Influence of integrated weed management on weed dynamics and productivity of chili

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
RP JAISWAL ◽  
DHANANJAI SINGH ◽  
AK NAIDU
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Yield Enhancement ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Paddy Straw ◽  
Weed Dynamics ◽  
Dry Fruit

A field experiment was carried out at Vegetable Research Farm, Mahrajpur, Department of Horticulture, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.) to study the efficacy of different herbicides and mulches against weeds in chili, It was recorded that dominant weed flora in the experiment was Eragrostis cillansis and Cyperus rotindus among monocot weeds, Chenopodium album, Melilotus alba, Anagallis aruensis and Parthenium hysterophorus among dicot weeds. Highest weed density of all the weed species, dry weed biomass were recorded in weedy check plots. Pendimethalin @ 1.5 l/ha + black polythene mulch resulted in the highest plant height (75.3 cm), number of primary branches per plant (15.66), number of fruits per plant (73.33), yield of red ripe fruit (134.7q/ha-1) and yield of dry fruit (22qha-1) followed by Pendimethalin @ 1.5 l/ha + paddy straw mulch. Therefore, pendimethalin @ 1.5 l/ha + black polythene mulch resulted in the most effective treatment in terms of weed suppression and yield enhancement of chili crop.

INFLUENCE OF HERBICIDES ON WEED MANAGEMENT IN TRUE POTATO

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sing ◽  
A. K. Verma ◽  
J. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Paddy Straw ◽  
Free Treatment ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Hand Weeding

The results obtained showed that there was severe competition between potato and the predominant weed species Coronopus didymus, Chenopodium album, Fumaria parviflora, Melilotus indica and Spergula arvensis. Competition by other weed species was nominal. The maximum reduction in tuber yield due to weed competition was 50.5% in 1997–98 and 63.4% in 1998–99. Weed control treatments lowered the weed density and weed biomass and scaled up tuber yield in both the years, but their effect on weed species differed. Metribuzin killed all the Chenopodium album plants and gave excellent control of Coronopus didymus (94%) and effective control of other weed species. Pendimethalin inhibited the germination of Chenopodium album, gave good control of arvensis and lowered the density of other weed species. Fluchloralin completely inhibited the germination of Fumaria parviflora and gave good control of Chenopodium album and Spergula arvensis, but was least effective against other weed species. The highest yield was recorded in the weed-free treatment, which was significantly superior to all other treatments. Hand weeding + earthing up, isoproturon (1.0 kg/ha), metribuzin and pendimethalin caused an identical increase in tuber yield, which was significantly higher than the increase in the rest of the treatments. Atrazine at 0.25 kg ha –1 resulted in a higher increase than when applied at 0.5 kg ha –1 . Fluchloralin, paraquat and paddy straw mulch boosted up production, but the increase in tuber yield was not significant.

scholarly journals Weed supression by smother crops and selective herbicides

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco José Severino ◽  
Pedro Jacob Christoffoleti
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Arachis Pintoi

Using a smother crop is thought to suppress weed density and to add other beneficial effects in sustainable agricultural systems. Weed suppression ought to be considered an essential component of integrated weed management. However, very little is known about the effects of green manure plants on weeds. This study evaluated the influence of three green manure species on weed suppression and selectivity of herbicides. A field experiment was designed to determine the effect of the green manure species Crotalaria juncea, Arachis pintoi and pigeon pea on the weeds Brachiaria decumbens, guineagrass and hairy beggarticks, and on the natural weed infestation in the inter rows area of an avocado orchard. The weed species were suppressed differently by each green manure species. Soil samples collected from the field experiment presented a residual effect, of at least 30 d, in suppressing weed seed bank recruitment; this residual effect was caused by the residues of the green manure present in the soil. When the green manure was incorporated into the top 5 cm of soil or left on the surface, in a greenhouse experiment, the emergence of weed seeds was significantly inhibited, depending on the species, and on the amount and depth of green manure incorporation. Greenhouse experiments indicate that pre-emergence herbicides cause lower phytotoxicity than post-emergence Arachis pintoi. Smother crops using green manure species, when well established in an area, provide additional weed control to the cropping system and are effective and valuable tools in integrated weed management.

