scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF MIXED CROPPING OF CABBAGE AND MUSTARD ON WEED DYNAMICS AND YIELD OF POTATO (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-76
Author(s):  
Ram Babu Neupane ◽  
Rupak Karn ◽  
Sagar Bhusal ◽  
Bhishma Raj Dahal ◽  
Ritesh Kumar Jha
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Mixed Cropping ◽  
Net Production ◽  
Factor Effect ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Weed Dynamics ◽  
Ecological Weed Management

A field experiment was conducted in Horticulture farm of Agriculture and Forestry University, Chitwan, Nepal during September 2018 to January 2019 to evaluate the influence of mixed cropping of cabbage and mustard in weed dynamics and yield of potato. The experiment was carried out in a split-plot design with three replications. The treatment consists of with mustard (M1) and without mustard (M2) as main plot factor and eight treatments namely, sole potato at 0.7m (T1) and 1.4m (T5) inter-row spacing, sole cabbage at 0.35m (T2) and 0.7m (T3) inter-row spacing, potato at 1.4 m row spacing with one (T4), two (T7) and three (T8) row cabbage, and potato at 0.7m row spacing with one-row cabbage (T6), as subplot factor. Effect of broadcasting mustard was found significant in the dry weight of broadleaf weed, the height of cabbage and potato, cabbage canopy, and net production of potato. Net production was calculated by converting the yield of all the three crops in the monetary value of potato. Similarly, the effect of different intercropping of cabbage and potato was found significant on cabbage and potato height, cabbage canopy, dry weight of weed, the yield of cabbage and potato, and net production of potato. The interaction of main plot factors and sub-plot factors was found statistically significant; mustard broadcasting on intercropping of 35cm cabbage within 70cm row to row spacing of potato (M1×T6) was found superior in terms of yield of all the three crops and net production of potato. Similarly, (M1×T6) had a lower dry weight of broadleaf; Solanum nigrum and Chenopodium album were major weeds—both being a broadleaf weed. Thus, it would be better to suggest vegetable growing farmers, to follow mixed cropping of cabbage, mustard and potato for higher return and sustainable ecological weed management.

scholarly journals Shallot Growth and Yields Based on Ammonium:Nitrate Ratio on Coastal Sandy Soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 064
Author(s):  
Wiji Safitri ◽  
Endang Sulistyaningsih ◽  
Benito Heru Purwanto ◽  
Stephen Harper
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Plot Design

Nitrogen was a key component for increasing yield and quality of vegetables like shallots. The growth and development of plants were influenced by nitrogen form. Common plants preferred nitrate for growth, but the enormity preference varies within plant species and other environmental factors. The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of ammonium:nitrate ratio in sandy soil to growth and yield of shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group). The experiment had been conducted in August-October 2015 in the sandy land on Samas Beach, Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The research was arranged in a Split-Plot design. The main plot was the source of nitrogen (NH4+; NO3-; NH4+: NO3- 1:1; NH4+: NO3- 1:2; and NH4+: NO3- 2:1) and the subplot was cultivars (Crok Kuning, Tiron, and Bima Brebes). Each subplot covered an area of 2.5 m² (2.5 m x 1 m) with three blocks as replications. Shallot bulbs were planted in sixth-row, spacing 20 cm between rows and 15 cm within rows. The dose was applied according to the recommendation of BPTP (urea 200 kg ha-1, ZA 250 kg ha-1, SP-36 150 kg ha-1, and KCl 150 kg ha-1) 144.5 kg N ha-1. Ammonium:nitrate ratio influenced shallot growth in sandy soil through number of leaves at maximum vegetative phase and its leaf area. The NH4+: NO3- 1:2 ratio gave the best result in dry weight of leaves following bulb dry weight than other ratio. Nevertheless, ammonium:nitrate ratio had no significant influence on bulb dry weight (ton ha-1).

Influence of integrated weed management on weed dynamics and productivity of chili

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
RP JAISWAL ◽  
DHANANJAI SINGH ◽  
AK NAIDU
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Yield Enhancement ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Paddy Straw ◽  
Weed Dynamics ◽  
Dry Fruit

