scholarly journals VISCOMETRY OF NANODISPERSE MAGNETIC LIQUIDS AND LUBRICATING OILS. 1. INSTRUMENTATION FOR RHEOLOGICAL STUDIES OF MAGNETIC NANODISPERSE LIQUID MEDIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
Александр Николаевич Болотов ◽  
Ольга Олеговна Новикова
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Viscosity Coefficient ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Magnetic Nanofluids ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Анализ литературных источников показывает, что существующие вискозиметры не всегда и не полностью могут обеспечить комплексные исследования магнитных наножидкостей для научных и практических целей. Разработана конструкция магнитного ротационного вискозиметра, на котором исследования могут проводиться в широком диапазоне значений индукции магнитного поля. Магнитное поле в приборе направлено ортогонально напряжению сдвига и может изменяться от нуля до 1,7·10 А/м. Прибор имеет два измерительных зазора заполненных жидкостью, что повышает точность результатов исследований маловязких жидкостей. Вискозиметр позволяет измерять стандартные характеристики магнитных наножидкостей (коэффициент вязкости, пластическая вязкость, предельное напряжение сдвига и др.), а также изучать структурные особенности жидкостей при сдвиговых напряжениях. Скорость сдвига в жидкости может стабильно поддерживаться в широком диапазоне (1 ÷5)·10 с. Вязкость исследуемых жидкостей может изменяться от 10 Па·с до ≈ 10 Па·с. Для исследований на вискозиметре требуется небольшое количество магнитной наножидкости объемом около 3,5 см. Математическое описание процесса ламинарного течения жидкости в кольцевом зазоре вискозиметра позволило оптимизировать его геометрические размеры и получить формулы для расчета коэффициента вязкости, напряжения сдвига и скорости сдвига, используя экспериментальные данные. Analysis of the literature sources shows that the existing viscometers are not always and not completely able to provide comprehensive studies of magnetic nanofluids for scientific and practical purposes. Design has been developed of a magnetic rotary viscometer which makes it possible to carry out investigations in a wide range of the magnetic field induction. The magnetic field in the device is directed orthogonally to the shear stress and can vary from zero to 1,7·10 A/m. The device has two measuring gaps filled with liquid, that increases the accuracy of the results of studies of low-viscosity liquids. The viscometer allows you to measure the standard characteristics of magnetic nanofluids (viscosity coefficient, plastic viscosity, ultimate shear stress, etc.), as well as to study the structural features of liquids under shear stresses. The shear rate in the liquid can be stably maintained in a wide range of (1÷5)·10 c. The viscosity of the studied liquids can vary from 10 Pa·s to ≈10 Pa·s. For studies on a viscometer, a small amount of magnetic nanofluid with a volume of about 3,5 cm is required. Using experimental data, the mathematical description of the process of laminar fluid flow in the annular gap of the viscometer made it possible to optimize its geometric dimensions and obtain formulas for calculating the viscosity coefficient, shear stress and shear rate.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHAIN STRUCTURES AND VISCOSITY IN THE MAGNETO-RHEOLOGICAL SUSPENSIONS STABLE DISPERSING DIFFERENT CONCENTRATION OF IRON PARTICLES WITH SMECTITE

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (17n18) ◽  
pp. 2364-2370 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. SHIBAYAMA ◽  
T. MIYAZAKI ◽  
T. OTOMO ◽  
T. FUJITA ◽  
K. SHIMADA
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Hall Probe ◽  
Magnetic Field Direction ◽  
Iron Particles ◽  
Mr Fluid ◽  
Volume Percentage ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Different concentration of spherical iron particles (7 to 8 μm) are dispersed in silicone oil to increase the stability with smectite. The concentration of iron particles is maintained between 2 and 40 volume %. The solenoid coil surrounding the cylinders applies the magnetic field in the longitudinal direction of cylinder, when the cylindrical viscometer is employed. As the magnetic field increases, the diameter of chain structure also increases. The shear stress versus shear rate is proportional relation since the viscosity enlarges as the magnetic field increases at small concentration of iron in MR fluid. Additionally, the more increase of the magnetic field strength caused the decrease of the shear stresses at large concentration of iron in MR fluid, while the share rate is increased for the open system of the cylinders. It is assumed that wider clusters or wider chain structures are partly produced in the cylinder under the certain magnetic field. Therefore, the shear stress is not uniformly increased. On the other hand, when the cone and plate viscometer is used, the magnetic field direction is perpendicular to the flow direction. The shear stress versus share rate behaves like a Bingham fluid type under the effect of the magnetic field. As increasing the iron particles volume %, the chain structures cannot increase and make other ring type structures. When the magnetic field is measured by hall probe, the magnetic field decreased at some amount of volume percentage of iron suspension because of shield effect.

