scholarly journals Implications of Urban Law on Urban Renewal Projects in the Historical Center of Lima

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Liz Isidro Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Urban Renewal ◽  
Renewal Process ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Historic Center ◽  
Regulatory Instruments ◽  
Collective Housing

The Historic Center of Lima currently shows signs of urban deterioration as a result of the processes of exclusion and spatial segregation that have characterized the intense urban growth of the city of Lima. In the face of this urban deterioration, urban renewal processes are an instrument of transformation that acts as surgery for the recovery and reintegration of deteriorated central areas into the functioning of the current city. As a general, urban law regulates urban problems resulting from the transformation of urban lands, including the deterioration of central areas. In particular, actions in traditional central areas have regulations for the protection of cultural heritage. Therefore, the execution of the urban renewal process requires different regulatory instruments to plan and manage the renewal process, which defines its scope.  In this sense, the present research has been proposed to address the implementation process of three urban renewal projects in collective housing located in the Historic Center of Lima; "Casa de las Columnas", the "Conjunto de Vivienda La Muralla" and the "Proyecto Piloto Martinete", to identify the effectiveness of the scope of the legal framework of urban renewal, as well as the procedures of intervention in historic centers and monumental areas. Focus on the analysis of the public administration's management, execution, and control activities in the land transformation process of deteriorated traditional urban areas. The article consists of the following parts. First, some conceptual considerations on urban renewal and its relationship with urban law are presented. The next section provides an overview of the state of the regulatory framework for urban renewal in Peru, which is key to contextualize the analysis of the case studies. The third part presents the study methodology and the limitations of the study. The fourth part presents the case studies and develops the scope of the legal framework of urban renewal in the case studies. Finally, some final reflections and conclusions are presented that establish the important elements that should be considered in the legal framework of urban renewal.

scholarly journals The system of green surfaces in spas with special reference to the case studies: Vrnjacka, Kanjiza and Pribojska SPA

Spatium ◽  
2008 ◽  
pp. 92-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tijana Crncevic ◽  
Olgica Bakic
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Efficient Management

Taking into consideration the significance of the vegetation in urban areas the paper analyses current and attached regulations in Serbia relevant for planning and preserving of the system of green surfaces, with special reference to the spas. Referring to the results, it is pointed out the limitations of the current legal framework. Also, the existing planning documents for Vrnjacka, Pribojska and Kanjiza spa are analyzed. Referring to the obtained results, the recommendations are formulized with special reference to the system of green surfaces in spas. They stand for harmonization and improvement of the existing law regulations for the system of green surfaces and also for providing corresponding legal and other mechanisms, where financial support for the plan realization and efficient management is included. .

DETECTING HIDDEN FAULTS IN URBAN AREAS: CASE STUDIES AND METHODOLOGIES

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda R. Hultz ◽  
◽  
Kerri M. Gefeke ◽  
Kerri M. Gefeke ◽  
Elana Balch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Urban Areas

scholarly journals Mapping 20 Years of Urban Expansion in 45 Urban Areas of Sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 525
Author(s):  
Yann Forget ◽  
Michal Shimoni ◽  
Marius Gilbert ◽  
Catherine Linard
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Urban Dynamics ◽  
Mapping Approach ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

By 2050, half of the net increase in the world’s population is expected to reside in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), driving high urbanization rates and drastic land cover changes. However, the data-scarce environment of SSA limits our understanding of the urban dynamics in the region. In this context, Earth Observation (EO) is an opportunity to gather accurate and up-to-date spatial information on urban extents. During the last decade, the adoption of open-access policies by major EO programs (CBERS, Landsat, Sentinel) has allowed the production of several global high resolution (10–30 m) maps of human settlements. However, mapping accuracies in SSA are usually lower, limited by the lack of reference datasets to support the training and the validation of the classification models. Here we propose a mapping approach based on multi-sensor satellite imagery (Landsat, Sentinel-1, Envisat, ERS) and volunteered geographic information (OpenStreetMap) to solve the challenges of urban remote sensing in SSA. The proposed mapping approach is assessed in 17 case studies for an average F1-score of 0.93, and applied in 45 urban areas of SSA to produce a dataset of urban expansion from 1995 to 2015. Across the case studies, built-up areas averaged a compound annual growth rate of 5.5% between 1995 and 2015. The comparison with local population dynamics reveals the heterogeneity of urban dynamics in SSA. Overall, population densities in built-up areas are decreasing. However, the impact of population growth on urban expansion differs depending on the size of the urban area and its income class.

scholarly journals Cost of groundwater protection: major groundwater basin protection zones in Poland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Krogulec ◽  
Jacek Gurwin ◽  
Mirosław Wąsik
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Groundwater Protection ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Protection Zones ◽  
Groundwater Basins ◽  
The Cost

AbstractThis paper describes the complex hydrogeological, legal framework and socioeconomic costs of the groundwater protection in major groundwater basins (MGBs) in Poland in accordance with European directives. The hydrogeological criteria developed in Poland for establishing MGBs and the principles of their protection provide more details to the directives that are in force in Europe, which define the general principles for groundwater protection. The procedure of establishing MGB protection zones is connected with a change in local plans and land development and requires an analysis of the cost–benefit relationship in the sphere of social economy in the sector of public economics. The cost assessment was performed on the basis of data from hydrogeological documentations, and the aggregation of subareas to which the same existing and planned development can be attributed. A legal analysis of bans, orders and restrictions together with the identification of the risk of claims in specific hydrogeological and development conditions was a fundamental issue of research. These costs depend on the acreage and land use of the protected area. The unit costs of MGB protection, calculated per 1 km2 of the protection area, for six sample basins were estimated at €120 to €208,000/2 years/1 km2. The highest costs are generated by establishing protection in urban areas, while the lowest costs are generated in forest areas.