A field experiment was carried out at Vegetable Research Farm, Mahrajpur, Department of Horticulture, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.) to study the efficacy of different herbicides and mulches against weeds in chili, It was recorded that dominant weed flora in the experiment was Eragrostis cillansis and Cyperus rotindus among monocot weeds, Chenopodium album, Melilotus alba, Anagallis aruensis and Parthenium hysterophorus among dicot weeds. Highest weed density of all the weed species, dry weed biomass were recorded in weedy check plots. Pendimethalin @ 1.5 l/ha + black polythene mulch resulted in the highest plant height (75.3 cm), number of primary branches per plant (15.66), number of fruits per plant (73.33), yield of red ripe fruit (134.7q/ha-1) and yield of dry fruit (22qha-1) followed by Pendimethalin @ 1.5 l/ha + paddy straw mulch. Therefore, pendimethalin @ 1.5 l/ha + black polythene mulch resulted in the most effective treatment in terms of weed suppression and yield enhancement of chili crop.

scholarly journals BIO-HERBICIDAL EFFICIENCY OF WITHANIA SOMNIFERA AGAINST IMPORTANT HIMALAYAN WEEDS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Mamta Sharma ◽  
Rupinder Kaur ◽  
Sunil Puri
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Withania Somnifera ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Germination And Growth

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the bioherbicidal activity of Withania somnifera against germination and growth of noxious weeds of Himalaya i.e. Ageratum coenyzoides, Chenopodium album and Achyranthus aspera in a laboratory and foliar spray bioassay which will act as a tool of weed management in the Himalayan region.Methods: Root, stem and leaf aqueous extract of Withania somnifera at 100% concentration were applied to determine their effect on the seed germination and seedling growth of tested weeds under laboratory condition. Foliar spray bioassay was carried out by spraying extracts of Withania somnifera on three-month-old seedlings of weeds for two months. Germination and growth of weeds were assessed using growth parameters into account i.e. germination percentage, stem length, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, no of shoot branches and no of root branches.Results: The results revealed that all the aqueous extracts markedly suppressed germination and seedling growth of A. coenyzoides, C. album and A. aspera. Withania extracts remarkably effected germination, the growth of Ageratum coenyzoides in comparison to other studied weeds. The leaf extract of Withania was more pronounced than stem and root extracts in germination assay. Infoliarspray bioassay, aqueous leaf extracts of 100% w/v concentrations were sprayed on three month old seedlings of weeds at an interval of 5 d. All the aqueous extracts significantly suppressed shoot length, root length, fresh weight and dry weight of Ageratum coenyzoides, Chenopodium album and Achyranthus aspera seedling. In foliar spray bioassay, leaf extract suppressed the stem length, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, no. of root branches and no of shoot branches of studied weeds more commendably than stem and root extract. The suppression of growth parameters could be attributed to the presence of phytochemicals present in the extracts of Withaniasomnifera.Conclusion: The present study concludes that Withania somnifera contain bio-herbicidal compounds in leaf, stem and root as plant extracts adversely affect weed growth of studied weeds. Henceforth the strategy bio-control of weed is a safe and effective method which could prove a milestone in weed management in Mid-Himalaya.

Weed Dynamics of Hybrid Rice under the Influence of Fertilizer Levels and Weed Management Practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Polagani Nagarjuna
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Weed Dynamics ◽  
Hand Weeding

A field experiment entitled “Weed Dynamics of Hybrid Rice under the Influence of fertilizer Levels and Weed Management Practices” was conducted during the Kharif season of 2017 at the Research Farm, TCA, Dholi, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur (BIHAR). The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with twelve treatments. Among different levels of fertilizer, application of 100 % RDF recorded a minimum number of weeds/m2 (58.36/m2), weed dry weight production (73.12 g/m2), and weed growth rate (0.024 g/m2/day). In the case of weed management practices, Hand weeding (twice) was found to be the most efficient weed control (71.32%), a minimum number of weeds/m2 (25.11/m2), weed dry weight production (21.12 g/m2) and weed growth rate (0.011 g/m2/day) but the minimum weed index (45.87%) was observed in weedy check.

Effect of weed management and sulphur on weed dynamics, soybean (Glycine max) yield and associated quality traits

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Meena ◽  
V. Nepalia ◽  
Dilip Singh ◽  
Mahendra Sharma ◽  
B. Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Weed Dynamics ◽  
Quizalofop Ethyl