Dynamic Association between Artery Shear flow Condition and Platelet Cytosolic Free Ca2+ Concentration in Human Hypertension

1990 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 613-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Levenson ◽  
Marie-Aude Devynck ◽  
Isabelle Pithois-Merli ◽  
Kim Hanh Le Quan Sang ◽  
Vincenzo Filitti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Membrane Stretching ◽  
Positive Correlations

1. Blood cells and vascular endothelial cells are subjected to a wide range of haemodynamically generated shear stress forces. In vitro, membrane stretching or shear stress have been observed to activate ion channels and cell metabolism and to facilitate erythrocyte and platelet aggregation. 2. The present study was designed to evaluate the participation of shear stresses in the control of apparent platelet cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration in hypertensive patients. 3. Shear conditions and platelet cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration in vitro were studied after a dynamic perturbation induced by 3 months of double-blind treatment with one of two β-antagonists, carteolol and atenolol. Brachial artery wall shear rate and stress were estimated by means of a pulsed Doppler velocimeter, and blood viscosity was measured by a co-axial viscometer at a shear rate of 96 s−1. Platelet cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration was simultaneously measured by using the Quin-2 fluorescent chelator. The direct effect of atenolol and carteolol on platelet cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration in vitro was also measured after addition of the β-blockers to plateletrich plasma. 4. Atenolol and carteolol decreased blood pressure similarly but their effects on shear rate (P < 0.02), shear stress (P < 0.01) and platelet cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration (P < 0.05) differed after 3 months of therapy. In contrast, neither of the drugs significantly altered platelet cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration, in vitro per se. 5. In the overall population, strong positive correlations existed not only between changes in platelet cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration and those in shear rate (r = 0.81, P < 0.001) and shear stress (r = 0.83, P < 0.001), but also between their absolute values, suggesting a possible haemodynamic shear-dependent modulation of transmembrane Ca2+ transport.

Monte Carlo calculation of the energy parameters and spatial distribution of the cathodic arc ions while passing through the macro-particles filters

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Chernogor ◽  
Igor Blinkov ◽  
Alexey Volkhonskiy
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Monte Carlo Calculation ◽  
Inhomogeneous Magnetic Field ◽  
Flow Energy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Field Concentrator ◽  
Cathodic Arc ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The flow, energy distribution and concentrations profiles of Ti ions in cathodic arc are studied by test particle Monte Carlo simulations with considering the mass transfer through the macro-particles filters with inhomogeneous magnetic field. The loss of ions due to their deposition on filter walls was calculated as a function of electric current and number of turns in the coil. The magnetic field concentrator that arises in the bending region of the filters leads to increase the loss of the ions component of cathodic arc. The ions loss up to 80 % of their energy resulted by the paired elastic collisions which correspond to the experimental results. The ion fluxes arriving at the surface of the substrates during planetary rotating of them opposite the evaporators mounted to each other at an angle of 120° characterized by the wide range of mutual overlapping.

scholarly journals No-z Model for Magnetic Fields of Different Astrophysical Objects and Stability of the Solutions

Data ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Evgeny Mikhailov ◽  
Daniela Boneva ◽  
Maria Pashentseva
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Accretion Discs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Astrophysical Objects ◽  
Alpha Effect ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Magnetic Field

A wide range of astrophysical objects, such as the Sun, galaxies, stars, planets, accretion discs etc., have large-scale magnetic fields. Their generation is often based on the dynamo mechanism, which is connected with joint action of the alpha-effect and differential rotation. They compete with the turbulent diffusion. If the dynamo is intensive enough, the magnetic field grows, else it decays. The magnetic field evolution is described by Steenbeck—Krause—Raedler equations, which are quite difficult to be solved. So, for different objects, specific two-dimensional models are used. As for thin discs (this shape corresponds to galaxies and accretion discs), usually, no-z approximation is used. Some of the partial derivatives are changed by the algebraic expressions, and the solenoidality condition is taken into account as well. The field generation is restricted by the equipartition value and saturates if the field becomes comparable with it. From the point of view of mathematical physics, they can be characterized as stable points of the equations. The field can come to these values monotonously or have oscillations. It depends on the type of the stability of these points, whether it is a node or focus. Here, we study the stability of such points and give examples for astrophysical applications.

