scholarly journals Anti-bacterial activity of three essential oils - An in vitro study

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1049-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geetha RV ◽  
John Rozar Raj B ◽  
Lakshmi Thangavelu
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Thyme Oil ◽  
Rosemary Oil

To conduct a study regarding the antibacterial activity of essential oils against bacteria causing Caries. Essential oils are distillates of the volatile compounds of a plant’s secondary metabolism and may act as photoprotective agents. Their curative effect has been known since antiquity. It is based on a variety of pharmacological properties which are specific for each plant species. The mouth contains a variety of oral bacteria, but only a few species of bacteria are believed to cause dental caries. Antibacterial activity of the three essential oils, Rosemary oil, Holy basil oil, Thyme oil was screened against Streptococcus mutans, using disc diffusion technique. The rosemary oil was more effective against Streptococcus mutans with a zone of inhibition of 52 mm diameter (at concentration 200 µl), Rosemary oil showed a zone of inhibition of 44 mm diameter and with thyme oil, the zone diameter was 30 mm. The results of this study showed that the essential oils at different concentrations exhibited antibacterial activity against the bacterial species tested.

scholarly journals Determining the Antibacterial Activity of Chlorhexidine Mouthwashes with and without Alcohol against Common Oral Pathogens

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 15-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepideh Bahlouli ◽  
Zahra Aghazadeh ◽  
Marzieh Aghazadeh ◽  
Sevda Shojani ◽  
Hossein Samadi Kafil
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Oral Microbes

Aims and Objectives Mouthwashes with antibacterial activity inhibit the growth of bacteria in the mouth and teeth. Chlorhexidine is one of the most widely used mouthwashes that inhibits dental plaque and prevents tooth surface decay. Recently, concerns have been raised that alcohol-containing mouthwashes may have carcinogenic properties and may be harmful to children and pregnant and lactating women. The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial effects of chlorhexidine mouthwashes with and without alcohol on common oral bacteria. Material and Methods In this in vitro study, bacterial species were purchased from a research center and were cultured separately in proprietary environments in test tubes. Thereafter, mouthwashes with alcohol, without alcohol, and with salt water (saline) were added to test tubes containing the bacteria grown. The samples were then analyzed using a spectrophotometer to determine viability, growth rate, and bacteria waste. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS version 17 through analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey statistical tests. Results The obtained results showed that the saline group had the highest antibacterial activity and that the average antibacterial activity of the alcohol and alcohol-free groups did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). Post hoc test results showed that the antibacterial activity of the saline group was significantly different statistically from that of the other two groups. Conclusion On the basis of the results, it can be concluded that both alcohol-free chlorhexidine and alcohol-containing chlorhexidine are effective in removing oral microbes. Moreover, by using alcohol-free chlorhexidine, the harmful effects of alcohol can be prevented.

Development of a Cavity Disinfectant Containing Antibacterial Monomer MDPB

2016 ◽  
Vol 95 (13) ◽  
pp. 1487-1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hirose ◽  
R. Kitagawa ◽  
H. Kitagawa ◽  
H. Maezono ◽  
A. Mine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Resin Cement ◽  
Resin Cements ◽  
Adhesive Resin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adhesive Resin Cement

