Bioaccumulation of Selected Metals and Non-Metals in Mycelium and Fruit Bodies of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi

Dry Weight ◽

Dispersion Analysis ◽

Bulk Soil ◽

Spectrometric Method ◽

Soil Fraction

Purpose. We attempted to quantify the contribution of wild-growing mycelium of ectomycorrhizal fungi to the soil level of selected metals and non-metals in upper (0−10 cm) layer of forest soil of boreal forest ecosystems. The content of selected elements were also analyzed and compared in such fractions of soil as bulk soil, rhizosphere and soil-root interface. Specifically we analyzed the content of phosphorus (P), manganese (Mn), iodine (I), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), mercury (Hg) lead (Pb) and arsenic (As). Methods. The concentration of the elements in the samples (dry weight, d.w.) was determined by the mass spectrometric method (ICP-MS) in the laboratory ALS Scandinavia AB, Luleå according to the method given in Rodushkin et al. [13]. Statistical data processing was performed using dispersion analysis (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation coefficients. Software Minitab (© 2010 Minitab Inc.). Results. It has been shown that concentration of phosphorus in the mycelium of fungi is about 1.5 times, and in the fruit bodies is about 7 times higher of that the plant plant tissue (soil+root interface). The concentration of manganese in the mycelium is about the same as in the bulk soil and much lower in the fraction of rhizosphere. Iodine, chromium and nickel are not accumulated, neither the mycelium of fungi nor in their fruitful bodies. Copper, zinc and cadmium are accumulated in both fruit bodies and mycelium of the studied species intensively. The concentration of cadmium in the mycelium is found to be about three times higher than in the bulk soil fraction, and about twice as high as in the fraction of rhizosphere. At such concentrations of cadmium in mycelium, the later may account from 16.2 to 32.3% of the total amount of cadmium in the upper, 0-10 cm layer of forest soils. The content of cobalt and mercury in the mycelium appeared to be somewhat higher in the bulk soil, about the same as in the rhizosphere fraction, and significantly higher than in the soil-root interface fraction. Fungi did not accumulate lead neither in the mycelium nor in their fruit bodies, whereas arsenic does not accumulated in soil-root interface and only weakly accumulated by fungal fruit bodies. Conclusions As a result of the study, it was found that the content of most of the analyzed metals and non-metals in the mycelium of ectomycorrhizal fungi of the upper (0-10 cm) soil enriched with organic matter in the forest ecosystem, except for cadmium and phosphorus, does not exceed 10% of their total amount. At the same time, the content of cadmium in the mycelium of fungi was the highest − 16.2 to 32.3%, which indicates the ability of fungi to accumulate this metal. It is suggested that the percentages of the content of the elements studied in the mycelium of upper layers of forest soil is rather underestimated than overestimated.

Relationship among specific leaf area, leaf nitrogen, leaf phosphorus and photosynthetic rate in herbaceous species of tropical dry deciduous in Vindhyan highlands

Annals of Plant Sciences ◽

10.21746/aps.2017.02.001 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 1531 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Prajjwal Dubey ◽

Raghubanshi A. S. ◽

Anil K. Dwivedi*

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Photosynthetic Rate ◽

Specific Leaf Area ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Colorimetric Method ◽

Ground Level ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Leaf Nitrogen ◽

Herbaceous Species

A range of leaf attributes was measured for 17 herbaceous species in four contrasting habitats fortnightly from July to September during 2996-2007. All herbaceous vegetation in 5 randomly located plots within each of four sites were clipped at ground level and analyzed fortnightly. Leaf area was recorded by the leaf area meter (Systronics; Leaf area meter- 211). Fresh leaves were dried at 80o C for 48 hr to estimate their dry weight. Specific Leaf Area (SLA) was determined as ratio of leaf area to leaf dry weight. Leaf nitrogen was measured by Kjeldahl method and phosphorus by phosphomolybdic blue colorimetric method. The obtained values were subjected to Two- tailed Pearson correlation coefficients using SPSS (2004 ver. 13) package. SLA, leaf nitrogen, leaf phosphorus and photosynthetic rate show positive relationship with each other.

Determination of β-Agonist Residues in Animal-Derived Food by a Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometric Method Combined with Molecularly Imprinted Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2018/9053561 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Jiwang Tang ◽

Jianxiu Wang ◽

Shuyun Shi ◽

Shengqiang Hu ◽

Liejiang Yuan

Keyword(s):

Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction ◽

Spectrometric Method ◽

Complex Matrix ◽

Molecularly Imprinted ◽

Sorptive Extraction ◽

Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽

Tandem Mass Spectrometric

A novel clenbuterol molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-coated stir bar was prepared and applied to the determination of six β-agonists in animal-derived food. Characterization and various parameters affecting adsorption and desorption behaviours were investigated. The extraction capacities of clenbuterol, salbutamol, ractopamine, mabuterol, brombuterol, and terbutaline for MIP coating were 3.8, 2.9, 3.1, 3.5, 3.2, and 3.3 times higher, respectively, than those of the NIP coating, respectively. The method of MIP-coated SBSE coupled with HPLC-MS/MS was developed. The recoveries in pork and liver samples were 75.8–97.9% with RSD from 2.6 to 5.3%. Limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) were 0.05–0.15 μg/kg and 0.10–0.30 μg/kg, respectively. Good linearities were obtained for six β-agonists with correlation coefficients (R2) higher than 0.994. These results indicated the superiority of the proposed method in the analysis of β-agonists in a complex matrix.

