scholarly journals Sources of Electromagnetic Field in Transportation System and Their Possible Health Impacts

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Zuzana Judakova ◽  
Ladislav Janousek
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Rear Seat ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
General Limit ◽  
Many Sources

Exposure to electromagnetic field caused by transportation systems is a cause of concern for many people. In public and personal transport there are many sources of electromagnetic field. Plenty of dosimetric analyses of electromagnetic field carried out by various research groups found out very high exposure values in the transport. Although the measured fields in transport remain well below the general limit for public exposure as defined by ICNIRP (1998) standards, they are relatively high compared to other micro-environments in daily life, especially for children seated in the rear seat, as field strengths are comparatively high there and children are a sensitive part of the population. How long-term effects of these fields affect the human organism and what is the mechanism of action, are questions without known answers. Several studies point to the potential association of various diseases with exposure to electromagnetic field. The key to understanding the effect of the electromagnetic field on the human organism is to reveal the mechanism of action of the field.

scholarly journals Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field Exposure and the Resting EEG: Exploring the Thermal Mechanism Hypothesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loughran ◽  
Verrender ◽  
Dalecki ◽  
Burdon ◽  
Tagami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Exposure Condition ◽  
Field Exposure ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Baseline Phase ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Sham Condition ◽  
Thermal Mechanism ◽  
Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field

There is now strong evidence that radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure influences the human electroencephalogram (EEG). While effects on the alpha band of the resting EEG have been repeatedly shown, the mechanisms underlying that effect have not been established. The current study used well-controlled methods to assess the RF-EMF exposure effect on the EEG and determine whether that effect might be thermally mediated. Thirty-six healthy adults participated in a randomized, double-blind, counterbalanced provocation study. A water-perfusion suit (34 C) was worn throughout the study to negate environmental influences and stabilize skin temperature. Participants attended the laboratory on four occasions, the first being a calibration session and the three subsequent ones being exposure sessions. During each exposure session, EEG and skin temperature (8 sites) were recorded continuously during a baseline phase, and then during a 30 min exposure to a 920 MHz GSM-like signal (Sham, Low RF-EMF (1 W/kg) and High RF-EMF (2 W/kg)). Consistent with previous research, alpha EEG activity increased during the High exposure condition compared to the Sham condition. As a measure of thermoregulatory activation, finger temperature was found to be higher during both exposure conditions compared to the Sham condition, indicating for the first time that the effect on the EEG is accompanied by thermoregulatory changes and suggesting that the effect of RF-EMF on the EEG is consistent with a thermal mechanism.

scholarly journals Lead concentration in hard dental tissues – SEM/EDS analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Irena Kuzmanović Radman ◽  
Adriana Arbutina ◽  
Renata Josipović ◽  
Aleksandra Đeri
Keyword(s):  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Single Tooth ◽  
Hard Dental Tissues ◽  
Experimentally Induced

Summary Introduction Currently, one of the most important ecological issues is exposure to lead in environment, since it is a metal with evident toxic effects on human organism. Hard dental tissues are suitable structures for assessing long-term effects of exposure to toxic metals. The aim of this paper was to determine the concentration of lead in hard dental tissues of a rat with experimentally induced DM using SEM/EDS analysis, after 14 and 30 days of exposing animals to lead. Material and methods The study was conducted in rats of Wistar strains divided into the three groups. The first group consisted of 8 rats (128 molars and premolars of the upper and lower jaws) with experimentally induced DM, taking lead in the course of 14 days at the concentration of 1500 ppm; the second group included 8 rats (128 molars and premolars of the upper and lower jaws) taking lead in the course of 30 days at the concentration of 1500 ppm, while the third control group consisted of 5 healthy rats (80 molars and premolars of the upper and lower jaws). Experimental animals received lead-acetate every day at the concentration of 1500 ppm via water ad libitum. In these animals, diabetes mellitus was induced by Alloxan. The teeth samples were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). EDS analysis determined the mass fraction of lead and other elements in hard dental tissues. Results No lead was detected in a single tooth layer in the teeth of rats that received lead in drinking water in the course of 14 days. The average values of the mass fraction of lead, calcium, and phosphorus in enamel of teeth of rats receiving lead in the course of 30 days amounted to: lead 0.36%, calcium 15.48%, and phosphorus 10.62%. Lead was registered only in enamel. Conclusion Lead was detected in enamel only in rats receiving lead in the course of 30 days while it was not detected in teeth after the course of 14 days.

scholarly journals Influence of electromagnetic fields on the human organism

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (46) ◽  
pp. 8-8
Author(s):  
Alexander Saakian ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cell Phones ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Engineering Institute

The article presents measures to reduce the negative impact of electromagnetic fields emanating from cell phones on the human organism. The topic of the work is relevant, since at present the role of mobile devices in the life of the modern person is rapidly increasing. The analysis of the measured electromagnetic field levels of the telephones of various brands in the "standby" and "ringing" modes was carried out. Poll that was conducted among students of the Azov-Black Sea Engineering Institute on the usage of mobile devices was also analyzed. Keywords: ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD, MOBILE PHONE, NEGATIVE EFFECT, MEASUREMENT, POLL

Advancements on Adjuvanticity of Bioactive Inorganic and Organic Compounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhimli Banerjee ◽  
Sananda Dey ◽  
Kazi Monjur Ali ◽  
Biplab Giri ◽  
Sandeep Kumar Dash
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Inorganic Substances ◽  
Successful Vaccine ◽  
Challenging Situation

Background: Regardless of the enormous success of vaccines over decades, the formulation of biocompatible and highly effective vaccines is still insufficient for combating new pathogens. Discussion: The degree of effectiveness of any vaccine largely depends on the choice of appropriate adjuvant. Along with the optimum biocompatibility, an ideal adjuvant must be biodegradable, economical and easy to manufacture. To date, various organic and inorganic substances are used as adjuvant to augment the effectiveness of the vaccine. Immunological adjuvant is essentials for strong and long-term effects against various pathogens. However, there are a very limited number of licensed adjuvant are available for formulation of a successful vaccine. This produces a challenging situation in medical science. Conclusion: The present review concisely summarizes the mechanism of action of various bioactive organic and inorganic immunological adjuvant, their limitations and future perspectives for their appropriate modification. Current trends of anticancer therapies using immunological adjuvant has also highlighted in this review.