An experimental cavity disinfectant (ACC) that is intended to be used for various direct and indirect restorations was prepared by adding an antibacterial monomer 12-methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinum bromide (MDPB) at 5% into 80% ethanol. The antibacterial effectiveness of ACC and its influences on the bonding abilities of resin cements were investigated. To examine the antibacterial activity of unpolymerized MDPB, the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) were determined for Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei, Actinomyces naeslundii, Parvimonas micra, Enterococcus faecalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Antibacterial activities of ACC and the commercial cavity disinfectant containing 2% chlorhexidine and ethanol (CPS) were evaluated by agar disk diffusion tests through 7 bacterial species and by MIC and MBC measurement for S. mutans. The effects of ACC and CPS to kill bacteria in dentinal tubules were compared with an S. mutans–infected dentin model. Shear bond strength tests were used to examine the influences of ACC on the dentin-bonding abilities of a self-adhesive resin cement and a dual-cure resin cement used with a primer. Unpolymerized MDPB showed strong antibacterial activity against 7 oral bacteria. ACC produced inhibition zones against all bacterial species similar to CPS. For ACC and CPS, the MIC value for S. mutans was identical, and the MBC was similar with only a 1-step dilution difference (1:2). Treatment of infected dentin with ACC resulted in significantly greater bactericidal effects than CPS ( P < 0.05, analysis of variance and Tukey’s honest significant difference test). ACC showed no negative influences on the bonding abilities to dentin for both resin cements, while CPS reduced the bond strength of the self-adhesive resin cement ( P < 0.05). This study clarified that the experimental cavity disinfectant containing 5% MDPB is more effective in vitro than the commercially available chlorhexidine solution to eradicate bacteria in dentin, without causing any adverse influences on the bonding abilities of resinous luting cements.

scholarly journals Analisa Aktivitas Antibakteri Rebusan Daun Sirih Dengan Rebusan Daun Kemangi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Streptococcus mutans

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
ENNY WILLIANTI ◽  
THEODORA THEODORA ◽  
WAHYUNI DYAH PARMASARI
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Oral Flora ◽  
Betel Leaf ◽  
Growth Of Bacteria

<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong><strong></strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Background</strong>: Betel leaf contains essential oils consisting of bethelphenol, kavikol, sesquiterpenes, hydroxycavikol, cavibetol, estragol, eugenol and carvacrol. Essential oils are antibacterial due to the presence of phenol compounds and their derivatives that can denature the bacterial cell proteins. Basil leaves contain compounds from essential oils, namely 1,8-cineole, ß-bisabolene, and methyl eugenol. These three ingredients are soluble to ethanol and can cause damage to the cell membranes of the Streptococcus mutans bacteria, which are members of the normal oral flora but can turn into pathogens if the balance of normal flora is disturbed. The aim of this study was to determine the difference in the activity of the antibacterial  of decoction betel leaf (piper betle L. ) with a decoction of basil leaves (ocimum sanctum) against growth of bacteria <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> (in vitro study).</p><p><strong>M</strong><strong>ethod:</strong> this observational research with disk diffusion techniques. This study observed and measured the diameter of the inhibitory zone in MHA formed by decoction of betel leaf (piper betle L) and basil leaf (ocimum sanctum) in units of millimeters (mm). There were 2 groups with 16 replications.</p><p><strong>R</strong><strong>esults</strong>: the results of the description test showed that the antibacterial activity of the betel leaf decoction and the highest decoction of basil leaf was 17 mm and the lowest was 15 mm, but the average antibacterial value of betel leaf decoction (15,81) greater than the average value of antibacterial activity of basil leaf (15.75). This is because there are chemicals contained in betel leaf similar as contained in basil leaf, namely essential oils.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: there is no difference in the antibacterial activity of decoction  betel leaf with decoction basil leaf against growth of bacteria <em>Streptococcus mutans</em>.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Betel leaf decoction, basil leaf  decoction, Streptococcus <strong>mutans.      </strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong><strong></strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Latar Belakang</strong>: Daun sirih mengandung minyak atsiri yang terdiri dari <em>bethelphenol, kavikol, </em>seskuiterpen, hydroxycavikol,cavibetol, estragol, eugenol dan carvacrol. Minyak atsiri bersifat antibakteri karena adanya senyawa phenol dan turunannya yang dapat mendenaturasi protein sel bakteri. Daun kemangi mengandung senyawa dari minyak atsiri yaitu <em>1,8-cineole</em>, <em>ß-bisabolene</em>, <em>metyl eugenol</em>. Ketiga bahan tersebut memiliki sifat larut terhadap etanol dan dapat menyebabkan kerusakan membran sel bakteri <em>streptococcus mutans</em> yang merupakan anggota flora normal rongga mulut tetapi dapat berubah menjadi patogen jika keseimbangan flora normal terganggu.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan aktivitas antibakteri rebusan daun sirih (<em>piper betle</em> L) dengan rebusan daun kemangi (<em>ocimum sanctum</em>) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> (penelitian in vitro).</p><p><strong>Metode</strong>: penelitian observasional ini dengan teknik difusi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengamati dan mengukur diameter zona hambat pada MHA yang dibentuk oleh rebusan daun sirih (<em>piper betle</em> L) dan daun kemangi (<em>ocimum sanctum</em>) dalam satuan milimeter (mm). Terdapat 2 kelompok dengan replikasi sebanyak 16.</p><p><strong>Hasil</strong> : Hasil uji deskripsi menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas antibakteri pada rebusan daun sirih maupun rebusan daun kemangi yang tertinggi sebesar 17 mm dan yang terendah 15 mm. Tetapi pada nilai rata-rata efektifitas antibakteri rebusan daun sirih (15,81) lebih besar daripada nilai rata-rata efektifitas antibakteri rebusan daun kemangi (15,75). Hal ini dikarenakan ada zat kimia yang terkandung dalam daun sirih mirip dengan yang terkandung dalam daun kemangi, yaitu minyak atsiri.</p><p><strong>Kesimpulan</strong> : tidak ada perbedaan aktivitas antibakteri rebusan daun sirih dengan rebusan daun kemangi terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri <em>Streptococcus </em><em>m</em><em>utans</em>.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Kata kunci</strong>:  rebusan daun sirih, rebusan daun kemangi<em>, Streptococcus mutans</em>.</p><p> </p><p>     </p>