Urban–Rural Dichotomy in Planning: Review of Legal Framework in Four States of India

2021 ◽  
pp. 001955612110016
Author(s):  
Anurima Mukherjee Basu ◽  
Rutool Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Quantum Jump ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Territorial Approach ◽  
Sizeable Number

Current urbanisation trends in India show a quantum jump in number of ‘census towns’, which are not statutorily declared as urban areas, but have acquired all characteristics of urban settlements. Sizeable number of such census towns are not located near any Class 1 city. Lack of proper and timely planning has led to unplanned growth of these settlements. This article is based on a review of planning legislations, institutional framework and planning process of four states in India. The present article analyses the scope and limitations of the planning process adopted in the rapidly urbanising rural areas of these states. The findings reveal that states are still following a conventional approach to planning that treats ‘urban’ and ‘rural’ as separate categories and highlights the need for adopting an integrated territorial approach to planning of settlements.

European cities facing climate change: water management issue

BUILDER ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (7) ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
Sebastian Dziedzic ◽  
Agata Twardoch
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Management ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Management Issue ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Integrated Approaches

The article provides an overview of spatial and legal solutions related to the issue of water management in cities in the context of climate change. The aim of the research is to identify the main differences between the traditional and integrated approaches to water-related infrastructure based on case studies of European Cities at different scales. Gathering, ordering and comparing adequate solutions will allow to establish guidelines for the development of Polish cities and point out directions for architects and urban planners designing urban spaces. The comparison of good examples with theory would make it possible to verify whether practise corresponds with theory, and whether it can actually - through the synergy of measures – bring new quality to urban areas.

scholarly journals On Transforming Unused Urban Spaces to Social Housing for Self-Employed People in Ho Chi Minh City: An Architectural Space Design Proposal

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 12175
Author(s):  
Le-Minh Ngo ◽  
Hai-Binh Nguyen ◽  
Thi-Phuong Uyen Nguyen ◽  
Thi-Minh Dieu Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Property Market

As with many metropolitan areas, social housing (SH) provision, which can improve living standards and social welfare, is crucial for urban socio-economic development strategies in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). However, there have been issues relating to promoting social housing in the Vietnamese context resulting from the property market and the design. The former is a failure to attract investors. The latter relates to lacking housing models for the mid- and low-income communities. Currently, many low-income families who have low access to the general job market in HCMC have to make a living by running their own business at home. This situation leads to low-income housing establishments in some residential areas. Thus, the planning approach in social housing needs to solve both the demand for low-cost housing and promoting self-employed activities. In this paper, mixed methods, including observation, questionnaires, interviews, data aggregation, and comparison, were conducted with supporting legal conditions and corresponding operating conditions to propose appropriate designs for the SH for self-employed people in HCMC. First, observing and analyzing urban spaces helped identify the unused urban areas that solve the investment issue. Then, after studying the development of social housing in different contexts via the questionnaire and in-depth interviews, self-employed households’ basic information and their business needs in using SH spaces were identified in some districts. Then, based on the legal framework and practical projects, optimal space designs were formed.

scholarly journals Geoinformation approach to the urban geographic system research (case studies of Kharkiv region)

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
System Research ◽  
Automated Feature Extraction

Research problem introduction. The main research goal of this paper is to provide the urban geosystem research concept with both the theoretical basics presentation of GIS involvement in urban studies, and with examples of its practical applications. An urbogeosystem (UGS) has been presented not as a simple aggregate of cities, but as the emergent entity that produced complicated interconnections and interdependencies among its constituents. By the urbogeosystem concept the authors attempt to introduce a reliable research approach that has been deliberately developed to identify the nature and spatial peculiarities of the urbanization process in a given area. The exigency of this concept elaboration is listed by the number of needs and illustrated with ordinary 2D digital city cadaster limitations. The methodological background has been proposed, and its derivative applied solutions meet the number of necessities for more efficient urban mapping, city understanding, and municipal mana-gement. The geoinformation concept of the urban geographic system research. External and internal urbogeosystems. The authors explain why an UGS can be formalized as three major components: an aggregate of point features, a set of lines, an aggregate of areal features. The external UGS represents a set of cities, the internal one – a set of delineated areas within one urban territory. Algorithmic sequence of the urbogeosystem study with a GIS. The authors introduce algorithmic sequence of research provision with GIS, in which the LiDAR data processing block has been examined in the details with the procedure of the automated feature extraction explanation. Relevant software user interface sample of the visualization of the urban modeled feature attributes is provided. A case study of the external urbogeosystem. The regional case study of the external urbogeosystem modeling is introduced with GIS MapInfo Professional. The authors present the spatial econometric analysis for commuting study directed to a regional workforce market. The results of the external UGS research mainly correspond to some published social economic regularities in the area, but nonetheless it also demonstrates significant deviations that may be explained by this system’s emergent properties. Case studies of the internal urbogeosystem of Kharkiv-City. Two case studies of the internal urbogeosystem of Kharkiv City have been demonstrated, too. In the first one, automated feature extraction provided by the authors’ original software from LiDAR data has been applied for modeling this UGS content throughout a densely built-up urban parcel. In another case the GIS-analysis of the urbogeosystem functional impact on the catering services spatial distribution has been provided with the ArcGIS software. Results and conclusion. Summarizing all primary and derivative data processed with this technique as well as generalizing key ideas discussed in the text, the authors underline this whole methodological approach as such that can be considered as a general outlining showing how to use geoinformation software for the analysis of urban areas. Concluding their research, the authors emphasize that the urbogeosystem concept may be quite useful for visualization and different analysis applied for urban areas, including city planning, facility and other municipal management methods. The short list of the obtained results has been provided at the end of the text.

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