were performed in the classroom. Results: Fear scores were highest for ′′Injections,′′ (3.76 ± 0.68) ′′Choking,′′ (3.48 ± 0.63) and ′′Dentist drilling′′ (2.88 ± 0.69). The overall mean score of CFSS-DS in our study was 37.0 ± 8.89, mean score of DMFT and DMFS were 0.58 ± 0.74 and 0.73 ± 1.09, respectively. Mean score of deft and defs were 4.40 ± 2.34 and 7.28 ± 5.49, respectively. Conclusion: The study showed the prevalence of dental fear in 6-12 year old children and there was no statistically significant co-relation between the level of dental fear and dental caries in these children.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Impact of Happiness on Academic Performance among Medical Students of Rawalpindi Medical University, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tayyab Mumtaz Khan ◽  
Sana Mansoor ◽  
Munazzah Kaleem ◽  
Muhammad Shahid Zafar ◽  
Anisa Shoail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Female Students ◽  
P Value ◽  
Pearson’S Correlation ◽  
Pearson's Correlation ◽  
Strong Positive Association ◽  
Medical University

Happiness is a collection of various kinds of emotions including positive and negative because of satisfaction in life. Happiness affects almost every aspect of life, however, among students, its most important impact is on their academic performance. Academic performance is positively affected by happiness and subsequently their performance as a physician. Therefore, our current study is set to assess the impact of happiness on academic performance among final-year medical students of Rawalpindi Medical University Pakistan. This may provide us a new way to bring improvement in academic performance of medical students. This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among final-year medical students of Rawalpindi Medical University in January 2020. Collection of data was accomplished with the help of two questionnaires including Oxford Happiness Questionnaire for happiness assessment and self-structured questionnaire which was developed to obtain required data about demographic details and marks in last professional examination. Students who had diagnosed any physical and mental illness were excluded. From total of 223 students who were enrolled at the beginning of study, only 186 returned correctly filled questionnaires so final sample size became 186. Data analysis was completed through SPSS v.25.0. Different statistical tests including Independent sample t-test, Chi-square test, Pearson’s correlation, and linear regression were used to assess the study variables. Statistically significant and strong positive association was noted between happiness and academic performance of students (p = 0.000). To evaluate the direction and strength of association between happiness and academic performance, Pearson’s correlation coefficient was calculated, and it was 0.809 with p-value 0.000). Difference in happiness score between male students and female students (p=0.015) and between boarder students and non-boarder students (p=0.000) was statistically significant. Likewise, the difference in academic performance that was assessed through marks in last professional examination was also statistically significant between male student and female students (p=0.001) and between boarder students and non-boarder students (p=0.000) was also statistically significant. With p-value of 0.000 for F test, simple linear regression model was valid. Value of unstandardized regression Coefficient (B) was 61.40. R² was 0.655 (65.5%). Our study overall shows higher happiness score and better academic performance among female and non-boarder students relative to male and boarder students. This current study also indicates statistically significant and strong positive association between happiness and academic performance, which means that increase in happiness increases the academic performance of students and vice versa. So, with the implementation of appropriate measures for the increase in happiness we can bring enhancement in academic performance of medical students.

scholarly journals Prevalence of health problems in suburban schools in Chennai, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Haritha S. Kumar ◽  
Sekar Pasupathy ◽  
Balaji Chinnasami ◽  
Balaji Ramraj
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
School Children ◽  
School Health ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Health Screening ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Suburban Schools ◽  
Growth Charts ◽  
Age Group

