scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE IMPACT OF A MALATHION INSECTICIDE ON CERTAIN BIOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF A FRESHWATER FISH, LABEO ROHITA

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-96
Author(s):  
Anusiya Devi K ◽  
Lekeshmanaswamy M
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Labeo Rohita ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Toxicity Evaluation ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Biochemical Constituents ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations ◽  
Body Lice

Malathion is an insecticide which is commonly used for the agricultural and non-agricultural purposes in India. Malathion is found effective for controlling mosquitoes, flies, household insects, animal parasites (ectoparasites) and head & body lice. The effect of insecticide Malathion is found to be highly toxiceven to the non-targeted aquatic organisms including fish. The aim of the study, was to determine the effect of insecticide malathion on some biochemical characteristics (protein, carbohydrate and cholesterol in gill, liver, muscle and kidney) of the fish, Labeo rohita. Toxicity evaluation tests were conducted to determine LC50 values. The 1/10th of 96 hrs, LC50 value was selected as sublethal concentrations (0.5 ppm). All biochemical's parameters were found to be decreased in all tissues on comparison with control. The results indicated the toxic nature of the insecticide malathion.

scholarly journals Behavior surveillance and oxygen consumption in the freshwater fish Labeo rohita (Hamilton) exposed to sodium cyanide

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 91-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.N. Dube ◽  
B.B. Hosetti
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Labeo Rohita ◽  
Test Chamber ◽  
Sublethal Concentration ◽  
Sodium Cyanide ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Toxic Pollutant ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

Sodium cyanide, is highly contaminating aquatic ecosystems as a toxic pollutant, was investigated in the present study for acute toxicity on freshwater fish Labeo rohita. The toxicity tests were conducted by static renewal bioassay method on the juveniles of fish was evaluated. The LC50 value of sodium cyanide to Labeo rohita was found out to be 320 ?g l-1. One third (106 ?g l-1) and one fifth (64 ?g l-1) of the LC50 value was selected for sublethal studies. Behavioural patterns and oxygen consumption were observed in both (1/3rd and 1/5th) sublethal concentrations (1, 5, 10 and 15 days). Sodium cyanide is highly toxic to the animal tested. Fish behaved irregular, erratic, and dartic movements, by followed hyperexcitability, loss of balance, finally settles to the bottom of the test chamber. A decrease in oxygen consumption was observed in 1/3rd (11.62% and -4.52%) and 1/5th (9.11% and -2.82%) sublethal concentrations. Fish under sublethal concentration were found to be under stress but not fatal.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Intermediary and Mitochondrial Metabolic Responses to 4-nonylphenol in the Freshwater Fish, Labeo Rohita

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
REMYA V S ◽  
RESHMI S ◽  
SHEHNA MAHIM S ◽  
ANJALI V R ◽  
ARUNA DEVI C
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Labeo Rohita ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Breakdown Product ◽  
Mitochondrial Enzymes ◽  
Nonylphenol Ethoxylate ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Dehydrogenase ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

Abstract 4-Nonylphenol (4-NP) is a breakdown product of nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPE) and attains much concern because of its persistence and toxicity to aquatic organisms. 4-nonylphenol is a known endocrine disruptor and a legendary xenoestrogen. However, non-estrogenic impacts of 4-NP were scarcely studied in aquatic organisms. Hence, the present study evaluated the effects of sublethal concentrations of 4-NP (1.5, 2 and 2.5µl/l) on major carp, Labeo rohita in the intermediary and mitochondrial metabolism. Exposure to 4-NP shows significant changes in the activities of intermediary enzymes like glucose 6 phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, cytosolic malic enzyme and isocitrate dehydrogenase and mitochondrial enzymes like malate dehydrogenase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome c oxidase when compared to the control (p<0.05). Therefore, the current study indicates that 4-NP at environment concentration impairs the activity of metabolic enzymes and thereby affects the tricarboxylic acid cycle and electron transport system. Alteration in the levels of these parameters can be effectively used to surveil the impact of 4-NP in energy production in aquatic environment.

scholarly journals Acute and sublethal intoxication of malathion in an Indian major carp, Labeo rohita: haematological and biochemical responses.

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. e2021016
Author(s):  
Juginu Mankuzhiyil Sivanandan ◽  
Binukumari
Keyword(s):  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Labeo Rohita ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticide ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Indian Major Carp ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters ◽  
The Impact

This study aimed to determine the median lethal concentration (96-h LC50), acute and sublethal effects of malathion, an organophosphorus pesticide on hematological and biochemical responses in an Indian major carp, Labeo rohita. In this study, the LC50 value of malathion for 96 h was found to be 3.4 ppm. During acute (3.4 ppm) and sublethal [1/10th of 96 h LC50 value (0.34 ppm) studies, all the hematological parameters except WBC were significantly decreased (p<0.05). Besides, when compared with the control group, a significant (p<0.05) decrease in biochemical activity was also observed in malathion treated fish during acute and sublethal exposure periods. These results suggest that the tested concentrations of malathion could have significant adverse effects on the hematological and biochemical parameters of fish, Labeo rohita. The changes in the parameters can be effectively used to determine the impact of malathion in the aquatic ecosystem.

