scholarly journals Transformation of the Watershed Basin of Udy River Within Kharkiv

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Catchment Area ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Ecological Functions ◽  
Catchment Basin ◽  
Anthropogenic Transformation ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Natural Landscapes ◽  
Geoinformation Modeling ◽  
Environmental Measures ◽  
The City

Purpose. To assess the extent of anthropogenic transformation of the landscape of watershed basin due to urban development and identify ways of normalizing the load on landscapes during the development of the city. Methods. In the course of the study, a set of methods was used: expert evaluation, cartographic methods (including cartometry operations) and geoinformation modeling of the relief. Results. In the course of the study, it was found that the urbogenic transformation of natural landscapes is primarily due to the formation of a system of land uses that prompts the replacement of the ecological functions of the landscape by public ones. The landscape differentiation of the catchment basin, based on geoinformation modeling of the terrain, made it possible to identify the spatial configuration and area of each of its subsystems. It was found that the floodplain subsystem occupies 8.47 %, the alluvial subsystem – 21.4 %, the slope subsystem – 17.49 %, and the watershed-plain – 52.64 % of the area of the studied catchment area. Conclusions. As a result of calculating the coefficients of transformation of land use types and their summation within each of the subsystems, it is established that the highest degree of transformation of landscapes has a watershed-plain subsystem. The average degree of transformation is characterized by the alluvial terrace and slope subsystems. The lowest index of anthropogenic transformation coefficient within the catchment area has a floodplain subsystem. For the territory of the floodplain, zoning of the territory according to the level of anthropogenic load on the landscape of the catchment area was carried out. Environmental measures are proposed for each of the zones.

scholarly journals Geoinformation modeling of antropogenic transformation of the basin geosystems (case study of Dnister right tributaries)

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
The State ◽  
Anthropogenic Changes ◽  
Anthropogenic Transformation ◽  
Natural Objects ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Geoinformation Modeling

The purpose of the article is to analyze anthropogenic transformation of river-basin geosystems of the outer Subcarpathian region by geoinformational modeling tools using various methods of quantitative estimation of anthropogenic pressure; comparison of modeling results on the basis of administrative-territorial and natural units, selection of optimal structural units for the study of anthropogenic changes in basin geosystems. Research methods. The features of estimation methods of anthropogenic transformation level of territorial complexes, based on various conceptual approaches to the study of anthropogenic changes in the components of the environment were investigated. In particular, the article compares methods of F.M. Milkov, P.G. Shyshchenko, E. Klementova and V. Geinige, P.P. Borschevsky, M.V. Boyarin, I.P. Kovalchuk, N.M. Ridey and D.L. Shofolov, A.M. Tretyak and others and by the means of geoinformation modeling of river-basin geosystems (namely, the case study of the outer Subcarpathian Dniester tributaries) shows the degree of representativeness of the results produced by each of them. It is noted that the technique by P.G. Shyshchenko allows to more accurately reflect the state of anthropogenic transformation of the river-basin system’s natural conditions Results. A range of digital cartographic models was developed to evaluate and compare anthropogenic transformation level of the two Carpathian basin systems and to identify similar and distinctive features of the state and the transformation level of the basin systems’ natural environment andstability of agricultural and forest landscapes in the studied basin geosystems. In particular, the study has revealed that the anthropogenic transformation of the outer Carpathian river basins is rising downstream. In the upper parts of the basins, it manifests itself in deforestation, while in the lower parts agricultural influence dominates. In addition, the index of anthropogenic transformation is rising with an increase in the order of sub-basins. The worst conditions of agro-landscapes are observed in the reclaimed valleys of the main rivers and their tributaries (due to the considerable level of plowing in the plain parts of the basins due to low fertility of soils, high levels of their acidity, degradation processes and chemical pollution). Stable territories are inherent exclusively in sub-basins which remain in their natural state or bear only traces of human activity. Settlements, which influence adjacent areas, are characterized by unsustainable land use. As for anthropogenic transformation, in the basin geosystem of the Berezhnytsia river its indicators increase upwards due to an increase in the share of arable land. On the contrary, in the basin of Bystrica much more land is occupied by industrial facilities, which affect the components of the geosystem the hardest. In this regard, the largest values of nature anthropogenic transformation indicators are found in the northern part of the basin and upstream of the city of Nadvirna and the town of Bykiv. Scientific significance. Case study of the administrative regions and the river basin located within them reveals the advantages of studying the geoenvironmental state of the territories according to their natural geographic taxonomic units, which allows to determine the most strained areas in geosystems. Particular attention is paid to the choice of optimum sized geospatial objects during the study of diverse basin systems. River sub-basins of the third order (according to the classification scheme of A. Strahler) were chosen to this purpose. Their size corresponds to that of the combined territorial communities’ area. The importance of formation a database that reflects on the state of the geospatial entities under study is emphasized. For this purpose, it is appropriate to convey the structure of land use, represented by indices of different land cover and land use types (protected areas, forest covered areas, swamps and wetlands, meadows, gardens and vineyards), arable land, land under rural and urban development, natural objects modified by human activities (reservoirs , ponds, channels), land utilized by industry and transport in each investigated object. The article shows that the best solution to this problem is provided by the processing of high-resolution spatial (in panchromatic and multispectral) remote sensing data. The most appropriate in this case are QuickBird satellite imagery, designed to create and update topographic maps and plans, to make inventories of forests and agricultural lands and to assess their condition, therefore allowing mapping of land use types that are not identified in statistical inventories. Practical significance. The results of this work will be helpful in selecting the specific technique allowing the most complete representation of anthropogenic transformation of natural objects; in choosing the most optimal spatial units to carry out the analysis and, accordingly, to fill in the database. The developed models reveal the most anthropogenically loaded parts of river-basin geosystems of the outer Subcarpathian region, which is essential for the extrapolation of the obtained results to other right tributaries of the Dniester River.