Comparison of antibacterial efficacy of herbal extracts of aloe vera leaves and mushroom against streptococcus mutansand lactobacillus - an in vitro study

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Bijo Kurian
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Herbal Extracts ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Mushroom Extract ◽  
Group I

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated and compared the antimicrobial efficacy and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of chlorhexidine 0.12% and extracts of aloe vera and mushroom against Streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus. MATERIALS & METHODOLOGY: The agar disc diffusion and broth micro dilution method was used to check the antimicrobial activity of 0.12% chlorhexidine and aqueous extracts of two medicinal plants. The test samples were divided as follows- Streptococcus mutans, group I: chlorhexidine, group II: Aloe vera and group III: Mushroom. Lactobacillus, Group I: chlorhexidine, group II: Aloe vera extract and group III: Mushroom extract. The zone of inhibition and MIC values were tabulated and the data was statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Bonferroni post- hoc tests. RESULTS: Chlorhexidine shows maximum antibacterial action against Streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus followed by mushroom extract and aloe veraextracts with the zone of inhibition of (20.3mm/ 24.13), (17.03/ 16.05), (14.09/14.26) respectively. Both the extracts had MIC value of 80µg/ ml and chlorhexidine was 40µg/ml. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this in- vitro study, it can be concluded that all the herbal extracts tested in this study demonstrated antibacterial activity against MS and lactobacillus. Chlorhexidine showed maximum antibacterial action against Streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus followed by mushroom extract and then aloe veraextracts with the zone of inhibition of (20.3mm/24.13), (17.03/ 16.05), (14.09/14.26) respectively. Herbal products have potent antimicrobial activity that can be looked at as an alternative to chlorhexidine. However, further in vitro and long-term in vivo studies are recommended to confirm and correlate the findings of this study clinically.

scholarly journals Activity of Human β-Defensin 3 Alone or Combined with Other Antimicrobial Agents against Oral Bacteria

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 3349-3351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppantonio Maisetta ◽  
Giovanna Batoni ◽  
Semih Esin ◽  
Filippo Luperini ◽  
Manuela Pardini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Actinobacillus Actinomycetemcomitans ◽  
Streptococcus Sobrinus

ABSTRACT The in vitro activities of human β-defensin 3 (hBD-3) alone or combined with lysozyme, metronidazole, amoxicillin, and chlorhexidine were investigated with the oral bacteria Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus sobrinus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. hBD-3 showed bactericidal activity against all of the bacterial species tested. The bactericidal effect was enhanced when the peptide was used in combination with the antimicrobial agents mentioned above.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils and Their Combination against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Skin Ulcer

