In Vitro Evaluation For Antibacterial Activity Of Dadimashtaka Choorna, An Ayurvedic Polyherbal Powder Formulation, Against Selective Bacterial Strains

Dadimashtaka choorna is one of the classical ayurvedic polyherbal powder formulation explained in the context of Atisara chikitsa (treatment of gastrointestinal conditions such as diarrhoea), in the text of Astangahridaya. The formulation is mainly indicated for digestive disorders. Even though many researches have brought out the anti-bacterial activity of each component of the formulation, no studies were done to identify the activity of the compound formulation on any specific bacterial strains. Therefore, an attempt was made to accurately understand the action of the preparation against certain selected strains of bacterias. The formulation was prepared according to the classical method of preparation for choorna kalpana. As per the standard norms mentioned in Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, the concentrated extract of the medicament was prepared. The study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-bacterial activity of concentrated extract of Dadimashtaka choorna against selected microorganisms namely, Salmonella typhi (gram -ve), Escherichia coli (gram -ve), and Bacillus species (gram +ve), using agar well diffusion method and also to compare with the standard drug, ciprofloxacin. It was found that the concentrated extract of Dadimashtaka choorna has significant anti-bacterial activity against the bacterial strain, Bacillus (gram +ve). The study confirmed the anti-bacterial potential of the formulation Dadimashtaka choorna against Bacillus species(gram+ve), which supports the fact that the compound formulation is a promising remedy to curb the gastrointestinal disorders caused by the gram +ve bacterial strains.

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In-vitro Antimicrobial Activity of the Combined Effect of Kalanchoe Crenata and Vernonia Amygdalina on Salmonella Species

10.21203/rs.3.rs-31961/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Emmanuel Effah-Yeboah ◽

Emmanuel Agyapong Asare ◽

Gadafi Iddrisu Balali

Keyword(s):

Growth Inhibition ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Combined Effect ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

P Value ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Vernonia Amygdalina ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract IntroductionThe major breakthrough in the treatment of pathogenic diseases was the unearthing of naturally occurring antipathogenic agents or antibiotics. There have been upsurges in antibiotic-resistant strains of clinically important pathogens, which made way to the emergence of new-fangled bacterial strains that are multi-resistant. The major aim of scientists is to develop new antibiotics or other therapeutic strategies at a pace greater than that at which bacteria are developing resistance. Development of resistance to first-line antimicrobial therapies made way to recommendations for combination therapies for the treatment of some infections and some of this form of chemotherapy seems to be very successful.ObjectivesThis research was carried out the determine the effect of Kalanchoe crenata extract on salmonella Tyhi load. It was carried out to also assess the potency of the extract of Vernonia amygdalina on Salmonella typhi and also to ascertain the effect of the combined extract of Kalanchoe crenata and Vernonia amygdalina on salmonella typhi.MethodIn this research, Salmonella typhi was exposed to a crude extract of Kalanchoe crenata and Vernonia amygdalina and also the combination of the two extracts. Agar wells diffusion method was employed.ResultsThe combined effect was not sensitive to the Salmonella strain. The Salmonella strain was resistant to V. amygdalina than to K. crenata. K. cranata had the strongest activity against S. typhi with its highest zone of growth inhibition of 20 mm and lowest zone of inhibition of 7 mm while V. amygdalina produced consistent zone of growth inhibition of 5–6 mm; The combined effect produced a zone inhibition diameter only at the 100 mg/ml with zone of inhibition value of 14 mm. The subsequent lower concentrations did not show any activity against the microbes. At P-value = 0.05 two-way ANOVA statistics exhibited significant difference amongst the effects produced by the different extracts, though there were no substantial differences in the effects produced by the various concentrations.ConclusionThe salmonella strain was resistant to V. amygdalina than to K. crenata. At P-value = 0.05 there was a substantial difference in the sensitivity of the bacteria to the different extracts.

