scholarly journals NON-INTENTIONAL COMPONENTS OF INTENTIONAL PHENOMENOLOGY

Author(s):  
Иван Александрович Авдеев

В статье проблематизируются аспекты гуссерлевской феноменологии, которые становятся отправной точкой для новых феноменологических теорий. Эти теории преодолевают затруднения, с которыми сталкивается классическая феноменология, такие как данность истины, историчность субъекта и «пустые» интенции. Неклассические теории предлагают свое дополнительное поле рассмотрения, в котором данность феномена необязательно носит интенциональный характер. Наиболее значимыми из них являются концепция «Другого» Э. Левинаса и «насыщенный феномен» Ж-Л. Мариона. Показано, что данные проекты позволяют работать с новыми классами феноменов. The paper questions some aspects of Husserlian phenomenology which have become a starting point for new phenomenological theories. These theories overcome difficulties of the classic phenomenology, such as: the givenness of the truth, historicity of the subject and «empty» intentions. Non-classical theories offer their own additional field of inquiry, where the given of the phenomenon isn't necessarily of intentional character. Among them, most substantial are conceptions of «The Other» by E. Levinas and «saturated phenomenon» by J.-L. Marion. The paper shows that these projects allow us to work with new kinds of phenomena.

MELINTAS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-79
Author(s):  
Hadrianus Tedjoworo

Givenness is probably an odd term in methodology, but not in phenomenology. The long history of subjectivism in philosophy faces confrontations from Derrida's deconstruction. This history also results in a sort of mutual exclusion between philosophy and theology. The concept of the subject becomes a problem for both, but frequently it is safeguarded for the sake of a more universal 'objectivity'. The phenomenological tendency towards phenomenon, more than towards the experiencing subject and more than anything regarded as object, provokes some philosophical focus on the emancipation of the phenomena. Marion pushes phenomenology to its limits, to the extent that he is suspected of undermining the role of the subject in contemporary philosophical discourse. He reacts to Derrida's deconstruction, which was also criticised for not offering a way out of the labyrinth from the collapse of traditional thoughts. Marion is quite consistent with his phenomenology, namely in offering a way out for the subject to be a witness, and reminds that philosophy should be more appreciative of phenomena. The term saturated phenomenon represents his philosophical thinking that can be regarded as a methodological approach to respect, and not to dominate, reality. Being a witness is not the same as playing a critic on reality. This could be a useful stance for philosophers as well as theologians in the presence of the phenomena they cannot master, namely, the given phenomena.


2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 151-176

This paper is an attempt to construct a new phenomenology that will be able to bring us back to things themselves, as Edmund Husserl had promised to his students. Such a phenomenology seeks to reveal and describe phenomena and the conditions of givenness which presuppose a failure of the subject’s capacity for representation and therefore permits an apprehension of something that exists as radically external to the subject. Description of such phenomena paves the way to undermining correlationism from the inside, and a phenomenology of this kind therefore feeds into what is termed speculative realism. Thе paper takes as a starting point Dylan Trigg’s phenomenology of horror, although it lacks a conceptual analysis of horrifying phenomena, and brings Jean-Luc Marion’s concept of a saturated phenomenon to bear on the conceptual analysis of horrifying phenomena. In addition to a phenomenology of horror, the paper also argues for an escape from correlationism by analyzing the feeling of anxiety. By means of a critical analysis of Vladimir Bibikhin’s translation of Martin Heidegger’s Being and Time, the paper establishes a phenomenological distinction between anxiety and horror. The phenomenon of one’s own death is analyzed as a fundamental phenomenon of anxiety. The analysis of the phenomenon of one’s own death introduces the new concept of a perverse phenomenon, which complements Marion’s classification of all possible phenomena. The paper erects a conceptual scheme to describe feelings of horror and anxiety, further analysis of which will enable phenomenology to transition from the life of consciousness to reality-as-it-is. The paper’s concludes with an indication of the phenomena of contemporary culture that should become primary objects of a realistic phenomenology of horror and anxiety.


Author(s):  
Scott Barry Kaufman

One school fixed its attention upon the importance of the subject-matter of the curriculum as compared with the contents of the child’s own experience. Not so, says the other school. The child is the starting point, the center, and the end. His development, his growth, is the ideal. Not knowledge, but self-realization is the goal....