Background: School health programmes help in early detection of health problems but the literature about its effectiveness in India is sparse. Hence, this study was undertaken. The aim of the present study is to measure the weight, height and BMI in school children and to interpret it using the IAP growth charts, to estimate the prevalence of stunting, undernutrition, overweight, obesity, refractory errors, hearing impairment and dental caries in children and to compare the prevalence of above parameters among gender and age.Methods: This is a cross sectional study, conducted between January to March 2017 in 3 suburban schools in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. A total of 631 children in the age group of 6-18 years were screened by an expert team. Weight and height was measured using standard equipments, BMI was calculated and plotted on IAP growth charts. Vision was tested using Snellen chart by an optometrist. Dental evaluation was done by a dentist and hearing screening done by an audiologist using puretone audiometry. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-square test, P value of <0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Out of 631 children, 344 were boys and 287 were girls. 507 children belonged to the primary age group (6-12 years) and 124 children belonged to the secondary age group (12-18 years). The prevalence of stunting was 0.7% and was gradually decreasing with increasing age. The overall prevalence of thinness, overweight and obesity was 10.1%, 1.5% and 7.1% respectively. Underweight was more common among the primary age group whereas obesity was more commonly seen in secondary age group. The prevalence of weight abnormalities in both the age groups and sexes were statistically significant. 19% children had visual defects and the prevalence was more in older children. Dental caries was more commonly seen in primary dentition and the prevalence was 18.9%. Due to lack of ambient conditions, only severe hearing impairment was detected. 5 (0.8%) children had severe hearing impairment. Conclusions: The burden of health problems like malnourishment, refractory errors, dental caries and hearing impairment are high in school children. With the results of the present study, we can conclude that there is a need for implementation of school health screening programmes to detect these health problems at an early stage. To bring a significant change in the community, a dedicated national school health screening program is needed

scholarly journals Body mass index profile among school children: an anthropometric study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 3820
Author(s):  
S. Mahalakshmi ◽  
M. J. Abirami
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
School Children ◽  
Well Being ◽  
National Standards ◽  
National Standard ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender

Background: The study aimed to analyse the trends in the growth pattern of the children in the age group of 3-21 years of both boys and girls using body mass index (BMI). The study also compared the BMI of the sample with the WHO norms and the group average.Methods: A study was conducted in India covering 1728 children 849 boys and 879 girls from LKG grade to +2 grades in the age group of 3-21 years. BMI grades were computed as per WHO 2006 standards (underweight- <18.50, normal- 18.50-24.99, overweight- >25.00 and obese- >30.00). Results were analyzed using percentage and ANOVA.Results: The data shows that 88.9% of children in the age group of 3-8 years are underweight and in 15-21 years of age children are relatively healthy, but are inclined to move to overweight (17.66%) and obesity (7.21%). More of boys (31%) tend to be underweight than girls. Age and gender were found to be significantly related to BMI. The average BMI of the sample group is above the national standards of WHO (World Health Organization) in all the three age groups. Boys are found to be on par with WHO norms while girls exceed the same. Majority of the sample were below the average denoting underweight.Conclusions: Age and gender was significantly related with BMI. Average BMI of the sample was on par with national standard of WHO. BMI was thus found to be an effective tool for predicting the well-being of school children.

scholarly journals Assessment of Vitamin B12 and Its Correlation with Dental Caries and Gingival Diseases in 10- to 14-year-old Children: A Cross-sectional Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laresh Mistry ◽  
Neha S Dhariwal ◽  
Andleeb Majeed ◽  
Chandrashekhar Badakar
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oral Examination ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pearson’S Correlation ◽  
Gingival Diseases ◽  
Pearson's Correlation