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Chemotherapeutic Potential of Carthamus Oxycantha Root Extract as Antidiarrheal and In Vitro Antibacterial Activities

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics9050226 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 226 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Muhammad Ikram ◽

Amany Magdy Beshbishy ◽

Muhammad Kifayatullah ◽

Adedayo Olukanni ◽

Muhammad Zahoor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnesium Sulfate ◽

Castor Oil ◽

Research Work ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Root Extract ◽

Bacterial Strains

Our research work was designed to investigate the curative and preventive effects of Carthamus oxycantha root extract against diarrhea and microorganisms. For the antibacterial experiment, the agar well diffusion method was used against standard bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, and Salmonella typhi, while for the assessment of antidiarrheal activity, castor oil and the magnesium sulfate-induced diarrhea method was used on albino, laboratory-bred (BALB/c) mice at a dose rate of 200 and 400 mg/kg (body weight, b.w) orally. The methanol extract of C. oxycantha significantly (p < 0.001) decreased the frequency of defecation, and wet stools in a dose depended on the manner of after receiving magnesium sulfate (2 g/kg (b.w)) and castor oil (1.0 mL/mice). Furthermore, the extract of C. oxycantha showed concentration-dependent antimicrobial properties against S. aureus followed by S. typhi, E. coli, and P. aeroginosa bacterial strains, with inhibitions ranging from 10.5–15 mm. These findings show significant results that C. oxycantha is effective as an antidiarrheal and antibacterial agent. However, further works are needed to establish its mode of action.

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In-vitro Antimicrobial Activity of the Combined Effect of Kalanchoe crenata and Vernonia amygdalina on Salmonella Species

Annual Research & Review in Biology ◽

10.9734/arrb/2021/v36i1130455 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 93-102

Author(s):

Emmanuel Effah-Yeboah ◽

Emmanuel Agyapong Asare ◽

Gadafi Iddrisu Balali ◽

Vincent Aboagye ◽

Kofi Sarpong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Inhibition ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Combined Effect ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

P Value ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Vernonia Amygdalina ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Development Of Resistance

Introduction: The breakthrough in the treatment of pathogenic diseases was the unearthing of naturally occurring antipathogenic agents or antibiotics. There have been upsurges in antibiotic-resistant strains of clinically important pathogens, which made way to the emergence of new-fangled bacterial strains that are multi-resistant. The major aim of scientists is to develop new antibiotics or other therapeutic strategies at a pace greater than that at which bacteria are developing resistance. The development of resistance to first-line antimicrobial therapies made way to recommendations for combination therapies for the treatment of some infections and some of this form of chemotherapy seems to be very successful. Objectives: This research was carried out to determine the effect of Kalanchoe crenata extracts on Salmonella typhi load. Also, to assess the potency of the extract of Vernonia amygdalina on Salmonella typhi and finally to ascertain the effect of the combined extract of Kalanchoe crenata and Vernonia amygdalina on Salmonella typhi. Methods: In this research, Salmonella typhi was exposed to a crude extract of Kalanchoe crenata and Vernonia amygdalina and also the combination of the two extracts. Agar wells diffusion method was employed. Results: The combined effect was not sensitive to the Salmonella strain. The Salmonella strain was resistant to V. amygdalina than to K. crenata. K. cranata had the strongest activity against S. typhi with its highest zone of growth inhibition of 20 mm and lowest zone of inhibition of 7 mm while V. amygdalina produced a consistent zone of growth inhibition of 5-6 mm; The combined effect produced a zone inhibition diameter only at the 100 mg/ml with a zone of inhibition value of 14 mm. The subsequent lower concentrations did not show any activity against the microbes. At P-value = 0.05 two-way ANOVA statistics exhibited significant differences amongst the effects produced by the different extracts, though there were no substantial differences in the effects produced by the various concentrations. Conclusion: The Salmonella strain was resistant to V. amygdalina than to K. crenata. At P-value = 0.05 there was a substantial difference in the sensitivity of the bacteria to the different extracts.

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Synthesis, In-Silico Potential Enzymatic target predictions, Pharmacokinetics, Toxicity, Anti-Microbial and Anti-Inflammatory Studies of Bis-(2-methylindolyl) methane Derivatives

Current Enzyme Inhibition ◽

10.2174/1573408017666210203203735 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Dnyaneshwar T Nagre ◽

Suraj N. Mali ◽

Bapu R. Thorat ◽

Swapnali A. Thorat ◽

Atul R. Chopade ◽

...