scholarly journals Influence of Cereal Rye Management on Weed Control in Soybean

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt M. Vollmer ◽  
Mark J. VanGessel ◽  
Quintin R. Johnson ◽  
Barbara A. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Delayed Effect ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Winter Annual

Cereal rye as a cover crop is often used to improve soil health and as part of integrated weed management programs. Despite this, cereal rye biomass is often not managed for optimal weed suppression. This study evaluated the effects of managing cereal rye as part of an integrated weed management strategy in soybean. Factors consisted of levels of cereal rye management (no cereal rye, no nitrogen, or 20 kg/ha of nitrogen); cereal rye termination timing (20 or 10 d before soybean planting); and residual herbicide treatment applied at cereal rye termination (with or without). Winter annual weed control with cereal rye was generally greater compared to no cereal rye. Winter annual weed control was consistently better when cereal rye was terminated at 20 d before soybean planting compared to 10 d; while summer annual weed control was improved if termination was delayed. Effect of cereal rye management on summer annual weed control varied by weed species. In the absence of residual herbicides, Palmer amaranth control responded to the different levels of cereal rye management. However, morningglory spp. only responded to rye with supplemental N applications. Large crabgrass control was similar for treatments containing cereal rye, regardless of nitrogen input. Our results demonstrate the importance of cover crop management when incorporating cereal rye into an integrated weed management program for soybean.

scholarly journals Integrated weed management in potato at Munshigonj

1970 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
ASA Khan ◽  
MA Hossain ◽  
AA Mahmud ◽  
MIA Howlader ◽  
MA Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Weed Species

A field experiment was carried out at the research farm of Tuber Crops Research Sub-station, Munshigonj of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) during rabi seasons of 2005-06 and 2006-07 to find out the effective and economical integrated weed control method in potato. Chenopodium album and Amaranthus viridis were the major weed species in potato field. Mulch (water hyacinth) along with herbicide application (Ronstar 25 EC @ 1 ml/L water) at 7 days after planting (DAP) was found most effective in controlling weed population (94 to 95%) upto 30 days of planting than that employed by only mulch (45 to 53%). The weeds were found to reduce tuber yield to the extent of 43 percent. Mulching plus herbicide spraying at 7 DAP followed by one time uprooting of weeds by hand at 25 DAP produced the highest tuber yield of 23.39 t/ha in 2005-06 and 29.58 t/ha in 2006-07 and it was most effective in controlling weeds as compared to unweeded and mulched plots. The highest net returns (Tk. 116141/ha in 2005-06 and Tk. 205646/ha in 2006-07) and maximum benefit cost ratio of 2.64 and 3.28 were noted with mulching by water hyacinth + herbicide application at 7 DAP + one time weed uprooting by hand at 25 DAP. Key Words: Weed management, mulching, herbicide, potato tuber yield. doi: 10.3329/bjar.v33i4.2309 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 33(4) : 647-654, December 2008

scholarly journals Glyphosate as a Tool for the Incorporation of New Herbicide Options in Integrated Weed Management in Maize: A Weed Dynamics Evaluation

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 876
Author(s):  
Iñigo Loureiro ◽  
Inés Santin-Montanyá ◽  
María-Concepción Escorial ◽  
Esteban García-Ruiz ◽  
Guillermo Cobos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Farm Scale ◽  
Weed Dynamics ◽  
The Impact

A farm-scale investigation was conducted to evaluate the potential impact of integrating glyphosate into different weed management programs when cultivating herbicide-tolerant maize in central Spain from 2012 to 2014. The weed management programs were (1) a conventional weed management with pre- and post-emergent herbicide applications, (2) a weed management program in which the number and total amount of conventional herbicides applied were reduced, and (3) three weed management programs that comprised either two post-emergent applications of the herbicide glyphosate, or only one glyphosate application combined with pre- and/or post-emergent herbicides. Weed density throughout each cropping season was greater in those weed management programs that did not include a pre-emergence application of herbicides than those that did. Moreover, none of the weed management programs affected the richness and species diversity of the weeds or reduced yields. Although the impact of the different programs was similar in terms of weed species diversity, the composition of the weed community differed and this effect must be considered when providing agroecosystem services. Our results indicate that glyphosate-tolerant maize provides an additional tool that allows integrated weed control of the weed populations without reducing yields.