scholarly journals UJI TOKSISITAS SODIUM SIANIDA (NaCN) PADA BEBERAPA SPESIES IKAN AIR TAWAR: REVIEW (The Toxicity Test of Sodium Cyanide (NaCN) to Some Species of Freshwater Fish: A Review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Siti Muyassaroh ◽  
Indah Rahmatiah Siti Salami
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Labeo Rohita ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Sodium Cyanide ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Fish Kills ◽  
Cyanide Toxicity

AbstrakSianida telah digunakan sebagai senyawa toksik selama beberapa dekade untuk penangkapan ikan. Pengetahuan para nelayan yang rendah dapat menyebabkan kelebihan dosis penggunaan senyawa sianida. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan kematian ikan dan bahkan kerusakan terumbu karang. Sodium sianida tidak bersifat bioakumulasi dan biomagnifikasi berdasarkan nilai Kow-nya dan sebagian besar metabolit dikeluarkan melalui urin dalam bentuk thiosianat, SCN- (60-80%), 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA) atau 2-iminothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, ITCA (15%), serta gas HCN dan CO2. Biomarker organisme yang terpapar sianida yaitu kandungan CN-, SCN-,ATCA atau ITCA pada urin dan darah; perubahan histopatologis di limpa, hepato-renal dan ginjal; penurunan aktivitas enzim katalase pada jaringan hati, insang, otak, dan otot ikan; perubahan aktivitas laktat dehydrogenase (LDH) dan suksinat dehydrogenase (SDH), tingkah laku, laju respirasi, dan metabolit (asam piruvat dan asam laktat). Akan tetapi, aktivitas enzim dan struktur histopatologis kembali normal setelah pemulihan selama 14 hari di medium bebas NaCN. Paparan NaCN juga dapat menyebabkan perubahan kecepatan renang dan durasi surfacing behavior. Konsentrasi sianida di lingkungan tidak bisa diabaikan, sebab dimungkinkan adanya efek sinergis dan juga penghambatan sistem enzim katalase, yang pada akhirnya terjadi kerentanan organisme akuatik terhadap toksisitas sianida. Labeo rohita merupakan spesies ikan air tawar yang paling sensitif terhadap paparan NaCN, dengan nilai LC50 sebesar 0,32 mg/L (tanpa melihat jenis aliran yang digunakan).AbstractCyanide has been used as a toxic compound for decades for fishing. Lack of knowledge of fishermen can lead to overdosing use of a compound. This can lead to fish kills and even damage the coral reefs. Sodium cyanide is not bioaccumulative and biomagnificative based on the value of Kow and most metabolites are excreted in the urine in the form of SCN- (60-80%), 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid, ATCA or 2-iminothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, ITCA (15%), as well as HCN gas and CO2. Biomarkers organisms are exposed cyanide content of CN-, SCN-, ATCA or ITCA on urine and blood; histopathological changes in spleen, hepato-renal and kidney; decreased activity of catalase enzyme in the liver, gills, brain, and muscles of fish; lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity changes, behavioral, respiratory rate, and metabolites (pyruvic acid and lactic acid). However, the enzyme activity and histopathological structure back to normal after recovery for 14 days at NaCN-free medium. NaCN exposure can also cause changes in swimming speed and duration of surfacing behavior. The concentration of cyanide in the environment can not be ignored, because it is possible the existence of a synergistic effect and also the inhibition of catalase enzyme system, which eventually happened vulnerability of aquatic organisms to cyanide toxicity. Labeo rohita is a freshwater fish species are most sensitive to exposure to NaCN, with LC50 values of 0.32 mg / L (regardless of the type of flow used).

Evaluation of Toxicity in Receiving Streams

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 2357-2360
Author(s):  
J. Zagorc-Koncan ◽  
M. Dular
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Toxicity Evaluation ◽  
Copper Cyanide ◽  
Polluted River ◽  
Design Information ◽  
Point Of Entry ◽  
Receiving Stream ◽  
The Impact

A laboratory river model for the study of self-purification inhibition in a stream containing toxic substances is presented. It enables an engineering - technological prediction of the impact of toxic substances or wastewaters on dissolved oxygen (DO) profile in an organically polluted river downstream from the point of entry of toxic effluent thus providing rapidly and inexpensively significant design information to an environmental scientist or engineer. The method was applied to the toxicity evaluation of wastewaters from electroplating industry. The effects of copper, cyanide (representing two significant constituents of this type of wastewaters) and wastewater from electroplating industry on the biodegradation of organic municipal pollution in receiving stream were evaluated experimentally.