Phenotyping of Different Italian Durum Wheat Varieties in Early Growth Stage With the Addition of Pure or Digestate-Activated Biochars

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.782072 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Arianna Latini ◽

Fabio Fiorani ◽

Patrizia Galeffi ◽

Cristina Cantale ◽

Annamaria Bevivino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Wheat Straw ◽

Plant Traits ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Early Growth ◽

Basic Knowledge ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Wheat Varieties

This study aims to highlight the major effects of biochar incorporation into potting soil substrate on plant growth and performance in early growth stages of five elite Italian varieties of durum wheat (Triticum durum). The biochars used were obtained from two contrasting feedstocks, namely wood chips and wheat straw, by gasification under high temperature conditions, and were applied in a greenhouse experiment either as pure or as nutrient-activated biochar obtained by incubation with digestate. The results of the experiment showed that specific genotypes as well as different treatments with biochar have significant effects on plant response when looking at shoot traits related to growth. The evaluated genotypes could be clustered in two main distinct groups presenting, respectively, significantly increasing (Duilio, Iride, and Saragolla varieties) and decreasing (Marco Aurelio and Grecale varieties) values of projected shoot system area (PSSA), fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), and plant water loss by evapotranspiration (ET). All these traits were correlated with Pearson correlation coefficients ranging from 0.74 to 0.98. Concerning the treatment effect, a significant alteration of the mentioned plant traits was observed when applying biochar from wheat straw, characterized by very high electrical conductivity (EC), resulting in a reduction of 34.6% PSSA, 43.2% FW, 66.9% DW, and 36.0% ET, when compared to the control. Interestingly, the application of the same biochar after nutrient spiking with digestate determined about a 15–30% relief from the abovementioned reduction induced by the application of the sole pure wheat straw biochar. Our results reinforce the current basic knowledge available on biological soil amendments as biochar and digestate.

Reliability of the Minimum Masking Level as Outcome Variable in Tinnitus Clinical Research

American Journal of Audiology ◽

10.1044/2020_aja-20-00047 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 429-435

Author(s):

Patricia C. Mancini ◽

Richard S. Tyler ◽

Hyung Jin Jun ◽

Tang-Chuan Wang ◽

Helena Ji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

High Frequency ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

Reliable Estimate ◽

Moderate Correlation ◽

Trained Subjects ◽

The Relationship ◽

Minimum Intensity

Purpose The minimum masking level (MML) is the minimum intensity of a stimulus required to just totally mask the tinnitus. Treatments aimed at reducing the tinnitus itself should attempt to measure the magnitude of the tinnitus. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the MML. Method Sample consisted of 59 tinnitus patients who reported stable tinnitus. We obtained MML measures on two visits, separated by about 2–3 weeks. We used two noise types: speech-shaped noise and high-frequency emphasis noise. We also investigated the relationship between the MML and tinnitus loudness estimates and the Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire (THQ). Results There were differences across the different noise types. The within-session standard deviation averaged across subjects varied between 1.3 and 1.8 dB. Across the two sessions, the Pearson correlation coefficients, range was r = .84. There was a weak relationship between the dB SL MML and loudness, and between the MML and the THQ. A moderate correlation ( r = .44) was found between the THQ and loudness estimates. Conclusions We conclude that the dB SL MML can be a reliable estimate of tinnitus magnitude, with expected standard deviations in trained subjects of about 1.5 dB. It appears that the dB SL MML and loudness estimates are not closely related.

Comparative Responses to Squats Completed with Free Weights and an Exoskeleton

Gravitational and Space Research ◽

10.2478/gsr-2016-0005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 51-63

Author(s):

Peter Neuhaus ◽

Chris Jumonville ◽

Rachel A. Perry ◽

Roman Edwards ◽

Jake L. Martin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Female Athletes ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Actual Data ◽

Limited Data ◽

Comparative Similarity ◽

Insufficient Amount ◽

Force Data ◽

Familiarization Session

AbstractTo assess the comparative similarity of squat data collected as they wore a robotic exoskeleton, female athletes (n=14) did two exercise bouts spaced 14 days apart. Data from their exoskeleton workout was compared to a session they did with free weights. Each squat workout entailed a four-set, four-repetition paradigm with 60-second rest periods. Sets for each workout involved progressively heavier (22.5, 34, 45.5, 57 kg) loads. The same physiological, perceptual, and exercise performance dependent variables were measured and collected from both workouts. Per dependent variable, Pearson correlation coefficients, t-tests, and Cohen's d effect size compared the degree of similarity between values obtained from the exoskeleton and free weight workouts. Results show peak O2, heart rate, and peak force data produced the least variability. In contrast, far more inter-workout variability was noted for peak velocity, peak power, and electromyography (EMG) values. Overall, an insufficient amount of comparative similarity exists for data collected from both workouts. Due to the limited data similarity, the exoskeleton does not exhibit an acceptable degree of validity. Likely the cause for the limited similarity was due to the brief amount of familiarization subjects had to the exoskeleton prior to actual data collection. A familiarization session that accustomed subjects to squats done with the exoskeleton prior to actual data collection may have considerably improved the validity of data obtained from that device.

