scholarly journals Knowledge, prevalence and risk factors of rheumatoid arthritis among middle-aged and old aged population

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 522-528
Author(s):  
Sachin Aditya B ◽  
Karthik Ganesh Mohanraj ◽  
Vishnu Priya V
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Joint Destruction ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Chronic Disorder ◽  
Fluctuating Course ◽  
Patients Experience ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Rheumatoid Arthritis is a chronic disorder and affects the lining of joints and functioning of various other vital organs like the heart, kidneys and lungs. It is an autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system attacks its tissues. Most patients experience a chronic fluctuating course of a disease that, despite therapy, may result in progressive joint destruction, deformity, disability, and even premature death. Joints most commonly affected are those with the highest ratio of synovium to articular cartilage. It is more common in women than in men. Its symptoms include tender and warm joints which may lead to joint deformities in extreme cases. This study involved 100 participants of age ranging from 16-55 years. A well-structured questionnaire based on personal, socioeconomic information along with symptoms and treatment of RA was prepared and circulated online through Google forms among the participants. The results showed that most of the participants were aware of the common symptoms of RA and their risk factors and more than 60% of participants were students, over 90% of respondents said it is genetic. Smoking can increase the chance of attaining it. Disability from RA causes major economic loss and can have a profound impact on families. However, it can be managed treated and even remitted in some cases if proper habits like exercise are followed. It should be diagnosed as early as possible for better chances of remission.

scholarly journals A Bayesian Model for Prediction of Rheumatoid Arthritis from Risk Factors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Lufkin ◽  
Marko Budišić ◽  
Sumona Mondal ◽  
Shantanu Sur
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Predictive Model ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Mixed Data ◽  
Validation Dataset ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Organ Systems

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that typically manifests as destructive joint inflammation but also affects multiple other organ systems. The pathogenesis of RA is complex where a variety of factors including comorbidities, demographic, and socioeconomic variables are known to influence the incidence and progress of the disease. In this work, we aimed to predict RA from a set of 11 well-known risk factors and their interactions using Bayesian logistic regression. We considered up to third-order interactions between the risk factors and implemented factor analysis of mixed data (FAMD) to account for both the continuous and categorical natures of these variables. The predictive model was further optimized over the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) using a genetic algorithm (GA). We use data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Our optimal predictive model has a smoothed AUC of 0.826 (95% CI: 0.801 −0.850) on a validation dataset and 0.805 (95% CI: 0.781 −0.829) on a holdout test dataset. Our model identified multiple second- and third-order interactions that demonstrate a strong association with RA, implying the potential role of risk factor interactions in the disease mechanism. Interestingly, we find that the inclusion of higher-order interactions in the model only marginally improves overall predictive ability. Our findings on the contribution of RA risk factors and their interaction on disease prediction could be useful in developing strategies for early diagnosis of RA, thus opening potential avenues for improved patient outcomes and reduced healthcare burden to society.

scholarly journals Identifying the preferable rheumatoid arthritis subgroups for intervention with the anti-RANKL antibody denosumab to reduce progression of joint destruction

RMD Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. e001249
Author(s):  
Yoshiya Tanaka ◽  
Satoshi Soen ◽  
Naoki Ishiguro ◽  
Hisashi Yamanaka ◽  
Toshiyuki Yoneda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bone Erosion ◽  
Joint Destruction ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Concomitant Treatment ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Radiographic Damage ◽  
Interaction Factor

ObjectivesTo clarify which rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients benefit most from the anti-receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand antibody denosumab to reduce the progression of joint destruction.MethodsWe pooled patient data from the 12-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled DRIVE (phase II) and DESIRABLE (phase III) studies. In DRIVE, concomitant treatment was limited to methotrexate, salazosulfapyridine and bucillamine. In DESIRABLE, patients could receive any disease-modifying antirheumatic drug. RA patients were randomised to denosumab 60 mg every 6 months (Q6M), every 3 months (Q3M) or placebo. Efficacy was assessed by van der Heijde-modified total Sharp score (mTSS), bone erosion score (ES) and joint space narrowing score (JSNS). Change in mTSS was assessed in subgroups stratified by risk factors for radiographic damage if the interaction factor was significant.ResultsThe pooled analysis included 909 patients. Denosumab reduced worsening of mTSS (mean (SD)) at 12 months in the Q6M (0.88 (3.30), p=0.0024) and Q3M (0.66 (2.16), p=0.0002) groups versus placebo (1.50 (3.73)). This reduction in mTSS progression was due to the change in ES (Q6M, 0.44 (1.89), p=0.0006; Q3M, 0.20 (0.86), p<0.0001) versus placebo (0.98 (2.54)); no effect was observed on JSNS. Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies, glucocorticoid use and baseline ES showed a significant interaction. Denosumab was particularly effective in patients who were anti-CCP antibody positive (p<0.05). Changes in mTSS versus placebo were observed in all denosumab dose groups, regardless of glucocorticoid use and baseline ES.ConclusionsDenosumab broadly reduced the progression of joint destruction in RA patients with risk factors for radiographic damage such as especially anti-CCP antibody positivity.