scholarly journals Parking Places to Moped-Style Scooter Sharing Services Using GIS Location-Allocation Models and GPS Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Onel Pérez-Fernández ◽  
Juan Carlos García-Palomares
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Gps Data ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Location Allocation ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
The City

Moped-style scooters are one of the most popular systems of micro-mobility. They are undoubtedly good for the city, as they promote forms of environmentally-friendly mobility, in which flexibility helps prevent traffic build-up in the urban centers where they operate. However, their increasing numbers are also generating conflicts as a result of the bad behavior of users, their unwarranted use in public spaces, and above all their parking. This paper proposes a methodology for finding parking spaces for shared motorcycle services using Geographic information system (GIS) location-allocation models and Global Positioning System (GPS) data. We used the center of Madrid and data from the company Muving (one of the city’s main operators) for our case study. As well as finding the location of parking spaces for motorbikes, our analysis examines how the varying distribution of demand over the course of the day affects the demand allocated to parking spaces. The results demonstrate how reserving a relatively small number of parking spaces for scooters makes it possible to capture over 70% of journeys in the catchment area. The daily variations in the distribution of demand slightly reduce the efficiency of the network of parking spaces in the morning and increase it at night, when demand is strongly focused on the most central areas.

Natural and anthropogenic impacts on the composition of lake sediments

2008 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 411-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Eskola ◽  
V. Peuraniemi
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Human Impact ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
World War ◽  
Small Lakes ◽  
Anthropogenic Effect ◽  
The City

AbstractLake sediments were studied from four lakes in environmentally different areas in northern Finland. Lakes Pyykösjärvi and Kuivasjärvi are situated near roads with heavy traffic and the city of Oulu. Lakes Martinlampi and Umpilampi are small lakes in a forest area with no immediate human impact nearby. The concentration of Pb increases in the upper parts of the sedimentary columns of Lake Kuivasjärvi and Lake Pyykösjärvi. This is interpreted as being an anthropogenic effect related to heavy traffic in the area and use of Lake Pyykösjärvi as an airport during World War II. High Ni and Zn concentrations in the Lake Umpilampi sediments are caused by weathered black schists. Sediments in Lake Martinlampi show high Pb and Zn contents with increasing Pb concentrations up through the sedimentary column. The sources of these elements are probably Pb-Zn mineralization in the bedrock, Pb-Zn-rich boulders and anomalous Pb and Zn contents in till in the catchment area of the lake.

