scholarly journals EFFECTIVE REGIONAL CLUSTER: SIGNS, CONDITIONS AND CRITERIA FOR THE FORMATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-75
Author(s):  
Елена Григорьевна Патрушева ◽  
Анна Владимировна Райхлина
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Cluster Formation ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Cluster Policy ◽  
Regional Cluster ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Effective Cluster

Статья посвящена обоснованию методологических подходов к исследованию процессов кластеризации в экономической политике регионов. Поставлена цель выявления условий формирования эффективных кластеров в целях появления позитивных изменений в экономических результатах их деятельности, возникающих за счет появляющихся в кластере синергетических эффектов. Установлена взаимосвязь эффектов с комплексом типовых признаков кластера. Предложен критерий формирования эффективного кластера: максимальный уровень стоимости создаваемого кластерного образования при разных вариантах состава, структуры и условий взаимодействия участников кластера между собой и инициирующими, и координирующими это взаимодействие органами государственного управления. По мнению авторов, это позволит повысить успешность проведения региональной кластерной политики. The article is devoted to the creation of methodological foundations of clustering processes in the economic policy of the regions. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the conditions for the formation of effective clusters for the purpose of positive changes in the economic results of activities that arise due to the synergistic effects that appear in the cluster. The relationship between the effects and the complex of typical features of the cluster is established. The criterion for the formation of an effective cluster is proposed as the maximum level of the cost of the created cluster formation with different variants of the composition, structure and conditions of interaction between the cluster participants and the initiating and coordinating public administration bodies, which will increase the success of the regional cluster policy.

The Relationship Between Work-Life Balance (WLB) and Firm Performance

2017 ◽  
pp. 402-411
Author(s):  
Choi Sang Long
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship

It is paramount that firms accurately assess the cost-effectiveness of WLB policies as initiatives to conduct such policies involve cost. WLB policies should be considered due to synergistic effects by employing a variety of policies. The benefits are usually under-estimated while the costs over-estimated, as the latter is easier to measure. Until longitudinal research is conducted, we cannot discount the possibility that successful organizations are more likely to offer WLB practices, and that the practices themselves are not exerting any favorable effect on organizational performance. Instead, it might simply be that organizations offering WLB practices are more predisposed to engaging in high-quality management practices and that this approach usually generates a positive effect on employees and performance outcomes. Thus, we can surmise that improved firm performance is a result of effective management usually associated with the implementation of WLB policies in the workplace, and not solely because of WLB per se.

scholarly journals CENTRALISED OR DECENTRALISED PUBLIC FINANCING OF CLUSTERS

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-282
Author(s):  
Nataša URBANČÍKOVÁ ◽  
Peter BURGER
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Cluster Policy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Structural Funds ◽  
Regional Cluster ◽  
Community Programmes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

The public funds have become a major source of finance for clusters in the last decade, also in European countries. The source of financing clusters and innovation performance of the countries is directly connected to subjects of the national/regional cluster policy, i.e. to its centralisation. The paper examines the relationship between European country attitude towards financial support provided for cluster and country innovative performance in a sample of 125 clusters from 25 European countries. The own empirical investigation is based on primary research using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney tests with Bonferroni. The investigation is focused on facts whether statistically significant differences in the amount of subsidies from national, regional, local and “European” levels between clusters in European countries influence their level of innovation performance. The finding shows that there are no statistically significant differences in the exploitation of resources from the Structural Funds and community programmes of the EU in the examined clusters in the countries with different levels of innovation performance. However, the clusters in the countries with higher levels of innovation performance receive funds in the form of central government and regional self-government subsidies more frequently than the clusters in the countries with lower levels of innovation performance.

scholarly journals Russian Cluster Policy in the Context of Cooperation

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-51
Author(s):  
Leonid S. Markov ◽  
Vladislav B. Kurmashev ◽  
Aleksey Yu. Nizkovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Formation ◽  
Industrial Cluster ◽  
Cluster Policy ◽  
Profound Change ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Regional Cluster ◽  
Direct Support ◽  
Normative Basis ◽  
The Government