Fish farming in Denmark: environmental impact of regulative legislation

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 73-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Iversen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Local Impact ◽  
The Impact

The main environmental problems associated with fish farming in Denmark are attributable to the dam, the “dead reach” and nutrient and organic matter discharge. The environmental regulation of fish farming in Denmark started with the Environmental Protection Act of 1974, the Statutory Order of 1985 forbidding wet feed, and the Action Plan on the Aquatic Environment of 1987. In the case of freshwater fish farms, the latter was implemented through the measures stipulated in the 1989 Statutory Order on Fish Farms. The impact of Danish legislative measures to reduce and regulate the environmental effects of freshwater fish farms can be summarized as follows: - the number of fish farms has been reduced from about 800 in 1974 to about 500 at present; - production has tripled since 1974 and has been stable since 1989; - a change from wet to dry feed has reduced the environmental impact of the farms; - the national goals of the Action Plan on the Aquatic Environment of 1987 for reducing fish farm discharges of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus have been fulfilled. The main remaining problems are that: - the local impact of fish farms on downstream stream quality is still much too high in about 15% of cases; - the problem of the passage of migrating invertebrates and fish is still unsolved at some farms; - the problems posed by “dead reaches” are still unsolved. It is concluded that sustainable fish farming is possible in Denmark, but with the present technology production will have to be significantly reduced.

scholarly journals Effects of sodium fluoride and Ocimum sanctum extract on the lifespan and climbing ability of Drosophila melanogaster

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidra Perveen ◽  
Shalu Kumari ◽  
Himali Raj ◽  
Shahla Yasmin
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Activity Assay ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation Assay ◽  
Climbing Ability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

Abstract Background Fluoride may induce oxidative stress and apoptosis. It may also lead to neurobehavioural defects including neuromuscular damage. The present study aimed to explore the effects of sub lethal concentrations of sodium fluoride (NaF) on the lifespan and climbing ability of Drosophila melanogaster. In total, 0.6 mg/L and 0.8 mg/L of NaF were selected as sublethal concentrations of NaF for the study. Lifespan was measured and climbing activity assay was performed. Results The study showed significant decrease in lifespan of flies treated with fluoride. With increasing age, significant reduction in climbing activity was observed in flies treated with sodium fluoride as compared to normal (control) flies. Flies treated with tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) and NaF showed increase in lifespan and climbing activity as compared to those treated with NaF only. Lipid peroxidation assay showed significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) values in the flies treated with NaF as compared to control. The MDA values decreased significantly in flies treated with tulsi mixed with NaF. Conclusions The results indicate that exposure to sub lethal concentration of NaF may cause oxidative stress and affect the lifespan and climbing activity of D. melanogaster. Tulsi extract may help in reducing the impact of oxidative stress and toxicity caused by NaF.

scholarly journals Biomarkers responses in fish (Atherinella brasiliensis) of paranaguá bay, southern Brazil, for assessment of pollutant effects

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciro Alberto de Oliveira Ribeiro ◽  
Alberto Katsumiti ◽  
Patrícia França ◽  
Jocieli Maschio ◽  
Eliandra Zandoná ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Paranaguá Bay ◽  
Fuel Oils ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Biochemical Genetic ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
The Impact

Paranaguá bay is a complex estuary located in southern Brazil containing three protected areas listed by UNESCO. Historically, the estuary has been affected by urban, industrial, agricultural and harbor activities, and occasional accidents. Specifically, the explosion of the Chilean ship Vicuña in December 2004 spilled methanol and crude and fuel oils which affected both protected and non-protected areas. The present study sought to investigate the pollution threat to aquatic organisms in order to evaluate the potential effects of pollutants. One hundred and twenty adult fish Atherinella brasiliensis were collected from different sites within Paranaguá estuary, including the harbor and open ocean, during summer, autumn and winter of 2005. Among the biomarkers, the somatic index, chemical analysis of bile, biochemical, genetic and morphological parameters were considered. Chemical analysis of bile showed a continuous bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) according to proximity to the harbor site. The histopathological findings have demonstrated aconsiderable incidence of severe pathologies in the liver and gills, corroborated by biochemical disturbances and genetic damage. These findings indicate that more studies are necessary to evaluate both water quality and fish health so as to permit a better analysis of the impact of pollution in Paranaguá estuary.

scholarly journals Effect of exposure to sublethal concentrations of zinc cyanide on tissue ATPase activity in the fresh water fish, Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham)

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shwetha Dube ◽  
B.B. Hosetti
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Fresh Water Fish ◽  
Cirrhinus Mrigala ◽  
Biomarkers Of Exposure ◽  
Maximum Inhibition ◽  
Water Fish ◽  
Treated Fish ◽  
Cyanide Intoxication ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of zinc cyanide (Zn(CN)2) on the ATPase (Na+-K+-, Mg2+, Ca2+) activity of the freshwater fish Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham). Fish were exposed to two sublethal concentrations (0.114 and 0.068 mg/L) and the effects were studied in the liver, muscle and gill tissues at the end of 5, 10 and 15 days of exposure. Cyanide intoxication resulted in marked changes in ATPases, represented by a significant decrease in the activities. Maximum inhibition was observed at higher concentration. The order of inhibition in the activity was Na+-K+-> Ca2+ > Mg2+ ATPase. These results imply an immediate adaptive response to the stress, demonstrating alterations in ATPase activities in the tissues of cyanide-treated fish. The present study clearly proposes that ATPases can be used as biomarkers of exposure of aquatic organisms to cyanide intoxication.

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