Keyword(s):

In Silico ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽

In Silico Admet ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Background: The bis(indolyl)methanes (BIMs) scaffold is being reported for wide varieties of pharmacological profiles including anti-bacterial, anti-proliferative, anti-cancer, cytotoxic, insecticidal, analgesic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory agents. Materials and Methods: A series of bis(indolyl)methanes have been synthesized using greener and new approach using the reaction of different substituted aldehydes and indole in presence of easily available and biodegradable base such as piperidine in acetic acid at room temperature and characterized with ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry (UV–Vis or UV/Vis),Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(NMR),etc. The antibacterial and antifungal activities were also carried out against Staphylococcus aureus (RCMB 000106) and Bacillis subtilis (RCMB 000107), as two Gram positive bacterial strains and Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli (RCMB 000103), as two Gram negative bacterial strains. Fungal Species such as Candida Albicans, Penicillium chrysogenum, Aspergillus niger were also used for in-vitro antifungal evaluation. All our newly synthesized 14 compounds (4a-4n) were subjected for anti-inflammatory activity in-vitro and compared with known standard drug Aceclofenac. Results and Conclusions: Our newly synthesized compounds showed good to moderate antibacterial agents, in-silico ADMET and anti-inflammatory profiles. We hope that our current study would aid future developments of bis(indolyl)methanes as antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agents.

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Synthesis, characterization and pharmacological evaluation of substituted 4-aryl thiazole-2-amino acetanilides

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research ◽

10.30750/ijpbr.4.3.10 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (03) ◽

pp. 74-79

Author(s):

Priyanka . ◽

Isha . ◽

Keshari Kishore Jha ◽

M. Vijayakumar

Keyword(s):

Diclofenac Sodium ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Streptococcus Pneumonia ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Mass Spectral ◽

Paw Oedema ◽

Excellent Growth

A series of novel 4-aryl thiazole-2-amino acetanilides (B1-B6) was designed and synthesized via the preparation of 2-amino 4-aryl thiazole (1) by acetophenone and thiourea which on subsequent condensation with α-chloroacetanilides offered title compounds. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR and 1HNMR and Mass spectral data. The synthesized compounds were tested for their in-vitro antimicrobial activity against the four bacterial strains i.e., Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pneumonia, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and two fungal strains i.e Aspergilus. Niger and Candida albicans using disk diffusion method. The synthesized derivatives demonstrated moderate to excellent growth inhibition of microbes. The compounds were also tested for their antiinflammatory and analgesic potential using carageenan induced hind paw oedema and acetic acid induced writhing methods respectively. A promising activity was observed in some of the title compounds when compared to standard drug diclofenac sodium.

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Preliminary in Vitro Investigations on The Inhibitory Activity of The Original Dietary Supplement Oxidal® on Pathogenic Bacterial Strains

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE ◽

10.24297/jaa.v11i.8693 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 37-43

Author(s):

Prof. Teodora P. Popova ◽

Toshka Petrova ◽

Ignat Ignatov ◽

Stoil Karadzhov

Keyword(s):

Dietary Supplement ◽

Broad Spectrum ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Clinical Effectiveness ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Microbial Strains

The antimicrobial action of the dietary supplement Oxidal® was tested using the classic Bauer and Kirby agar-gel diffusion method. Clinical and reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were used in the studies. The tested dietary supplement showed a well-pronounced inhibitory effect against the microbial strains commensurable with that of the broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic agent Enrofloxacin and showed even higher activity than the broad spectrum antibiotic Thiamphenicol. The proven inhibitory effect of the tested dietary supplement against the examined pathogenic bacteria is in accordance with the established clinical effectiveness standards for antimicrobial agents.

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Total Synthesis and Antibacterial Screening of (±)-6,8-Dihydroxy-3- undecyl-3,4-dihydroisochromen-1-one: A Structural Analogue of Metabolites from Ononis natrix

Letters in Drug Design & Discovery ◽

10.2174/1570180815666180502114402 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 245-248

Author(s):

Hummera Rafique ◽

Aamer Saeed ◽

Ehsan Ullah Mughal ◽

Muhammad Naveed Zafar ◽

Amara Mumtaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Total Synthesis ◽

Structural Analog ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Antibacterial Screening ◽

Maximum Inhibition ◽

Bacillus Subtilus ◽

Hydrolysis Of ◽

Direct Condensation

Background: (±)-6,8-Dihydroxy-3-undecyl-3,4-dihydroisochromen-1-one is one of the structural analog of several substituted undecylisocoumarins isolated from Ononis natrix (Fabaceae), has been successfully synthesized by direct condensation of homopthalic acid (1) with undecanoyl chloride yields isochromen-1-one (2). Methods: Alkaline hydrolysis of (2) gave the corresponding keto-acid (3), which is then reduced to hydroxy acid (4) then its cyclodehydration was carried out with acetic anhydride to afford 3,4- dihydroisochromen-1-one (5). Followed by demethylation step, the synthesis of target 6,8- dihydroxy-7-methyl-3-undecyl-3,4-dihydroisocoumarin (6) was achieved. Results: In vitro antibacterial screening of all the synthesized compounds were carried out against ten bacterial strains by agar well diffusion method. Conclusion: Newly synthesized molecules exhibited moderate antibacterial activity and maximum inhibition was observed against Bacillus subtilus and Salmonella paratyphi.

