Role of platelet-derived growth factor in type II diabetes mellitus                     and its complications

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a type of metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycaemia with multiple serious complications, such as diabetic neuropathies, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic foot. Platelet-derived growth factors are growth factors that regulate cell growth and division, playing a critical role in diabetes and its harmful complications. This review focused on the cellular mechanism of platelet-derived growth factors and their receptors on diabetes development. Furthermore, we raise some proper therapeutic molecular targets for the treatment of diabetes and its complications.

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ROLE OF HS-CRP AND IRISIN IN OBESITY AND TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS

10.36106/gjra/0304232 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 46-47

Author(s):

Pankaj Kambale ◽

Sandip Lambe ◽

Kanchan Lambe

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Type Ii ◽

Hs Crp

Background: Overweight and type of II diabetes is emerging as important disease and the prevalence of these diseases is also increasing signicantly. Studies had proposed that irisin is having a role to play in pathophysiology of obesity and other metabolic diseases. The patients who are having type 2 diabetes are found to have higher irisin levels. The study on the association of irisin and hs-CRP with obesity and type 2 diabetes is increasing. Aim: The aim of the present study is to identify the role of irisin and HS-CRP in obesity and type II diabetes mellitus. Material and Methods: This was a community based cross-sectional study which is conducted on the medical OPD visitors of a tertiary care centre. For conducting this study 50 participants ageing between 10-50 years were selected and both male and female participants were included in this research study. In this study 25 patients belong to the case group and 25 patients were of the control group. Results: In the present study the mean of the HS-CRP was found to be 1.45±0.56 for case group and for the control group it was found to be 0.83±0.49. In the present study the mean irisin value for the case group was found to be 8.27±3.21 and for the control group it was found to be 7.47±2.54. Conclusion: In the current study it was found that the hs-CRP and the irisin level of the patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity are higher as compared with the normal individuals. It can be said that both the hs-CRP and the irisin level are positively associated with the obesity and type II diabetes mellitus.

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EFEKTIVITAS KERASIONALAN PEMBERIAN ANTIDIABETIK PENGOBATAN ORAL PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS PADA USIA 30-50 TAHUN TIPE 2 DI RAWAT INAP PENYAKIT DALAM RSUD DELI SERDANG LUBUK PAKAM TAHUN 2020

JURNAL FARMASIMED (JFM) ◽

10.35451/jfm.v3i2.582 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 74-80

Author(s):

Loraetta Brety Sebayang ◽

Romauli Anna Teresia Marbun ◽

Dewi Kartika

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Oral Treatment ◽

Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽

The Body ◽

Quality Assurance Process ◽

Experimental Type ◽

Treatment Of Diabetes ◽

Assurance Process ◽

The Right

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic condition, which occurs because the body cannot produce insulin, normally or insulin cannot work effectively. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of the rational administration of antidiabetic, oral treatment of diabetes mellitus patients at the age of 30-50 years type 2 in Deli Serdang Hospital, lubuk pakam in 2020. Method: This study is a non-experimental type of research using descriptive methods. Results: Shows that from 72 samples of Type II Diabetes Mellitus patients at Deli Serdang General Hospital, April-July Period 2020. With the number (52.8%) of male sex patients and the number (47.2%) of type patients female genitalia and antidiabetic drugs most widely used by patients, in the period of April-July 2020, namely (20.8%) glycionion + metformin and (20.8%) insulin drugs. the use of DM drugs with the right rational indication (65.3%), Rational with the right medicine (100%), rational with the right dosage (100%), the right rational patient (100%) and the rational way of administration (100:%). Conclusion: Evaluation of drug use is a structured quality assurance process that is carried out continuously to ensure that the drugs used are appropriate, safe, and efficient.

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Targeting mTOR Signaling in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes Complications

Current Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1389450123666220111115528 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

Author(s):

Lin Yang ◽

Zhixin Zhang ◽

Doudou Wang ◽

Yu Jiang ◽

Ying Liu

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Protein Complexes ◽

Cell Metabolism ◽

Critical Role ◽

Mtor Inhibitors ◽

Mtor Signaling

Abstract: The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a pivotal regulator of cell metabolism and growth. In the form of two different multi-protein complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, mTOR integrates cellular energy, nutrient and hormonal signals to regulate cellular metabolic homeostasis. In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) aberrant mTOR signaling underlies its pathological conditions and end-organ complications. Substantial evidence suggests that two mTOR-mediated signaling schemes, mTORC1-p70S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) and mTORC2-protein kinase B (AKT), play a critical role in insulin sensitivity and that their dysfunction contributes to development of T2DM. This review summaries our current understanding of the role of mTOR signaling in T2DM and its associated complications, as well as the potential use of mTOR inhibitors in treatment of T2DM.