African Journal of Employee Relations (Formerly South African Journal of Labour Relations) ◽

Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Impact on Work-Home Interference in a South African Commuter Transport Engineering Company

10.25159/2520-3223/4553 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

Author(s):

Jan Christoff Visagie ◽

Michael M. Jones ◽

Herman L. Linde

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Leader Member Exchange ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Dyadic Relationship ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Engineering Company ◽

Member Exchange

The South African workplace is confronted with many leadership challenges, specifically those relating to the employment relationship between subordinates and their supervisors. A high-quality relationship is essential, considering the work-family spillovers employees experience. Limited research has been conducted on the potential positive and negative consequences of the leader-member exchange (LMX) dyadic relationship. In this study, we used a cross-sectional research design, and drew an employee sample (N = 120) from a commuter transport engineering company. A five-point Likert scale was employed and statistical analyses were carried out using the SAS statistical program. We calculated Pearson correlation coefficients and used structural equation modelling to test the proposed conceptual model to indicate possible correlations between the different variables. The main finding of the study was that the nature of the LMX relationship quality in the relevant company appeared to be high and positively related to work-home enrichment but negatively related to work-home conflict and role overload. The article concludes by making a number of suggestions to respond to challenges.

Tandem Mass Spectrometric Evaluation of Core Structures of Aromatic Compounds after Catalytic Deoxygenation

10.26434/chemrxiv.5410807.v1 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Xueming Dong

Keyword(s):

Aromatic Compounds ◽

Supported Catalyst ◽

Mass Spectrometric ◽

Spectrometric Method ◽

Aromatic Rings ◽

Tandem Mass Spectrometric ◽

Catalytic Deoxygenation ◽

Oxygen Atoms

Catalytic deoxygenation of coal enhances the stability and combustion performance of coal-derived liquids. However, determination of the selectivity of removal of oxygen atoms incorporated in or residing outside of aromatic rings is challenging. This limits the ability to evaluate the success of catalytic deoxygenation processes. A mass spectrometric method, in-source collision-activated dissociation (ISCAD), combined with high resolution product ion detection, is demonstrated to allow the determination of whether the oxygen atoms in aromatic compounds reside outside of aromatic rings or are part of the aromatic system, because alkyl chains can be removed from aromatic cores via ISCAD. Application of this method for the analysis of a subbituminous coal treated using a supported catalyst revealed that the catalytic treatment reduced the number of oxygen-containing heteroaromatic rings but not the number of oxygen atoms residing outside the aromatic rings.<br>

Tandem Mass Spectrometric Evaluation of Core Structures of Aromatic Compounds after Catalytic Deoxygenation

10.26434/chemrxiv.5410807 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Xueming Dong

Keyword(s):

Aromatic Compounds ◽

Supported Catalyst ◽

Mass Spectrometric ◽

Spectrometric Method ◽

Aromatic Rings ◽

Tandem Mass Spectrometric ◽

Catalytic Deoxygenation ◽

Oxygen Atoms

Mass Spectrometric Calibration Procedure for Real-Time Detection of Lighter Hydrocarbons

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14082123 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 2123

Author(s):

Makuachukwu F. Mbaegbu ◽

Puspa L. Adhikari ◽

Ipsita Gupta ◽

Mathew Rowe

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Mass Spectrometer ◽

Calibration Procedure ◽

Mass Spectrometric ◽

Spectrometric Method ◽

Mass Selection ◽

Mass Spectrometers ◽

Drilling Rig

Determining gas compositions from live well fluids on a drilling rig is critical for real time formation evaluation. Development and utilization of a reliable mass spectrometric method to accurately characterize these live well fluids are always challenging due to lack of a robust and effectively selective instrument and procedure. The methods currently utilized need better calibration for the characterization of light hydrocarbons (C1–C6) at lower concentrations. The primary goal of this research is to develop and optimize a powerful and reliable analytical method to characterize live well fluid using a quadruple mass spectrometer (MS). The mass spectrometers currently being used in the field have issues with detection, spectra deconvolution, and quantification of analytes at lower concentrations (10–500 ppm), particularly for the lighter (<30 m/z) hydrocarbons. The objectives of the present study are thus to identify the detection issues, develop and optimize a better method, calibrate and QA/QC the MS, and validate the MS method in lab settings. In this study, we used two mass spectrometers to develop a selective and precise method to quantitatively analyze low level lighter analytes (C1–C6 hydrocarbons) with masses <75 m/z at concentrations 10–500 ppm. Our results suggest that proper mass selection like using base peaks with m/z 15, 26, 41, 43, 73, and 87, respectively, for methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, and hexane can help detect and accurately quantify hydrocarbons from gas streams. This optimized method in quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) will be invaluable for early characterization of the fluid components from a live hydrocarbon well in the field in real time.