The role of slow magnetostrophic waves in dipole formation in rapidly rotating dynamos

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Varma ◽  
Binod Sreenivasan
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Dipole Field ◽  
Wave Frequency ◽  
Alfven Wave ◽  
Inertial Waves ◽  
Axial Dipole ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Magnetic Field

&lt;p&gt;It is known that the columnar structures in rapidly rotating convection are affected by the magnetic field in ways that enhance their helicity. This may explain the dominance of the axial dipole in rotating dynamos. Dynamo simulations starting from a small seed magnetic field have shown that the growth of the field is accompanied by the excitation of convection in the energy-containing length scales. Here, this process is studied by examining axial wave motions in the growth phase of the dynamo for a wide range of thermal forcing. In the early stages of evolution where the field is weak, fast inertial waves weakly modified by the magnetic field are abundantly present. As the field strength(measured by the ratio of the Alfven wave to the inertial wave frequency) exceeds a threshold value, slow magnetostrophic waves are spontaneously generated. The excitation of the slow waves coincides with the generation of helicity through columnar motion, and is followed by the formation of the axial dipole from a chaotic, multipolar state. In strongly driven convection, the slow wave frequency is attenuated, causing weakening of the axial dipole intensity. Kinematic dynamo simulations at the same parameters, where only fast inertial waves are present, fail to produce the axial dipole field. The dipole field in planetary dynamos may thus be supported by the helicity from slow magnetostrophic waves.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Research on convective heat transfer characteristics of Fe3O4magnetic nanofluids under vertical magnetic field

2021 ◽  
pp. 151-151
Author(s):  
Ruihao Zhang ◽  
Sixian Wang ◽  
Shan Qing ◽  
Zhumei Luo ◽  
Zhang Xiaohui
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Convective Heat Transfer ◽  
Magnetic Field Strength ◽  
Convective Heat ◽  
Heat Transfer Characteristics ◽  
Magnetic Nanofluids ◽  
The Magnetic Field

This paper focuses on the convective heat transfer characteristics of Fe3O4 /Water magnetic nanofluids under laminar and turbulent conditions. After verifying the accuracy of the experimental apparatus, the effects of magnetic field strength, concentration, Reynolds number and temperature on the convective heat transfer coefficient have been studied. The convective heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids under laminar and turbulent flow conditions were studied in depth, and the influence of each factor on the heat transfer coefficient was analyzed by orthogonal experimental design method. Under the laminar flow conditions, the convective heat transfer of magnetic nanofluids performed best when the Reynolds number was 2000, the magnetic field strength was 600, the temperature was 30? and the concentration was 2%. And the convective heat transfer coefficient (h) increased by 3.96% than the distilled water in the same conditions. In turbulent state, the convective heat transfer of magnetic nanofluids performed the best when the Re was 6000, the magnetic field strength was 600, the temperature was 40? and the concentration was 2%. The h increased by 11.31% than the distilled water in the same Reynolds number and the magnetic field strength conditions.

scholarly journals Decaying turbulence and magnetic fields in galaxy clusters

2019 ◽  
Vol 488 (3) ◽  
pp. 3439-3445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharanya Sur
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Galaxy Clusters ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Dynamo Action ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Major Merger ◽  
Decaying Turbulence ◽  
Field Decay ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Abstract We explore the decay of turbulence and magnetic fields generated by fluctuation dynamo action in the context of galaxy clusters where such a decaying phase can occur in the aftermath of a major merger event. Using idealized numerical simulations that start from a kinetically dominated regime we focus on the decay of the steady state rms velocity and the magnetic field for a wide range of conditions that include varying the compressibility of the flow, the forcing wavenumber, and the magnetic Prandtl number. Irrespective of the compressibility of the flow, both the rms velocity and the rms magnetic field decay as a power law in time. In the subsonic case we find that the exponent of the power law is consistent with the −3/5 scaling reported in previous studies. However, in the transonic regime both the rms velocity and the magnetic field initially undergo rapid decay with an ≈t−1.1 scaling with time. This is followed by a phase of slow decay where the decay of the rms velocity exhibits an ≈−3/5 scaling in time, while the rms magnetic field scales as ≈−5/7. Furthermore, analysis of the Faraday rotation measure (RM) reveals that the Faraday RM also decays as a power law in time ≈t−5/7; steeper than the ∼t−2/5 scaling obtained in previous simulations of magnetic field decay in subsonic turbulence. Apart from galaxy clusters, our work can have potential implications in the study of magnetic fields in elliptical galaxies.