The paper studies a profound change in the Russian cluster policy at the federal level based on the analysis of regulatory framework. The work demonstrates virtual abandoning of cluster policies in all areas, i.e. winding-up direct support for industrial cluster projects and failure to start funding complex investment projects for the development of innovative territorial clusters which has even lost their normative basis for financing as well as to backup regional cluster development centers. The main reason for such a reverse is the lack of cooperation among the domestic clusters. At the same time, the main aim of the government efforts in the field of cluster formation and other related processes – stimulation of cooperation projects – has remained unchanged. In order to avoid setbacks in other initiatives for development of such cooperation, it seems advisable to introduce an extended classification of joint cluster projects, which in many ways determines the specifics of partnership relations. The proposed classification is based on the type of connectivity among the participants, the symmetry of the alliances and the organizational form of project implementation. It is shown that the domestic cluster policy deals with the most challenging type of cooperative projects.

The Awareness Level of the Safety and Health of the Operational Level

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Roshanira Che Mohd Noor ◽  
Nur Atiqah Rochin Demong
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Operational Level ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Health Factors ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Awareness Level

Providing a safe and healthy workplace is one of the most effective strategies in for holding down the cost of doing construction business. It was a part of the overall management system to facilitate themanagement of the occupational health and safety risk that are associated with the business of the organization. Factors affected the awareness level inclusive of safety and health conditions, dangerous working area, long wait care and services and lack of emergency communication werethe contributed factors to the awareness level for the operational level. Total of 122 incidents happened at Telekom Malaysia Berhad as compared to year 2015 only 86 cases. Thus, the main objective of this study was to determine the relationship between safety and health factors and the awareness level among operational workers.The determination of this research was to increase the awareness level among the operational level workerswho committing to safety and health environment.

Pound Wise and Penny Foolish? Weight Loss and The Dynamics of Health Care Spending

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G Koch
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Health Care Spending ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Dynamic Measures ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Current estimates of obesity costs ignore the impact of future weight loss and gain, and may either over or underestimate economic consequences of weight loss. In light of this, I construct static and dynamic measures of medical costs associated with body mass index (BMI), to be balanced against the cost of one-time interventions. This study finds that ignoring the implications of weight loss and gain over time overstates the medical-cost savings of such interventions by an order of magnitude. When the relationship between spending and age is allowed to vary, weight-loss attempts appear to be cost-effective starting and ending with middle age. Some interventions recently proven to decrease weight may also be cost-effective.

Marginal assessment of the cost and benefits of aphasia treatment: Evidence from community-based telerehabilitation treatment for aphasia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1357633X2098277
Author(s):  
Molly Jacobs ◽  
Patrick M Briley ◽  
Heather Harris Wright ◽  
Charles Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Conduction Aphasia ◽  
Aphasia Treatment ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction Few studies have reported information related to the cost-effectiveness of traditional face-to-face treatments for aphasia. The emergence and demand for telepractice approaches to aphasia treatment has resulted in an urgent need to understand the costs and cost-benefits of this approach. Methods Eighteen stroke survivors with aphasia completed community-based aphasia telerehabilitation treatment, utilizing the Language-Oriented Treatment (LOT) delivered via Webex videoconferencing program. Marginal benefits to treatment were calculated as the change in Western Aphasia Battery-Revised (WAB-R) score pre- and post-treatment and marginal cost of treatment was calculated as the relationship between change in WAB-R aphasia quotient (AQ) and the average cost per treatment. Controlling for demographic variables, Bayesian estimation evaluated the primary contributors to WAB-R change and assessed cost-effectiveness of treatment by aphasia type. Results Thirteen out of 18 participants experienced significant improvement in WAB-R AQ following telerehabilitation delivered therapy. Compared to anomic aphasia (reference group), those with conduction aphasia had relatively similar levels of improvement whereas those with Broca’s aphasia had smaller improvement. Those with global aphasia had the largest improvement. Each one-point of improvement cost between US$89 and US$864 for those who improved (mean = US$200) depending on aphasia type/severity. Discussion Individuals with severe aphasia may have the greatest gains per unit cost from treatment. Both improvement magnitude and the cost per unit of improvement were driven by aphasia type, severity and race. Economies of scale to aphasia treatment–cost may be minimized by treating a variety of types of aphasia at various levels of severity.