A field experiment was conducted during rainy seasons of 2011 and 2012 at Udaipur to evaluate the effect of weed control and sulphur on yield and quality of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. The twenty eight treatment combinations comprising 7 weed management treatments (weedy check, pendimethalin 1.0 kg ha-1 pre- emergence, quizalofop-ethyl 50 g ha-1 and imazethapyr 100 g ha-1 post-emergence at 15 DAS, pendimethalin, quizalofop-ethyl and imazethapyr followed by hoeing and weeding at 30 DAS) in main plot and 4 rates of sulphur application (00, 20, 40 and 60 kg ha1) in sub plot were laid out in split plot design with three replications. All weed control treatments reduced weed dry matter at harvest during both the years. Pendimethalin followed by hoeing and weeding at 30 DAS was significantly superior in reducing weed dry matter of broad-leaved, narrow-leaved and total weeds at harvest over rest of the treatments. All weed control treatments significantly enhanced straw and biological yield of soybean over weedy check. Pendimethalin followed by hoeing and weeding at 30 DAS produced significantly higher pooled seed (2168 kg ha-1), straw (3167 kg ha-1) and biological (5335 kg ha-1) yields compared to other treatments. Sulphur rates had no significant effect on weed dry matter at harvest. Across the years, increasing level of S application up to 40 kg ha-1 resulted in significantly increased straw yield, biological yield and harvest index of soybean. Increasing rate of sulphur application up to 40 kg ha-1 tended to significantly increase protein and oil yield.

Effect of Organic Mulching and Early Post Emergence Herbicides on Weed Dynamics and Growth of Unpuddled Transplanted Rice

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sneha Kumari ◽  
Manoj Kumar Singh ◽  
Sripriya Das
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Weed Dynamics ◽  
Hand Weeding

Field studies were carried out in 2017 and 2018 at Agricultural Research Farm, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, to evaluate the effect of natural mulching and herbicides on weed dynamics and growth of rice. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three mulching treatments viz. no mulching, cover crop of Sesbania followed by green mulch and rice residue mulch (5 t/ ha) in main plots and five weed management treatments, viz. weedy, two hand weeding, post-emergence application of bispyribac Na 25 g/ ha, penoxsulam 30 g/ ha and tank mix bispyribac Na 25 g/ ha + pyrazosulfuron 20 g/ ha at 18 DAT in sub plots. Combination of main plot treatments and sub plot treatment allocated randomly and all the treatment combination were replicated thrice. The study revealed that mulching with Sesbania provided effective control of weeds, recorded significantly higher growth attributes and biological yield as compared to no mulching in both the years. Among weed management treatments two hand weeding resulted significant reduction in density and dry matter of weeds and increased yield which was at par with post-emergence application of penoxsulam 30 g/ha in both the years Treatment combination of surface mulching of Sesbania with two hand weeding recorded significantly higher number of tillers, as compared to other treatment combinations, it was at par with combination of surface mulching with Sesbania and post-emergence application of penoxsulam  30 g/ha and rice straw mulching and post-emergence application of penoxsulam  30 g/ha.

Effects of missing-row sowing supplemented with row spacing and nitrogen on weed competition and growth and yield of wheat

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Das ◽  
N. T. Yaduraju
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Spatial Uniformity ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Ecological Weed Management

Crop husbandry practices, i.e. sowing method, row spacing, and nitrogen (N) fertilisation, influence weed competition in a crop and play a role in ecological weed management. Missing-row sowing is a novel method of sowing wheat, with one row left unsown after several rows of continuous sowing. It affects density and spatial uniformity of wheat, which may influence the wheat plants’ competitiveness and weed suppression. It may have interactions with row spacing and N, which may further improve crop–weed balance, but is rarely studied in India or elsewhere. We undertook this study to optimise the method of missing-row sowing of wheat in combination with row spacing and N application. The results revealed that leaving 20% of rows unsown significantly reduced weed populations and dry weights, and increased the competitiveness of wheat plants through greater leaf area, numbers of ear-bearing tillers, and uptake of N. Leaving 20% of rows unsown increased wheat yield by 10.9%, 17.3%, and 8.2%, respectively, during the first, second, and third year compared with conventional sowing (no missing rows). An 18.5-cm row spacing resulted in a more weed suppression than 22.5-cm row spacing, but the latter gave higher yield. Application of N at 120 kg/ha resulted in higher yield than N at 60 kg/ha, due to a significant reduction in weed growth. A practice that combines 20% of rows unsown, 22.5-cm row spacing, and 120 kg N/ha will yield more through better suppression of a moderate weed infestation.

scholarly journals Alkyl Ether Sulfate Improves Efficacy of Herbicides Against Common Goosefoot and Field Bindweed in Wheat

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. TANVEER ◽  
N. ABBAS ◽  
M.E. SAFDAR ◽  
R.M. IKRAM
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Alkyl Ether ◽  
Ether Sulfate ◽  
Field Bindweed ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