1853 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-245
Author(s):  
Henry How

The study of the organic acids appears scarcely to have advanced of late years pari passu with the other branches of organic chemistry. It seems, indeed, as if the development of each of the different departments of the science had been, to a certain extent, periodical; each engrossing the labours of investigators to the temporary exclusion of the others, themselves to be renewed when some new experiments should reawaken an interest in them.However this may be, the subject of the natural and artificial bases has proved so productive of interesting results as to have recently become the chosen and almost exclusive field of inquiry, notwithstanding several investigations which have thrown much light on one class of organic acids, namely, that represented by the general formula Cn Hn O4. With the exception of this section, the history of the organic acids remains very imperfect, and in many cases we have but a meagre account of a few of their salts.


2021 ◽  
pp. 191-205
Author(s):  
Tomasz Nawracała

The long pontificate of John Paul II was a time for the Church to continue reflecting on the fundamental themes that constitute the identity of the community of Christ’s disciples. Among many subjects, the priesthood appears to be a special topic: on the one hand, through the pope himself and his pastoral activity, and on the other - through a series of documents devoted to the priesthood. This article will present the person of Christ as a priest since it is the starting point for reflection on the priesthood as such. In the mind of the Polish Pope, Christ is the only priest who connects His priesthood with the sacrifice on the cross. This sacrifice includes the perfection of mediation between God and people, and simultaneously, the completion of what Christ possesses eternally as the Son. Sonship, mediation and the priesthood are topics that should be considered together as they not only interpenetrate but also complement each other. Such a broad approach to the subject, however, is limited to the analysis of the Letters to priests for Maundy Thursday.


Temida ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Savic

Ecofeminism, as a socio- political movement/ ideology, emphasizes the conceptual connections between oppression against woman and oppression against nature. On the other hand, environmental crime victims are the subject matter of green victimology, which defines environmental crime in the wider sense, so that it consists not only of criminal offences, but also of all the non-incriminated ecologically harmful acts. As its victims mostly appear to be women, nature/ ecosystems, animals and vulnerable groups, therefore ecofeminism serves as the fundamental theory in exposing the andocentric context of their victimization. Taking that as a starting point, an overview of the victimological patterns and roots of victimization by environmental crime, as it is defined in green victimology, is presented in the paper. This is done from an ecofeminist perspective. The focus is on the most frequent victims of environmental crime - woman and animal. The objective is to find certain common denominators of their victimological patterns and roots of victimization in order to make proposals for a more adequate response to their victimization.


Artifex Novus ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Ponińska

Punkt wyjścia artykułu stanowią dwa zbliżone kompozycyjnie obrazy, znajdujące się w kościołach w Pęcicach i Kurdwanowie na Mazowszu. Wzory ikonograficzne obu przedstawień zostały odnalezione w twórczości Carlo Maratty. Temat był tak popularny, ze podejmowany był i realizowany w różnych wersjach: rysunkowej (Louvre), graficznej (przez m.in. Pietera Schencka, Gérarda Edelincka, Francesco Bartolozziego i Johanna Jakoba Frey’a I), a przykłady kompozycji malarskich można odnaleźć w Genui (dzieło samego Carla Maratty), Rzymie (obraz Agostina Mascucci – ucznia Maratty) i w Kanadzie (Victoria). Podobny temat, ale różniący się kompozycyjnie, był podejmowany przez różnych artystów, a oryginał znajduje się w rzymskich Muzeach Kapitolińskich. Kolejne przedstawienie autorstwa Maratty również było powtarzane w grafice (Francesco Bartolozzi). Przykłady malarskich kopii możemy też odnaleźć w Polsce: we Włocławku i Grochowalsku oraz w klasztorze przy kościele św. Kazimierza w Warszawie. Dwie kolejne wersje (różniące się profilem św. Józefa) zachowały się na terenie województwa lubelskiego. Pierwsza,  namalowana przez Kazimierza Wojniakowskiego, znajduje się w ołtarzu głównym kościoła w Włostowicach na przedmieściach Puław. Ze względu na lokalizację, dzieło to powinno być łączone z dworem księcia Czartoryskiego, jednym z najświetniejszych centrów artystycznych w Polsce u schyłku XVIII w. Druga kopia, o niższej wartości artystycznej, znajduje się w parafii w Kurowie.   Depictions of the Holy Family Modelled on Carlo Maratta’s Compositions The starting point for this article were two paintings of a very similar composition. They are to be found in two Mazovian churches, one in Pęcice and the other in Kurdwanów. The iconographic origins of both depictions are to be found in Carlo Maratta’s works. The rendering of the subject turned out to be so popular that it bore fruit in numerous versions. It appears as a drawn version (Louvre), and as a graphical version (for example:Pieter Schenck, Gérard Edelinck, Francesco Bartolozzi, and Johann Jakob Frey I). Examples of paintings that repeat these or similar renderings of this subject can be seen in Genoa (a painting by Carlo Maratta himself), Rome (a painting by Agostino Masucci – Maratta’s pupil), and in Canada (Victoria). A similar subject, but of a different compositional arrangement, was undertaken by the same artist, and his original work is housed in the Capitoline Museums, Rome. This second rendering by Carlo Maratta has also been repeated in graphical versions (Francesco Bartolozzi). Examples of his painted copies can also be seen in Poland (Włocławek and Grochowalsk), and at a convent attached to St. Casimir Church in Warsaw. Two other versions, with a different profile of St. Joseph, are to be found in the Lublin Voivodeship. One is at the main altar of a church in Włostowice, a suburb of Puławy, which was painted by Kazimierz Wojniakowski. On account of its location it should be associated with the Prince Czartoryski court, one of the most outstanding artistic centers in Poland of the end of the 18th century. The other copy, of less artistic value, is to be found in the parish church of Kurów.