CITY PARK AS A NATURAL-ANTHROPOGENIC OBJECT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE PARK OF THE 50th ANNIVERSARY OF VLKSM IN THE CITY OF YEKATERINBURG)

2021 ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
L. I. ATKINA ◽  
◽  
L. V. BULATOVA ◽  
L. P. ABRAMOVA
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Peat Bogs ◽  
Anthropogenic Transformation ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
The City ◽  
City Park

Based on a comprehensive assessment of the state of the park landscape, the level of its anthropogenic transformation is determined, which is necessary to identify the potential for restoring the natural biodiversity of the object. It is reported that the plantations and soil cover of the park of the 50th anniversary of VLKSM are very heterogeneous; they reflect the history of park establishment. The soil cover consists of three main types: sod, bog and urbanozem. It should be stressed that the best preserved part of the park is the plot with boggy soils around the pond. Herbaceous plants growing on the plot are very similar to the species composition of the ground cover of overgrown peat bogs. Over the 40 years since the foundation of the park, a high level of pollutants has been accumulated in the soil, which allows us to state that the negative impact occurs constantly. Consequently, the existing plantings are insufficient to protect visitors from vehicle emissions from the roads along Yasnaya and Shaumyana streets. There are enough natural elements in the park of the 50th anniversary of VLKSM; this should be taken into account in its redevelopment. There is an opportunity to restore the reservoir and return the plantings to their natural appearance. It is proposed to add elements of landscape decoration in the park.

scholarly journals PLANNING OF PRIVATE GATED DEVELOPMENT: AN ANALYSIS OF GATED VS NON-GATED NEIGHBOURHOODS, CITY OF GURUGRAM, INDIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Space Syntax ◽  
Gated Community ◽  
Neighbourhood Environment ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
The City

The cities are expanding rapidly all over the world. India has also experienced this phenomenon and has continued the pace of growth. The recent trends in spatial growth of the cities are a new phenomenon in Indian urban landscape. The cities in India are witnessing development with the help of private developers for the last couple of decades. Being private properties these are by nature of exercising control have gates and boundaries. In scholarly literature these are called as Gated Community/Gated Development. Authors have argued them from various perspectives of anthropology, law, management and sociology etc. but very little has been discussed about their planning and morphology. Although, the rise of Gated Development is majorly attributed to the sense of fear and need for security, yet architects and urban designers, and even sociologist stress upon other methods to make the neighbourhoods secured. Hence the security aspects are not made part of the research here. The aspects of how these gated development impacts the perception of neighbourhood by residents is not touched upon. The paper discusses the distinction between the gated and non-gated neighbourhoods and also how residents perceive their neighbourhoods at large. For explaining this phenomenon, three neighbourhoods in the city of Gurugram in Haryana state in India have been identified as case study. These are identified on the basis of different morphological images that are identified. Space syntax and space cognition through sketch mapping is used for the analysis of the three neighbourhoods. The paper suggest that the continuity and connectivity of any spatial configuration is of utmost importance to make neighbourhood environment worthy of living life more socially connected.

scholarly journals Assessment of the water pollution level and the environmental status of rivers in the Siverskyi Donets basin by BOD5

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-101
Author(s):  
N. S. Loboda ◽  
І. V. Katynska ◽  
О. V. Smalii
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Donets Basin ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Main River ◽  
Environmental Status ◽  
The City ◽  
Hydrochemical Index