ABSTRACT Aim To assess the level of vitamin B12 and correlate it with dental caries [decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) score] and gingival diseases [plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI)]. Design Healthy children according to the inclusion criteria were selected by the computerized randomization method from a school to assess the vitamin B12 levels using Centaur/Versace machine. Materials and methods Blood samples were collected to assess vitamin B12 levels using automated analyzer. Oral examination was done by a single calibrated dentist. A thorough oral examination was carried out and the DMFT, PI, and GI scores of all the children were recorded and assessed. Data were analyzed using Karl Pearson's correlation test. Results Vitamin B12 levels were deficient in 64% of the children. In boys, vitamin B12 deficiency was found in about 76.2%, whereas, in girls it was 57.1%, which was not statistically significant. The vitamin B12 deficient children showed a significantly high DMFT scores than the children with normal vitamin B12 levels. The Pearson's correlation was –0.614 for DMFT, PI value –0.663, and GI value of –0.477. The negative correlation stated that there was a reverse relation between these indices and vitamin B12. Conclusion In children with systemic vitamin B12 deficiency, there is increased dental caries prevalence and associated gingival problems. How to cite this article Hugar SM, Dhariwal NS, Majeed A, Badakar C, Gokhale N, Mistry L. Assessment of Vitamin B12 and Its Correlation with Dental Caries and Gingival Diseases in 10- to 14-year-old Children: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):142-146.

scholarly journals Effects of age and gender on gait characteristics using a wearable foot inertial-sensor device assessment

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011417S0000
Author(s):  
Chayanin Angthong
Keyword(s):  
Walking Speed ◽  
Inertial Sensor ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Pearson’S Correlation ◽  
Gait Characteristics ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Pearson's Correlation ◽  
And Gender

Category: Gait studies Introduction/Purpose: This study is to determine the effects of age and gender on the gait characteristics using a wearable foot inertial-sensor assessment in the patients with foot and ankle conditions. Methods: There were 53 patients with foot and ankle-related conditions (38 females and 15 males, mean age: 51.4 (±14.0) years) who were collected for this study. For all patients, the clinical assessments, including the evaluations with validated patient- reported outcome using visual analogue scale foot and ankle (VAS-FA) score and health-related quality of life using validated Short Form-36 (SF-36), diagnoses, and gait characteristics assessment using a wearable foot device with the Micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) inertial-sensor technology during patients’ walking trial for a distance of 10-meter at their self-selected speed. This device captures the gait parameters as distance walked, step counts or length, cadence, and walking speed. Foot Pod output can be wireless synced to a compatible smartphone or tablet. Pearson’s correlation coefficient r or Analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were used to express the correlation between age and gait parameters or to compare the parameters between male and female groups. Results: There were insignificantly negative Pearson’s correlation coefficients r between age and walking speed or between age and cadence (P>0.05). Male patients had significantly higher maximum walking speed (P=0.015) and step length than female patients (P=0.011). Conclusion: In contrary to the previous study, the present study demonstrated that higher age had no effect on the reduction of walking speed. However, the effects of gender on gait characteristics were proved as higher maximum walking speed and step length in men.

scholarly journals Dental Caries in Norwegian Children during and after the Last World War. A Preliminary Report

1949 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guttorm Toverud
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
School Children ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Age Group ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
Natural Foods ◽  
Refined Carbohydrates ◽  
Different Parts

A preliminary report is submitted on the occurrence of dental caries in Norwegian children, during and after the World War. Dental examinations of 8,000 to 9,000 school children from different parts of Norway have been carried out each year from 1940 to 1948. It is concluded from the statistical results of the investigation that the caries frequency decreased steadily from year to year during the war. The reduction in the number of carious tooth surfaces per child from the beginning of the war to the lowest number some time after the war ended amounts to 50 to 75%. A study has also been undertaken on 600 to 700 children, 2½ to 7 years old. The results in this younger group show even a greater reduction. In both groups the decrease is statistically significant. From 1946 the caries frequency has increased again in the school children as well as in the pre-school children. In both groups the increase is statistically significant. The turn of the caries curve after the war differs according to the age-group. The cause of the decrease in caries frequency during the war and the cause of the increase after the war is discussed. Based on the rationing of the various food articles our tentative conclusion is that the decrease may be attributed to the lowering in consumption of refined carbohydrates and the increase in consumption of more natural foods, i.e. protective foods. This may have resulted in an increased resistance of the teeth and a reduction in the local factors which produce decay. More detailed studies of the change in caries frequency as well as of the change in food consumption and habit of living during and after the war are necessary before a definite conclusion can be drawn. Such studies are being continued.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Dental Caries in 5 – 6 Years and 12 – 13 Years Age Group of School Children of Kathmandu Valley