Relationship among social tactics, job embeddedness, and affective commitment in newcomers: the moderating effect of workplace spirituality

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Hsien-Long Huang ◽  
Li-Keng Cheng ◽  
Pi-Chuan Sun ◽  
Yi Shiuan Jiang ◽  
Hsin Hua Lin
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Affective Commitment ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
Workplace Spirituality ◽  
Job Embeddedness ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Employee Survey ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The cost of recruitment and training of newcomers can be a burden for enterprises, causing adverse effects on human resources management. Although much research has addressed employee turnover, less attention has been paid to methods of improving the retention of new hires. This study is an empirical examination of the increase in predictive strength of antecedents of affective commitment for comparing newcomers’ workplace spirituality. The results of an employee survey completed by 237 newcomers with under two years of work experience indicate that socialization tactics have a direct impact on job embeddedness, which in turn has a direct effect on affective commitment. Workplace spirituality has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between socialization tactics and job embeddedness. Also, workplace spirituality has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between job embeddedness and affective commitment.

scholarly journals Commonalities and Differences of Cluster Policy of Asian Countries; Discussion on Cluster Open Innovation

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Michał Kowalski ◽  
Marta Mackiewicz
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Cluster Formation ◽  
Cluster Structure ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Cluster Policy ◽  
Cluster Development

The article aims at investigating the commonalities and differences between cluster policies in selected East Asian and Southeast Asian countries: Thailand, Singapore, South Korea, and China, to outline the Asian model of a cluster policy. Clusters play a significant role in the economic development of these countries, and some practical experiences from Asia may be used to shape the cluster policy in the recovery process after the COVID-19 pandemic. The conducted research contributes to a better understanding of the cluster formation process, cluster development, and policy aims in the analyzed countries. In Singapore and South Korea, which are among the most innovative countries in the global economy, cluster policy is to a great extent part of innovation policy, focusing on facilitating the networking and cooperation between science and business, the flow of knowledge, transfer of technology, and developing innovative technologies of key economic importance. In China and Thailand, which are developing countries, there is a much stronger role of foreign direct investments, which take the central place in the cluster structure. However, one common characteristic of cluster development patterns in all the analyzed countries is a top-down approach, where clusters are emerging and developing mostly as a result of governmental decisions and public programs.

Investigating the Relationship between Company Competitiveness and Environmental Regulation in European Food Processing: Results of a Matched Firm Comparison

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1585-1602 ◽  
Author(s):  
D M W N Hitchens ◽  
J E Birnie ◽  
A McGowan ◽  
U Triebswetter ◽  
A Cottica
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Environmental Costs ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Regulation Costs

The authors use a method of matched-plant comparisons between food processing firms in Germany, Italy, Northern Ireland, and the Republic of Ireland to investigate the relationship between environmental regulation and company competitiveness across the European Union. Comparative competitiveness was indicated by measures of value-added per employee, physical productivity, export share, and employment growth. The cost of water supply (public or well), effluent treatment (in-plant treatment and/or sewerage system), and disposal of sludge and packaging were also compared. Total environmental costs in Germany, Italy, and Ireland were small: usually less than 1% of turnover. Compared with the Irish firms, German companies had relatively high environmental costs as well as productivity levels. There was, however, a lack of a clear relationship between company competitiveness and the size of regulation costs: in Ireland and Italy environmental costs were similar but German firms had much higher productivity; compared with German counterparts, Italian firms had lower environmental costs but higher productivity.

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