scholarly journals Magnetic Rayleigh–Taylor instability at a contact discontinuity with an oblique magnetic field

2020 ◽  
Vol 634 ◽  
pp. A96
Author(s):  
E. Vickers ◽  
I. Ballai ◽  
R. Erdélyi
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dispersion Relation ◽  
Contact Discontinuity ◽  
Homogeneous Magnetic Field ◽  
Taylor Instability ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rayleigh Taylor Instability ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Theoretical Results

Aims. We investigate the nature of the magnetic Rayleigh–Taylor instability at a density interface that is permeated by an oblique homogeneous magnetic field in an incompressible limit. Methods. Using the system of linearised ideal incompressible magnetohydrodynamics equations, we derive the dispersion relation for perturbations of the contact discontinuity by imposing the necessary continuity conditions at the interface. The imaginary part of the frequency describes the growth rate of waves due to instability. The growth rate of waves is studied by numerically solving the dispersion relation. Results. The critical wavenumber at which waves become unstable, which is present for a parallel magnetic field, disappears because the magnetic field is inclined. Instead, waves are shown to be unstable for all wavenumbers. Theoretical results are applied to diagnose the structure of the magnetic field in prominence threads. When we apply our theoretical results to observed waves in prominence plumes, we obtain a wide range of field inclination angles, from 0.5° up to 30°. These results highlight the diagnostic possibilities that our study offers.

Magnetic Ordering of Perovskite-Like La-, Nd-, and Gd-Doped Bismuth Ferrite

MRS Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (36) ◽  
pp. 1989-1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valery Sobol ◽  
Barys Korzun ◽  
Olga Mazurenko ◽  
Temirkhan Bizhigitov ◽  
Sabit Tomaev
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Exchange Interaction ◽  
Bismuth Ferrite ◽  
Magnetic Ordering ◽  
Solid State Reaction Method ◽  
Nonlinear Dependence ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pure Grade ◽  
The Magnetic Field

ABSTRACTBismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) and La-, Nd- and Gd-substituted bismuth ferrite of the Bi1-xLaxFeO3, Bi1-xNdxFeO3, and Bi1-xGdxFeO3 types with the atomic part of the substitution element x equal up to 0.20 were synthesized by the solid-state reaction method using powders of oxides Bi2O3, Fe2O3, and La2O3, or Nd2O3, or Gd2O3 of pure grade quality and investigated using X-ray diffraction analysis. The magnetization was measured in the magnetic field up to 6.5⋅106 A/m at 5 and 300 K. It was found that the total substitution up to 0.20 atomic part of Bi by La, Nd, and Gd leads to the paramagnetic behavior of the doped bismuth ferrite at low temperatures in a wide range of magnetic field. Strong nonlinear dependence of magnetization on the magnetic field was detected and a ferromagnetic-like dependence of magnetization was observed for small magnetic fields. This can be explained by the exchange interaction between doping magnetic ions, as well as by the exchange interaction of these ions with ions of iron. The enhancement of magnetic properties with the increase of the content of the substitution is monotone and is more pronounced for the Bi1-xGdxFeO3 ceramics.

scholarly journals Magnetospheric Processes Possibly Related to the Origin of Cosmic Rays

1981 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 373-391
Author(s):  
Gerhard Haerendel
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Acceleration Process ◽  
Dayside Magnetopause ◽  
Field Lines ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Auroral Particles

Two processes are discussed which violate the frozen-in condition in a highly conducting plasma, reconnection and the auroral acceleration process. The first applies to situations in which . It plays an important role in the interaction of the solar wind with the Earth's magnetic field and controls energy input into as well as energetic particle release from the magnetosphere. Detailed in situ studies of the process on the dayside magnetopause reveal its transient and small-scale nature. The auroral acceleration process occurs in the low magnetosphere (β « 1) and accompanies sudden releases of magnetic shear stresses which exist in large-scale magnetospheric-ionospheric current circuits. The process is interpreted as a kind of breaking. The movements of the magnetospheric plasma which lead to a relief of the magnetic tensions occur in thin sheets and are decoupled along the magnetic field lines by parallel electric potential drops. It is this voltage that accelerates the primary auroral particles. The visible arcs are then traces of the magnetic breaking process at several 1000 km altitude.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document