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (184) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Subedi ◽  
P Shakya ◽  
U KC ◽  
M Janawali ◽  
BD Paudyal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
School Children ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Proportional Allocation ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Health Organization

Introduction: Dental caries is one of the most common conditions affecting the general health of children. The present study was carried out among school children of Kathmandu valley to determine the prevalence of dental caries in two age groups. Methods: The study was conducted from December 2007 to May 2008. The age of the school children of the study was divided into two group: 5 - 6 years and 12 - 13 years. A stratifi ed cluster sampling with proportional allocation was used while grouping the subjects. The dental status examination was done with the help of trained dentists. Decayed, missed and fi lled teeth index and decayed, missed and fi lled surfaces index (dmft for primary dentition and DMFT for permanent dentition) were used as the standard tools for the determination of prevalence. Results: A total of 638 students (325 of age group 12 - 13 years and 313 of age group 5 - 6 years) from 30 different schools of the Kathmandu valley were included in the study. The caries status was found higher in the age group of 5 - 6 years than in the 12 - 13 years and it was found to be statistically signifi cant (p < 0.001). The dmfs and caries percentage of the age group 5 - 6 years and the DMFS and caries percent of the 12 - 13 years was found to be 3.79, 69 % and 1.6, 53.23 % respectively. The dmft/dmfs value was found to be signifi cant according to the districts in the 5 - 6 years age group whereas the DMFS was found statistically signifi cant among the sexes of the 12 - 13 years age group. Conclusions: The caries percentage was found to be above the recommended level of the World Health Organization. However, the DMFS and DMFT values were within the WHO level. Keywords: Children, dental caries, DMF index.

scholarly journals Effect of Orthodontic Treatment in Occurrence of Dental Caries

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Sandhya Shrestha ◽  
Lipika Shrestha ◽  
Namita Shrestha ◽  
Rabindra M Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fixed Appliance ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
And Gender

Introduction: Attaining improved aesthetics and proper occlusion are main reasons for commencing orthodontic treatment in any patient. However it is anticipated that orthodontic treatment increases the risk of carious lesions. Objective: To analyze prevalence of dental caries in relation to gender, age group, duration of orthodontic treatment and malocclusion type; and to assess oral hygiene and food habit practice in Nepalese orthodontic patients. Materials & Method: A cross sectional study was done in 212 orthodontic patients (age range 11-30 years) having fixed appliance for at least six months duration. A survey form based on ‘Dentition Status & Treatment Need, WHO’ was used to depict DMFT Index and prevalence of dental caries. A questionnaire was used to assess the practice of oral hygiene measures and food habits of the orthodontic patients. The association between dental caries and gender, age group, duration of orthodontic treatment and malocclusion type were analyzed using chi-square test (p<0.05). Result: The prevalence of dental caries (DMFT) was 79.2% and mean DMFT value was 2.87 among Nepalese orthodontic patients. Occurrence of dental caries among male and female patients was 69.44% and 60% respectively. Caries occurrence was highest in age group 16-20 years (72.22%), in more than 18 months treatment duration group (63.92%) and in Class I malocclusion group (68.38%). Similarly, 30.2% consume sweets foodstuff, 26.9% consume junk food and 14.2% consume snacks in between meals frequently. Conclusion: Fairly good proportion of Nepalese orthodontic patients practice normal oral hygiene methods but very few use special oral hygiene measures. The study showed no association between dental caries occurrence and gender groups, age groups, duration of orthodontic treatment and malocclusion types. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v3i1.9279 Orthodontic Journal of Nepal, Vol.3, No.1, 2013: 31-36

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