The paper topicality consists in the necessity for determination of the environmental status of the rivers in the Siverskyi Donets Basin and assessment of the possibilities for them to achieve ‘good environmental status’ under the modern climatic conditions and the anthropogenic load. Siverskyi Donets is the main river in the Eastern Ukraine. There are large industrial zones at the water catchment area. Among them, there are the Donetsk Coal Basin and the industrial complexes within the City of Kharkiv, which have exerted influence on surface water quality for decades. A method for assessment of the pollution level and the environmental status of waters by the hydrochemical index of BOD5 (biochemical oxygen demand for 5 days) is used in the paper. The paper is aimed at identification of the main trends in water quality changes by hydrochemical index of BOD5. The object of research is a pollution of the rivers at the Siverskyi Donets Basin by industrial, municipal and mine wastewaters. The subject of research is an assessment of water qualitative status by BOD5. The hydrochemical observation data for 7 gauges at the main river and 7 tributaries for the period of 1990-2015 were used in the paper. The major attention is focused on the most polluted rivers in the Eastern Ukraine: the Udy and the Kryvyi Torets. The quality of the Udy River water is largely determined by the municipal wastewater from Kharkiv. The Kryvyi Torets River belongs to the Donbas rivers, where pollution by mine water and wastewater from industrial enterprises is significant. Pollution levels, environmental status and saprobity were determined by the average annual indices of BOD5. Empirical probabilities for occurrence of a certain pollution parameter at various gauges were calculated for comparative analysis. It is found that a BOD5 downward trend has been prevalent on the rivers at the Siverskyi Donets catchment area in the early 21st century. The highest BOD5 values were observed on the Donbas tributaries and the Udy River (downstream from the City of Kharkiv), as well as upstream and downstream from Lysychansk, and the lowest ones were observed on the Oskil River. It is also revealed that in the early 21st century, the main river water has a ‘threshold’ environmental status (β-mesosaprobic zone), except for the Lysychansk gauge, where the status is ‘irreversibly altered’ owing to the inflow of polluted water from Donbas rivers into the Siverskyi Donets. Research into the Udy River water quality upstream and downstream from the industrial city of Kharkiv has shown that the water in the upper reaches of this river is classified as ‘clean’ and ‘moderately polluted’, and the environmental status may become ‘good’ in the future. Downstream from the city, the water is mostly ‘dirty’, and the environmental status is ‘irreversibly altered’, which corresponds to the α-mesosaprobic zone. For the Kryvyi Torets River (the Donbas Region), owing to the impact of organic pollution, the environmental status is defined as ‘threshold’, ‘irreversibly altered’ and it has begun to deteriorate in recent years. To improve the environmental status of the Donbas rivers, the reduction in discharges of untreated municipal and industrial wastewater into surface watercourses, as well as the construction of state-of-the-art sewage treatment plants are necessary.

Urban mobility in the Olympic City: a "transportation revolution" in Rio de Janeiro?

TERRITORIO ◽  
2013 ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Rodrigues Juciano Martins
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Urban Dynamics ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mega Sports Events ◽  
The City ◽  
Vulnerable Population Groups

In the next few years Brazil will receive the largest sum of investment in urban transport in the history of the country for the coming mega sports events. Theoretically, these investments should address the transport crisis that Brazilian cities are experiencing. The paper shows that the issue of transportation is present on the public agenda and in planning connected with mega events in strictly engineering terms. The ‘question of urban transportation' is introduced and a discussion is given of its connection with the preparation of cities for the mega sports events starting with Rio de Janeiro. Here the huge resources involved will probably have deep impacts on urban dynamics and on the socio-spatial configuration of the city without, however, providing solutions to the long standing transportation problems of the more vulnerable population groups.