scholarly journals Effect of Barley Sowing Density on the Integrated Weed Management of Lolium rigidum (Annual Ryegrass) in Mediterranean Dryland: A Modeling Approach

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1565
Author(s):  
María Belén D’Amico ◽  
Guillermo R. Chantre ◽  
Guillermo L. Calandrini ◽  
José L. González-Andújar
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Seed Removal ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
High Control ◽  
Weed Dynamics ◽  
The Impact

Population models are particularly helpful for understanding long-term changes in the weed dynamics associated with integrated weed management (IWM) strategies. IWM practices for controlling L. rigidum are of high importance, mainly due to its widespread resistance that precludes chemical control as a single management method. The objective of this contribution is to simulate different IWM scenarios with special emphasis on the impact of different levels of barley sowing densities on L. rigidum control. To this effect, a weed–crop population model for both L. rigidum and barley life cycles was developed. Our results point out: (i) the necessity of achieving high control efficiencies (>99%), (ii) that the increase of twice the standard sowing density of barley resulted in a reduction of 23.7% of the weed density, (iii) non-herbicide-based individual methods, such as delayed sowing and weed seed removal at harvest, proved to be inefficient for reducing drastically weed population, (iv) the implementation of at least three control tactics (seed removal, delay sowing and herbicides) is required for weed infestation eradication independently of the sowing rate, and (v) the effect of an increase in the sowing density is diluted as a more demanding weed control is reached. Future research should aim to disentangle the effect of different weed resistance levels on L. rigidum population dynamics and the required efficiencies for more sustainable IWM programs.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Different Weed Management Practices on Growth Variables and Yield of Wheat Varieties

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-30
Author(s):  
Md. Golam Mostafa ◽  
Syed Arvin Hassan ◽  
Md. Ehsanul Haq ◽  
Md. Ahasan Habib ◽  
Kaniz Fatema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Alternanthera Philoxeroides ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Hand Weeding

A field experiment was conducted in medium fertile soil at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during November 2017 to April 2018 in Rabi season with a view to evaluate the performance of wheat varieties under different weed control methods. The experiment was carried out with three varieties i.e. BARI Gom-28, BARI Gom-29 and BARI Gom-30 in the main plot and five weed management methods viz. control (no weeding), two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS, Panida 33EC (Pendimethalin) @ 2000 ml ha-1 at 5 DAS pre-emergence, Afinity 50.75WP (Isoproturon) 1500 g ha-1 at 25 DAS as post-emergence herbicide and Panida 33EC (Pendimethalin) @ 2000 ml ha-1 at 5 DAS + Afinity 50.75WP (Isoproturon)1500 g ha-1 at 25 DAS in the sub plot in split plot design. Nine different major weed species were found in the field such as Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotundus, Echinochloa colonum, Eleusine indica, Chenopodium album, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Brassica kaber, Leliotropium indicum, Vicia sativa. Results reveled that BARI Gom-30 contributed the highest grain yield 3.01 tha-1. Pre-emergence application of Panida 33EC controlled weeds significantly which showed highest growth followed by yield achieved in wheat. BARI Gom-30 in combination with Panida 33EC produced the highest grain yield 3.52 tha-1 while the lowest grain yield 2.09 t ha-1 was obtained from BARI Gom-28 with no weeding treatment. Results reveled that Panida 33EC (pre-emergence) was found more effective to controlling weeds in wheat. Results of the study finally reveled that Panida 33EC might be considered as a feasible option for combating weed and ensuring higher yield in wheat cultivation.