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DIABETIC STRIATOPATHY: A RARE PRESENTATION OF NONKETOTIC HYPERGLYCEMIA

10.36106/gjra/3609974 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 108-109

Author(s):

Ranjan Mallick ◽

Shyam Sunder Hembram ◽

Ram Chandra Bhadra Chandra Bhadra

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Western Europe ◽

Rare Complication ◽

Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type Ii ◽

Rare Presentation ◽

Acute Hyperglycaemia

Type II Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most common non-communicable diseases with innumerable & potentially life threatening complications. In 2017, approximately 462 million individuals were affected by type 2 diabetes corresponding to 6.28% of the world's population (4.4% of those aged 15-49 years, 15% of those aged 50-69, and 22% of those aged 70+), or a prevalence rate of 6059 cases per 100,000. Over 1 million deaths per year can be attributed to diabetes alone, making it the ninth leading cause of mortality. The burden of diabetes mellitus is rising globally, and at a much faster rate in developed regions, such as Western Europe. The gender distribution is equal, and the incidence peaks at around 55 years of age. Global prevalence of type 2 diabetes is projected to increase to 7079 individuals per 100,000 by 2030, reecting a continued rise across all regions of the world.[¹] . Two of the common complications due to acute hyperglycaemia are Diabetic Ketocidosis & Non ketotic hyperosmolar coma which are considered a spectrum of the same complication due to low circulating levels of insulin leading to impaired glucose metabolism by insulin dependant tissues with rising levels of anti-insulin hormones like glucagon, cortisol & catecholamines due to intracellular starvation resulting in hypergylcemia & fatty acid breakdown & ketonemia. Amongst the numerous complications of Type II Diabetes Mellitus, here we present a rare complication of acute hyperglycaemia and its radiological picture in the central nervous system. A 56 year old female patient with a history of Type II Diabetes Mellitus with Hypertension under long term medication came for a private consultation with a complaint of Right sided involuntary, random, irregular, inging and ailing, rapid, non-patterned movements for past 7 days. The patient was advised for an urgent MRI of Brain which demonstrated high T1 signal & low T2/FLAIR intensity with no diffusion restriction of DWI & ADC map in left sided putamen & head of caudate nucleus. We illustrated a rare classical nding of acute hyperglycemic effect on brain in a case of long standing Type II Diabetes Mellitus despite being on medications

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Elevated serum uric acid and triglycerides level in the patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus- a Nepalese case control study

Annals of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.3126/acclm.v2i2.15590 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 26-34

Author(s):

Hridaya Parajuli ◽

Jyotsna Shakya ◽

Bashu Dev Pardhe ◽

Puspa Raj Khanal ◽

Narayan Prasad Parajuli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Serum Uric Acid ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type Ii ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Hyperuricemia is associated with type 2 diabetes, which is a metabolic disorder of multiple etiologies resulting from defects in insulin action. The present study wascarried out to look for any association between uric acid and Type II Diabetes Mellitus and also status of triacylglycerol level among those patients.Methods: The blood samples were collected 100 diabetic and 100 non-diabetic individuals in the department of biochemistry and then analyzed for estimation of blood glucose, Uric Acid and Triacylglycerol level.Results: The average level of serum uric acid in diabetic patients was higher (5.706±1.617) in comparison to non diabetic subjects (4.322±0.784) with statistically significant difference (p≤0.05). For female the result indicate there was a positive correlation between (FBS and triglycerides) and (triglycerides and uric acids) which was statistically significant (r =-0.465, n = 41, p = 0.002) and(r =-0.370, n = 41, p = 0.017) respectively.Conclusions: This study documents that hyperuricemia is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, the serum triacylglycerol and serum uric acid is also found to be associated risk factors for diabetic complications. Hence, timely diagnosis and management of diabetes is vital to control the complications related to diabetes.Ann. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 2016:2(1); 26-34

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A Selective Role of Dietary Anthocyanins and Flavan-3-ols in Reducing the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Recent Evidence

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11040841 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 841 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Britt Burton-Freeman ◽

Michał Brzeziński ◽

Eunyoung Park ◽

Amandeep Sandhu ◽

Di Xiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Reduction ◽

Critical Role ◽

Glucose Absorption ◽

Diabetes Risk ◽

Fiber Plant

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common form of DM and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. Because it is a progressive disease, prevention, early detection and disease course modification are possible. Diet plays a critical role in reducing T2DM risk. Therapeutic dietary approaches routinely recommend diets high in plant foods (i.e., vegetables, fruits, whole-grains). In addition to essential micronutrients and fiber, plant-based diets contain a wide-variety of polyphenols, specifically flavonoid compounds. Evidence suggests that flavonoids may confer specific benefits for T2DM risk reduction through pathways influencing glucose absorption and insulin sensitivity and/or secretion. The present review assesses the relationship between dietary flavonoids and diabetes risk reduction reviewing current epidemiology and clinical research. Collectively, the research indicates that certain flavonoids, explicitly anthocyanins and flavan-3-ols and foods rich in these compounds, may have an important role in dietary algorithms aimed to address diabetes risk factors and the development of T2DM.