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Eshetu Gadisa ◽  
Hydar Usman
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria

Background. Emerging of multidrug-resistant bacteria can compromise the effectiveness of antibiotics used to treat skin infections. Those bacteria imposed public health problems and questioning medical care in the 21st century. In this circumstance, essential oils of medicinal plants origin are supreme sources of structural and functionally divergent compounds, which inhibited the growth of common wound colonizing MRSA and ESBL producing P. aeruginosa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined antibacterial activity of essential oils extracted from Rumex abyssinicus, Cucumis pustulatus, and Discopodium penninervium against multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates of skin ulcers. Methods. Essential oils (EOs) were extracted from aerial parts of R. abyssinicus, C. pustulatus, and D. penninervium with steam distillation. A mixture of each oil (1 : 1) was adsorbed to a disc and placed on Mueller Hinton Agar. Then, minimum zone of inhibition and bactericidal concentration of EOs was measured after incubeted for 18–24 hours at 37 °C. Their combined antibacterial effect was determined by the fractional inhibitory concentration index. Results. The antibacterial activity of mixed oil varied in their doses and bacteria species, of which a mixture of essential oil of R. abyssinicus and D. penninervium had inhibition zone (32 mm); its MIC and MBC values range from 1-2 μl/ml against MRSA. It had an inhibition zone (36 mm), MIC value 4 μl/ml, and MBC (8 μl/ml) against ESBL producing P. aeruginosa, whereas combined effects of R. abyssinicus and C. pustulatus had MIC values ranging from 2–8 μl/ml for E. coli and K. pneumoniae and 2 μl/ml for MRSA. There was a strong synergistic effect between R. abyssinicus and D. penninervium and promising antibacterial effect more specifically on MRSA and P. aeruginosa. Conclusion. This in vitro study of the combined effect of EOs has significant antibacterial activity on wound colonizing bacteria and reduces delaying wound healing as that of modern drugs tested in parallel. Hence, further structural elucidation of active compounds helps us to properly design or synthesis of topical antibiotics for wound care.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus Lam.) Against Bacterial Oral Pathogen of Streptococcus sanguinis ATCC10556, Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212: An in Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisda Damayanti ◽  
Ida Ayu Evaangelina ◽  
Avi Laviana ◽  
Yetty Herdiyati ◽  
Dikdik Kurnia
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Inhibition Zones

Background: Caries and periodontitis are dental diseases caused by bacteria of S. sanguinis, S. mutans, and E. faecalis with three main etiological factors of the host, substrate, and time. Objective: This study proposed to investigate the antibacterial effects of Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus Lam.) against oral bacteria of E.faecalis, S. mutans, and S. sanguinis. Materials and Methods: The Buah Merah was extracted with different solvents to yield n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and H2O extracts. The concentrations of single and mixture extracts were adjusted for antibacterial assay against bacteria of E. faecalis, S. mutans, and S. sanguinis strains through agar well diffusion assay with chlorhexidine, fosfomycin, and quercetin used as positive controls. Results: The ethyl acetate extract showed highest antibacterial activity against three oral bacterial of E. faecalis, S. mutans, and S. sanguinis with inhibition zones values of 9.3, 12.3, and 17.9 mm at 40%, respectively, together with their MIC and MBC values of 1250 & 2500, 0.312 & 0.625, and 0.312 & 0.625 ppm, respectively. For the formulation of extracts, combinations samples test gave various effects to different bacteria, with the best activity showed by methanol-ethyl acetate (M-Ea) extracts against S. mutans with an inhibition zone of 16.25 mm at 40 ppm. The strong and synergistic effect of methanol extract against S. mutans was supported by inhibition zones of the formulation of methanol extract-fosfomycin which showed an inhibition zone of 25.9 mm at 10 ppm. Conclusion: The extracts of Buah Merah demonstrated antibacterial activity against oral bacteria of E. faecalis, S. mutans, and S. sanguinis and gave important information for further in vivo clinical studies to determine the exact dosages and its effectiveness in practical application. These results prove the antimicrobial effects of Buah Merah extracts as alternative natural drugs with synergistic effects of active constituents.

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