ABSTRACT: Tank mixed application of herbicides with adjuvant is required for effective weed management and to reduce herbicide load on agricultural crops. Field studies were conducted to investigate the effect of herbicides at reduced rates with adjuvant on common goosefoot (Chenopodium album) and field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) and grain yield of wheat for two consecutive winter seasons. Treatments included post-emergence foliar application of four herbicides viz., fluroxypyr + tribenuron-methyl + clopyralid, mesosulfuron-methyl + iodosulfuron-methyl sodium, bromoxynil + MCPA, iodosulfuron-methyl sodium (pre mixed formulations) at their recommended rates 244.5, 14.2, 444.6, 10 g a.i. ha-1, respectively and 25% reduced rates with alkyl ether sulfate Na salt at 400 mL ha-1 as adjuvant. A weedy check was kept as control. All the herbicide treatments caused a significant reduction in densities (up to 85% and 89.2%) of C. arvensis and C. album, respectively and total dry weight (12.4-56%), N (3.7-50%), P (25-63.6%) and K (1.4-56.6%) uptakes from weedy check. Better weed control was achieved with 25% lower dose of all herbicides along with adjuvant in comparison with that recorded with their full doses without adjuvant. All herbicide treatments increased the grain yield of wheat ranging from 10.4 6-56.1% over control during both years. Herbicides with adjuvant produced significantly the higher grain yield of wheat than those observed with herbicides alone. Among all herbicide treatments, 75% doses of bromoxynil + MCPA and iodosulfuron-methyl sodium along with alkyl ether sulfate adjuvant were proved to be the best as they gave significantly the higher (4902.3 and 5159.0 kg ha-1 and 4566.5 and 4891.0 kgha-1) grain yields of wheat during years 2013-14 and 2014-15, respectively.

scholarly journals Weed Dynamics and Nutrient Uptake of Maize as Influenced by Different Weed Management Practices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Sandhya Rani ◽  
V. Chandrika ◽  
G. Prabhakara Reddy ◽  
P. Sudhakar ◽  
K.V. Nagamadhuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Agricultural College ◽  
Stover Yield ◽  
Weed Dynamics ◽  
Hand Weeding

Background: Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most versatile and emerging food crop of global importance. Weeds are ubiquitous but their presence in wide spaced and initially slow growing crop like maize acts as an obstacle for plentiful harvest. Nutrient uptake by weeds during the first thirty days of maize growth was 59 kg N, 10 kg P2O5 and 59 kg K2O per ha, which was 7-10 times higher than the nutrient uptake by maize.Methods: The present field experiment was conducted during Rabi, 2018-19 under irrigated conditions at wetland farm of S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati andhra Pradesh, with ten treatments and three replications in a randomized block design.Result: Lower density and dry weight of weeds with higher weed control efficiency, lower nutrient uptake by weeds and higher nutrient up take by maize at 80 DAS, kernel and stover yield was recorded with hand weeding twice at 15 and 30 DAS, which was statistically at par with atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 as PE fb topramezone 30 g ha-1 or tembotrione 120 g ha-1 as PoE or atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 as PE fb HW at 30 DAS, while these were lowest with weedy check. Higher benefit cost ratio of maize was noticed with both atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 as PE fb topramezone 30 g ha-1 as PoE (T3), which was in parity with atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 as PE fb tembotrione 120 g ha-1 as PoE (T2) and hand weeding twice at 15 and 30 DAS (T9). From the present study it may be concluded that atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 as PE fb topramezone 30 g ha-1 or tembotrione 120 g ha-1 as PoE were considered to be the most effective and economic weed management practices to increase the productivity of Rabi maize at times of labour scarcity.

scholarly journals Effect of Row Spacing and Weed Management Practices on the Performance of Aerobic Rice

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
M. Ali ◽  
H.M.U. Farooq ◽  
S. Sattar ◽  
T. Farooq ◽  
I. Bashir
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Aerobic Rice ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Direct Seeded

Abstract Direct-seeded rice alternative to transplanted rice system is less labor intensive, easier to plant, and consume less water. The advantages of direct-seeded rice have been proved by many research workers, but yet it is not very much adapted by farmers. Weeds reduce cost effectiveness of direct-seeded rice. A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different row spacing and weed management practices on the performance of aerobic rice at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, during summer season of 2013. Fine rice variety ‘Super Basmati’ was used for experiment in a randomized complete block design with factorial arrangements with three replications. Hand drill sowing with row spacing comprised 15 cm, 22.5 cm, and 30 cm was practiced. Weed scouting hoeing (hand pulling is weed free treatment for comparison with the others and hoeing is a type of mechanical weeding) and pre-emergence herbicide, followed by post-emergence herbicide, were the weed management practices. Weeds data and rice yield parameters were measured. Maximum reduction in weed density (86%) and weed dry weight (79%) was recorded for pre-emergence, followed by for post-emergence herbicide in crop sown at 15 cm row spacing.

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