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Role of bioactive molecules and maternal immune cells in breast-milk in type 2 diabetes mellitus risk reduction

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal ◽

10.3329/bsmmuj.v12i2.41683 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 69-79

Author(s):

Tajudeen Yahaya ◽

Mutiu Sifau

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Growth Factors ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Risk Reduction ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Bioactive Molecules

Inadequate breastfeeding or its total neglect has been mentioned in several studies as a contributing factor to the globally rising incidence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the anti-diabetic role of breast-milk has not been given much attention. As such, this study was initiated to review and bring to update on the role of breastfeeding in the risk reduction of T2DM. Relevant information on the topic was retrieved from the reliable science databases, including PubMed, MedLine, Google Scholar, Researchgate, etc. The results showed that breast-milk is not energy dense and contains several health-enhancing bioactive molecules, including adipokines, antimicrobial and growth factors, cytokines, nutrients, and immune cells. Adipokines interact with the central nervous system to modulate certain physiological processes involved in energy balance, thereby programming an infant to be at a reduced risk for overweight, obesity and T2DM later in life. The antimicrobial and growth factors, as well as immune cells and bioactive nutrients may stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria and/or inhibit the growth of pathogens. Thus, strengthen neonate defense mechanisms to effectively prevent infections as well as short and long-term disorders such as obesity and T2DM. In conclusion, nursing mothers are advised to breastfeed babies adequately before introducing them to complementary foods. To cater to the need of babies who may not have access to breastfeeding, healthcare providers should formulate infant formula using breast-milk components as basic constituents.

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Influence of Glycated Haemoglobin Levels on Intraocular Pressure in patients with Type –II Diabetes Mellitus

Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.3126/nepjoph.v11i1.25412 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 19-23

Author(s):

Ajai Agrawal ◽

Shubham Ahuja ◽

Anupam Singh ◽

Ramanuj Samanta ◽

Sanjeev Kumar Mittal

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Intraocular Pressure ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type Ii ◽

Group I ◽

Hba1c Levels

Introduction: Patients with diabetes mellitus are at a higher risk of developing primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) as compared to non-diabetic patients. Objectives: To determine whether there is a correlation between hyperglycemic levels and intraocular pressure (IOP) and to identify patients of Type II diabetes mellitus who are at a higher risk of developing glaucoma. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital based, cross sectional study performed on patients with type II diabetes mellitus, at a tertiary health care center in Uttarakhand, India between July, 2018 and September, 2018. 318 eyes of 159 patients with Type2 diabetes mellitus were included in the study. IOP was measured by Goldmannappla nation to no meter and central corneal thickness was measured with specula microscope in all patients, in addition to glycated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c) and fasting and post-prandial blood glucose levels. The data was analysed using SPSS 22 software. Results: Mean IOP was found to be 15.75 ± 3.18 mm Hg in patients with HbA1c levels between 6.5%-12% (Group I) and 17.42 ± 2.67 mm Hg in patients with HbA1c levels more than 12 % (Group II). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P =0.013). Out of 159 patients with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus, a total of 11 patients had IOP more than 21mm Hg in one or both the eyes. Conclusion: Hyperglycaemic levels as determined by raised HbA1c levels are associated with higher intraocular pressures in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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The Nrf2/Keap1/ARE Pathway and Oxidative Stress as a Therapeutic Target in Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2017/4826724 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

Joshua A. David ◽

William J. Rifkin ◽

Piul S. Rabbani ◽

Daniel J. Ceradini

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Oxidative Damage ◽

Therapeutic Target ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Cell Types ◽

Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type Ii ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Despite improvements in awareness and treatment of type II diabetes mellitus (TIIDM), this disease remains a major source of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and prevalence continues to rise. Oxidative damage caused by free radicals has long been known to contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of TIIDM and its complications. Only recently, however, has the role of the Nrf2/Keap1/ARE master antioxidant pathway in diabetic dysfunction begun to be elucidated. There is accumulating evidence that this pathway is implicated in diabetic damage to the pancreas, heart, and skin, among other cell types and tissues. Animal studies and clinical trials have shown promising results suggesting that activation of this pathway can delay or reverse some of these impairments in TIIDM. In this review, we outline the role of oxidative damage and the Nrf2/Keap1/ARE pathway in TIIDM, focusing on current and future efforts to utilize this relationship as a therapeutic target for prevention, prognosis, and treatment of TIID.

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