Electromagnetic fields and thrust-ripples calculation for segmented-secondary linear flux-switching motors

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-118
Author(s):  
Monir Sadat Hosseini ◽  
Hamid Javadi ◽  
Sadegh Vaez-Zadeh
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Field Distribution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Force Density ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Electromagnetic Field Distribution

Purpose This paper aims to investigate analytical electromagnetic fields and thrust ripples representation of linear flux-switching motors with simple modulated secondary referred as segmented secondary linear flux-switching motor (SSLFSM). Design/methodology/approach SSLFSMs are applicable to transportation systems like Maglev due to their simple and consequently low-cost secondary structures and high force density. However, they have high thrust ripples that deteriorate a smooth motion in rail transportation systems. Therefore, derivation of accurate analytical models for thrust ripples minimization of the motor is essential, which is absent in the literature. In this paper, a two-dimensional analytical model is developed for this motor. The model is based on transfer relations and Fourier theory used for solving a two-dimensional boundary value problem. Certain model regions are determined by considering actual machine structure and observing specific rules. Analytical solution of Maxwell and Poison equations are then obtained in the regions. Finding Using the presented modeling method, the airgap electromagnetic field distribution and developed thrust of the motor are calculated for different positions of the motor as well as its thrust ripples. They are verified by the results obtained from finite element method. Also, the analytical results are compared with the presented experimental results. Originality/value This paper has analytically presented the airgap electromagnetic field distribution, thrust and thrust ripples of the SSLFSMs. This modeling is essential in thrust ripples minimization of the motor.

scholarly journals SEROTYPE-INDEPENDENT VACCINES AGAINST PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTION

2016 ◽  
pp. 76-85
Author(s):  
I. B. Semenova ◽  
N. A. Mikhailova
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Aluminium Hydroxide ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Vaccine Preparation ◽  
Protein Vaccines ◽  
Selection Of

Creation of serotype-independent vaccines includes 4 directions - construction of protein vaccines based on recombinant pneumococcus proteins, whole-cell killed or attenuated vaccines, DNA-vaccines and use of Streptococcus pneumoniae as a carrier for polysaccharide and conjugated vaccine preparations. Protein vaccines are the most widely studied. Around 20 proteins are described for pneumococcus - intracellular, associated with cell wall and secreted. The majority of researchers stop at construction of a vaccine preparation including a set of several proteins, protecting from colonization, invasion, pneumonia. Mechanism of action for protein vaccines differs from that of polysaccharide vaccines. Protein preparations create protection from several pneumococcus serotypes. Study of cross-activity of protein-candidates for vaccine preparations with human organism tissues is actual for preclinical studies. Selection of adjuvants is necessary for these vaccines, because aluminium hydroxide is not a suitable adjuvant for these preparations.

scholarly journals ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНА КОНЦЕПЦІЯ ЖИВОГО. НОВИЙ ПІДХІД У БОРОТЬБІ З РАКОМ

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Shchukin
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Living Matter ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Full Control ◽  
Length Of Life

New approach to the problem of struggle with malignant tumors based on the suggested by the authors energetic concept of living matter considering a human organism as an open non-self-organizing biological system that is the part of organism of a higher level of organization - Biosphere, and that is under full control of geophysical factors - first of all electromagnetic field of the Earth and composition of atmospheric air is set forth. The mentioned factors fatefully determine length of life - specific and individual - of any living organism, including human being. On the basis of the set forth approach a new means of prevention and removal from the human organism of malignant tumors was suggested.

scholarly journals Repurposing Ketamine in Depression and Related Disorders: Can This Enigmatic Drug Achieve Success?

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezio Carboni ◽  
Anna R. Carta ◽  
Elena Carboni ◽  
Antonello Novelli
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Potential Interaction ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Bed Nucleus ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

Repurposing ketamine in the therapy of depression could well represent a breakthrough in understanding the etiology of depression. Ketamine was originally used as an anesthetic drug and later its use was extended to other therapeutic applications such as analgesia and the treatment of addiction. At the same time, the abuse of ketamine as a recreational drug has generated a concern for its psychotropic and potential long-term effects; nevertheless, its use as a fast acting antidepressant in treatment-resistant patients has boosted the interest in the mechanism of action both in psychiatry and in the wider area of neuroscience. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the actions of ketamine and intends to cover: (i) the evaluation of its clinical use in the treatment of depression and suicidal behavior; (ii) the potential use of ketamine in pediatrics; (iii) a description of its mechanism of action; (iv) the involvement of specific brain areas in producing antidepressant effects; (v) the potential interaction of ketamine with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; (vi) the effect of ketamine on neuronal transmission in the bed nucleus of stria terminalis and on its output; (vii) the evaluation of any gender-dependent effects of ketamine; (viii) the interaction of ketamine with the inflammatory processes involved in depression; (ix) the evaluation of the effects observed with single or repeated administration; (x) a description of any adverse or cognitive effects and its abuse potential. Finally, this review attempts to assess whether ketamine’s use in depression can improve our knowledge of the etiopathology of depression and whether its therapeutic effect can be considered an actual cure for depression rather than a therapy merely aimed to control the symptoms of depression.

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