2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Givi AMAGHLOBELI

The aim of the given work is to identify and classify the types of political discourses that (may) exist in any particular society. Compared to existing definitions and classifications, our purpose serves a practical goal of schematic classification of political discourses. The article intends to give a starting point for a general classification and typology that will be elaborated within the framework of future research, as typology of discourse specimens is the least developed area of the field (van Dijk, 1997). Definitions/typologies that have been made until now are more of a theoretical character and, therefore, it would be useful to create more concrete mental pictures (expressed in the forms of schemata) that will enable us to operate easier with the concepts discussed while studying the subject. The article starts with the general definition of the term(s) and links the concept of discourse to other concepts like narrative, frame, ideology, discursive strategy. As we try to show the ideology/narrative/discourse link, formulation of corresponding schemes also gain importance in order to have a clearer mental picture of the above mentioned correlation. In parallel with the above mentioned points we also emphasize correlation between the dominant / secondary discourses with specific focus on ideological differences/power struggle. 


1933 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 200-209
Author(s):  
A. R. Crathorne

A statistical inquiry is usually made up of three parts, first the collection of the data, second, the analysis of the data and third, its interpretation for the particular purpose in view. The first and third stages depend almost entirely upon the field of investigation. Biological data should be collected and interpreted by a biologist. The collection of economic data should be planned by economists and interpreted by one well acquainted with the field of inquiry. The second stage on the other hand, is in general common to all fields. Whatever may be the subject matter the mathematical analysis has in a great degree the same essential features. Lack of appreciation of this three-fold problem of statistics has led to some extremely doubtful results in statistical analysis. No amount of mathematical training and ability can take the place of the judgment and common sense that comes from a thorough knowledge of the field in which the problem lies. On the other hand much time and energy may be wasted in the analysis of data by lack of understanding of the fundamentals of the mathematical processes used in the investigation. This is usually exhibited in the blind use of formulas without realization of the assumptions and limitations used in their derivation.


Open Theology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 450-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian-Răzvan Șandru

AbstractMy goal in this paper is to investigate the role of the subject in Jean-Luc Marion’s phenomenology aided by his interpretation of the Kantian categories in ‟Being Given” and ‟In Excess”. I shall relate Marion’s hypothetical saturation of the Kantian categories to the suspension of the I-identity. The inner mechanism of this suspension will be shown to consist in a critical resistance to an excessive intuition that is defined by a failed attempt at the conceptualizing of intuitions. This failure shall manifest the saturated phenomenon as a counter-experience. The critical resistance to an excessive intuition acts as a temporary activity of the subject leading to its role as interpreter inscribed in an infinite hermeneutic. Based on this I argue that Marion’s subject is not destroyed by an excessive intuition but is only called upon to investigate a phenomenon from a multitude of perspectives. I hold this to be of the essence for Marion, as it explains the possibility of interpreting and experiencing the given as a given during the encounter with the given in which both the subject as well as the given become manifest. I shall argue thus that the recourse to Kant further clarifies Marion’s account of a critical, resistant subject. However, this does not mean that I am arguing for Kant’s categories, but that I hold them to have an important explanatory role for Marion’s phenomenology.


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