Rheumatoid Arthritis

2014 ◽  
pp. 231-241
Author(s):  
Derrick J. Todd ◽  
Jonathan S. Coblyn
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Joint Destruction ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Cartilage Destruction ◽  
Pharmacologic Treatment ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Disease Modifying ◽  
Over Time

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an idiopathic systemic autoimmune disorder that primarily involves the joints. It causes inflammation of the synovium (synovitis) that can lead to cartilage destruction and bone erosions. Extra-articular manifestations may also occur. The diagnosis of RA is based on a combination of clinical features, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. In recent years, great strides have been made in the pharmacologic treatment of RA, which consists primarily of immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory therapy with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). It is important to understand that RA is a heterogeneous disorder: some patients may have a severe, rapidly progressive disease with life-threatening extra-articular symptoms, whereas other patients may have indolent symptoms with little if any joint destruction over time. This point is important when making a diagnosis of RA, and especially when considering treatment options.

scholarly journals Significance of Hyaluronic acid as a biomarker with seropositive and seronegative autoantibodies in Rheumatoid arthritis patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1322-1329
Author(s):  
Vinod A N ◽  
Preeti R Y ◽  
Riya K ◽  
Ruthvik N ◽  
Prahaladh R
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Joint Destruction ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Synovial Inflammation ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Population

Testing for autoantibodies is a flagship feature of Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder affecting both the male and female population. Synovial inflammation followed by cartilage, bone, and joint destruction in the later stages of RA puts life in peril, especially for those with other comorbidities. In this study, we focused on to measure serum Hyaluronic acid (HA) along with seropositive and seronegative RF, AntiCCP autoantibodies to establish any association with these biomarkers. It was a cross-sectional study involving 152 RA patients based on the 1987 ACR criteria for the diagnosis of RA and 68 age‑ and sex-matched healthy controls. After clinical examination, the traditional markers were assessed to measure the disease activity, such as CRP, ESR, Anti -CCP, and RF in RA patients. The serum HA levels were measured using the ELISA method. All the values were expressed as median (25th–75th percentile). Based on seropositive and seronegative RF and AntiCCP autoantibodies, the patient group was divided into four groups- both seropositive, both seronegative, and the other two mixed groups. The traditional inflammatory markers were significantly increased in RA patients than in controls with (p  < 0.001). In our study, there was a significant increase in serum HA levels in RA patients compared to healthy controls (p  < 0.03). The serum HA levels were significantly correlated with Anti-CCP, DAS‑28, CRP, and ESR in RA patients. At the same time, serum HA level is increased in the group with seropositive for both antibodies showing statistical significance. Conclusion- serum Hyaluronic acid is involved in synovial inflammation, manifesting a common triggering mechanism more with AntiCCP antibodies than RF, promising for better clinical utility in the early stages of rheumatoid arthritis.

Immunoregulatory Role of Interleukin-37 in Rheumatoid Arthritis; Relation to Disease Activity and Joint Destruction

2018 ◽  
Vol 86 (September) ◽  
pp. 3341-3348
Author(s):  
DALIA B. EL-BOHOTY, M.Sc.; DOAA S. AL-ASHKAR, M.D. ◽  
MAALY M. MABROUK, M.D.; HALA M. NAGY, M.D.
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Joint Destruction

The Role of Synovial Fibroblasts in Mediating Joint Destruction in Rheumatoid Arthritis

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 563-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingmar Meinecke ◽  
Edita Rutkauskaite ◽  
Steffen Gay ◽  
Thomas Pap
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Joint Destruction ◽  
Synovial Fibroblasts

Treatment with Melittin Induces Apoptosis and Autophagy of Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 734-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shou-di He ◽  
Ning Tan ◽  
Chen-xia Sun ◽  
Kang-han Liao ◽  
Hui-jun Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Joint Destruction ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Caspase 9 ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Local Stimulation ◽  
Fibroblast Like Synoviocytes

Background: Melittin, the major medicinal component of honeybee venom, exerts antiinflammatory, analgesic, and anti-arthritic effects in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). RA is an inflammatory autoimmune joint disease that leads to irreversible joint destruction and functional loss. Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes (FLS) are dominant, special mesenchymal cells characterized by the structure of the synovial intima, playing a crucial role in both the initiation and progression of RA. Objective: In this study, we evaluated the effects of melittin on the viability and apoptosis of FLS isolated from patients with RA. Methods: Cell viability was determined using CCK-8 assays; apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry, and the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins (caspase-3, caspase-9, BAX, and Bcl-2) were also determined. To explore whether melittin alters inflammatory processes in RA-FLS, IL-1β levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, we performed GFP-LC3 punctate fluorescence dot assays and western blotting (for LC3, ATG5, p62, and Beclin 1) to assess autophagy in RA-FLS. Results: Our results show that melittin can significantly impair viability, promote apoptosis and autophagy, and inhibit IL-1β secretion in RA-FLS. Conclusion: Melittin may be useful in preventing damage to the joints during accidental local stimulation.

Cardiovascular Risk in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Mechanistic Links: From Pathophysiology to Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 431-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E. Fragoulis ◽  
Ismini Panayotidis ◽  
Elena Nikiphorou
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cv Disease ◽  
Obesity Hypertension ◽  
Inflammatory Burden

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory arthritis. Inflammation, however, can spread beyond the joints to involve other organs. During the past few years, it has been well recognized that RA associates with increased risk for cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) compared with the general population. This seems to be due not only to the increased occurrence in RA of classical CVD risk factors and comorbidities like smoking, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and others but also to the inflammatory burden that RA itself carries. This is not unexpected given the strong links between inflammation and atherosclerosis and CVD. It has been shown that inflammatory cytokines which are present in abundance in RA play a significant role in every step of plaque formation and rupture. Most of the therapeutic regimes used in RA treatment seem to offer significant benefits to that end. However, more studies are needed to clarify the effect of these drugs on various parameters, including the lipid profile. Of note, although pharmacological intervention significantly helps reduce the inflammatory burden and therefore the CVD risk, control of the so-called classical risk factors is equally important. Herein, we review the current evidence for the underlying pathogenic mechanisms linking inflammation with CVD in the context of RA and reflect on the possible impact of treatments used in RA.

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