Impact of landscape pattern change on runoff processes in catchment area of the Ulungur River Basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1046-1058
Author(s):  
Fan Gao ◽  
Bing He ◽  
Songsong Xue ◽  
Yizhen Li
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Landscape Pattern ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Monthly Runoff ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Based on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, the monthly runoff processes of two land-use types in 2000 and 2015 were simulated in this paper. The relationship between runoff and landscape pattern was analyzed, and the spatial correlation between runoff and landscape pattern analyzed using the geographic weighted regression model combined with the change of landscape pattern in the study area from 2000 to 2015. The results show the following. (1) The SWAT model can simulate the monthly runoff processes in the catchment area of the Ulungur River Basin (URB) under different land-use types for 2000 and 2015, but the simulation effect in 2000 was found to be better than that in 2015. (2) From 2000 to 2015, the area of woodland and grassland decreased. Runoff was positively correlated with woodland, grassland, largest patch index, mean patch area (AREA_MN), and contagion index, and negatively correlated with others. This indicates that the landscape fragmentation of URB was aggravated in 2000–2015, the landscape balance was destroyed, and the ability of rainfall interception and water conservation was weakened. (3) Landscape pattern indicators of grassland had a negative spatial impact on URB runoff, and the northern region of URB was more severely affected in 2015 than in 2000. AREA_MN landscape pattern index had a positive impact on runoff in the northern part of URB, and the positive impact in northern URB in 2000 was better than that in 2015.

scholarly journals Tree Species Diversity and Socioeconomic Perspectives of the Urban (Food) Forest of Accra, Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertrand Nero ◽  
Nana Kwapong ◽  
Raymond Jatta ◽  
Oluwole Fatunbi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Food System ◽  
Food Policy ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Urban Forestry ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
The City

Urban and peri-urban forestry has emerged as a complementary measure to contribute towards eliminating urban hunger and improved nutritional security. However, there is scanty knowledge about the composition, diversity, and socioeconomic contributions of urban food trees in African cities. This paper examines the diversity and composition of the urban forest and food trees of Accra and sheds light on perceptions of urbanites regarding food tree cultivation and availability in the city. Using a mixed methods approach, 105 respondents in six neighborhoods of Accra were interviewed while over 200 plots (100-m2 each) were surveyed across five land use types. Twenty-two out of the 70 woody species in Accra have edible parts (leaves, fruits, flowers, etc.). The food-tree abundance in the city is about half of the total number of trees enumerated. The species richness and abundance of the food trees and all trees in the city were significantly different among land use types (p < 0.0001) and neighborhood types (p < 0.0001). The diversity of food-bearing tree species was much higher in the poorer neighborhoods than in the wealthier neighborhoods. Respondents in wealthier neighborhoods indicated that tree and food-tree cover of the city was generally low and showed greater interest in cultivating food (fruit) trees and expanding urban forest cover than poorer neighborhoods. These findings demonstrate the need for urban food policy reforms that integrate urban-grown tree foods in the urban food system/culture.

Recent Paleolimnology of Three Lakes in Northwestern Minnesota

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary H. Birks ◽  
M.C. Whiteside ◽  
Donna M. Stark ◽  
R.C. Bright
Keyword(s):  
Catchment Area ◽  
Plant Macrofossils ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Sedimentation Rates ◽  
Minnesota Lakes ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
The City ◽  
Integrated Study ◽  
Elk Lake

A paleolimnological study was undertaken to investigate changes in three Minnesota lakes over the last 100 years and to demonstrate the stratigraphic effects of cultural eutrophication in two of them. The study combined the analysis of the lake sediment from short cores with stratigraphic analyses of pollen, plant macrofossils, mollusks, diatoms and certain other algae, chydorid Cladocera, and Daphnia ephippia.The rise of Ambrosia type pollen (ragweed) marks the onset of interference with the landscape by European man, which can be closely dated. Calculations of sedimentation rates from this base gave reasonable correlations of other stratigraphic events with historical events.Elk Lake is considered “unpolluted” today and was chosen as a control. Man's effects are limited to logging some of the surrounding forest and to the construction of a dam. Small changes in the lake's fauna and flora are demonstrated, showing the sensitivity of the lake to changes in its catchment area.Lake Sallie and St. Clair Lake, in the same watershed as the city of Detroit Lakes, have been affected not only by logging but also by addition of nutrients from agricultural runoff and sewage effluent. Considerable responses by the lake organisms are apparent. In Lake Sallie the changes were gradual, but in St. Clair Lake they were very abrupt because the lake was partially drained at the same time and the water volume was thereby reduced.The merits of such an integrated study, the types of information gained from the analyses of the various fossils, and the wider application of the results are discussed.

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