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Template synthesis and characterization of biologically active transition metal complexes comprising 14-membered tetraazamacrocyclic ligand

Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society ◽

10.2298/jsc1002217s ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 75 (2) ◽

pp. 217-228 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Dharmpal Singh ◽

Krishan Kumar ◽

Ramesh Kumar ◽

Jitender Singh

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Measurements ◽

Macrocyclic Ligand ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Molar Conductance ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Distorted Octahedral Geometry ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽

Active Transition

A novel series of complexes of the type [M(C28H24N4)X2], where M = Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II), X = Cl-, NO3 -, CH3COO- and (C28H24N4) corresponds to the tetradentate macrocyclic ligand, were synthesized by template condensation of 1,8-diaminonaphthalene and diacetyl in the presence of divalent metal salts in methanolic medium. The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, conductance and magnetic measurements, as well as by UV/Vis, NMR, IR and MS spectroscopy. The low values of the molar conductance indicate non-electrolyte type of complexes. Based on these spectral data, a distorted octahedral geometry may be proposed for all of these complexes. All the synthesized macrocyclic complexes were tested for in vitro antibacterial activity against some pathogenic bacterial strains, viz Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The MIC values shown by the complexes against these bacterial strains were compared with the MIC shown by the standard antibiotics linezolid and cefaclor.

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Antibacterial Activity of Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Plasma: AnIn VitroStudy

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2018/9471723 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Agata Cieślik-Bielecka ◽

Tadeusz Bold ◽

Grzegorz Ziółkowski ◽

Marcin Pierchała ◽

Aleksandra Królikowska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Platelet Rich Plasma ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Bovine Thrombin ◽

Zones Of Inhibition

The aim of the study was to investigate the leukocyte- and platelet-rich plasma (L-PRP) antimicrobial activity. The studied sample comprised 20 healthy males. The L-PRP gel, liquid L-PRP, and thrombin samples were testedin vitrofor their antibacterial properties against selected bacterial strains using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Two types of thrombin were used (autologous and bovine). Zones of inhibition produced by L-PRP ranged between 6 and 18 mm in diameter. L-PRP inhibited the growth ofStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA and MSSA strains) and was also active againstEnterococcus faecalisandPseudomonas aeruginosa. There was no activity againstEscherichia coliandKlebsiella pneumoniae. The statistically significant increase of L-PRP antimicrobial effect was noted with the use of major volume of thrombin as an activator. Additionally, in groups where a bovine thrombin mixture was added to L-PRP the zones of inhibition concerning MRSA,Enterococcus faecalis, andPseudomonas aeruginosawere larger than in the groups with autologous thrombin. Based on the conducted studies, it can be determined that L-PRP can evokein vitroantimicrobial effects and might be used to treat selected infections in the clinical field. The major volume of thrombin as an activator increases the strength of the L-PRP antimicrobial effect.

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Phytochemical investigation and in vitro antimicrobial activity of Richardia scabra

Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.3329/bjp.v11i2.24666 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 248 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kathirvel Poonkodi ◽

Subban Ravi

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Weed Species ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽

Agar Plug ◽

Phytochemical Investigation ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽

Simple Sugar

The present study was aimed to evaluate the phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of the petroleum ether and methanol extracts from the mature leaves of Richardia scabra from India. Disc diffusion method was used to determine the zone inhibition of the tested samples for antibacterial and agar plug method was used to determine the antifungal activity, while the microtube-dilution technique was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration. Both extracts showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activities when tested against 10 bacterial and four fungal strains. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the methanol extract of R. scabra ranged between 12.5–100 μg/mL for bacterial strains. Alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, fatty acids, terpenoids and simple sugar were detected as phytoconstituents of extracts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report against antimicrobial activity of common weed species R. scabra found in India.

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