Weed Problems in Uruguayan Agriculture: Evolution and Current Situation

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 203-207
Author(s):  
M. Alejandro Garcia ◽  
Lucia V. Meneses ◽  
Tiago Edu Kaspary
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Species Frequencies ◽  
Agricultural Production Systems

Uruguayan agriculture has undergone dramatic changes in the last 50 years driven by the adoption of new agricultural production systems that incorporate zero tillage and herbicide resistant crops. This has resulted in a shift in weed species frequencies and the dispersion of introduced herbicide resistant weed populations. Finally, integrated weed management tools are being developed by research and extension services to manage herbicide-resistant (HR) weeds better and to reduce environmental impact of herbicides.

Halauxifen-methyl controls glyphosate-resistant horseweed (Conyza canadensis) but not giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) in winter wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Quinn ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Jamshid Ashigh ◽  
David C. Hooker ◽  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
The United States ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Ambrosia Trifida ◽  
Giant Ragweed

AbstractHorseweed is a competitive summer or winter annual weed that produces up to 230,000 small seeds per plant that are capable of traveling more than 500 km via wind. Giant ragweed is a tall, highly competitive summer annual weed. Glyphosate-resistant (GR) horseweed and GR giant ragweed pose significant challenges for producers in the United States and Ontario, Canada. It is thought that an integrated weed management (IWM) system involving herbicide rotation is required to control GR biotypes. Halauxifen-methyl is a new selective broadleaf POST herbicide registered for use in cereal crops; there is limited information on its efficacy on horseweed and giant ragweed. The purpose of this research was to determine the efficacy of halauxifen-methyl applied POST, alone and in a tank mix, for the control of GR horseweed and GR giant ragweed in wheat across southwestern Ontario. For each weed species, an efficacy study consisting of six field experiments was conducted over a 2-yr period (2018, 2019). At 8 wk after application (WAA), halauxifen-methyl, fluroxypyr/halauxifen-methyl, fluroxypyr/halauxifen-methyl + MCPA EHE, fluroxypyr + MCPA ester, 2,4-D ester, clopyralid, and pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil + ammonium sulfate controlled GR horseweed >95%. Fluroxypyr and MCPA provided only 86% and 37% control of GR horseweed, respectively. At 8 WAA, fluroxypyr, fluroxypyr/halauxifen-methyl, fluroxypyr/halauxifen-methyl + MCPA EHE, fluroxypyr + MCPA ester, fluroxypyr/halauxifen-methyl + MCPA EHE + pyroxsulam, 2,4-D ester, clopyralid, and thifensulfuron/tribenuron + fluroxypyr + MCPA ester controlled GR giant ragweed 87%, 88%, 90%, 94%, 96%, 96%, 98%, and 93%, respectively. Halauxifen-methyl and pyroxsulam provided only 45% and 28% control of GR giant ragweed, respectively. Halauxifen-methyl applied alone POST in the spring controlled GR horseweed but not GR giant ragweed in winter wheat.

scholarly journals A New Approach to Weed Management to Mitigate Herbicide Resistance in Argentina

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (SP1) ◽  
pp. 641-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Rubione ◽  
Sarah M. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Export Taxes

The evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds is a major concern in the corn- and soybean-producing Pampas region of Argentina, where growers predominantly plant glyphosate-resistant crop varieties and depend heavily on glyphosate for weed control. Currently, 16 weed species in Argentina are resistant to one or more of three different herbicide mechanisms of action, and resistant weed populations continue to increase, posing a serious threat to agricultural production. Implementation of integrated weed management to address herbicide resistance faces significant barriers in Argentina, especially current land ownership and rental patterns in the Pampas. More than 60% of Pampas cropland is rented to tenants for periods that rarely exceed 1 yr, resulting in crop rotation being largely abandoned, and crop export taxes and quotas have further discouraged wheat and corn production in favor of continuous soybean production. In this paper we discuss ways to facilitate new approaches to weed management in Argentina, including legal and economic reforms and the formation of a national committee of stakeholders from public and private agricultural sectors.

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