scholarly journals Daily dynamics of oligosaccharides, amylase and invertase activity in wheat lines isogenic for PPD genes under conditions of different photoperiod

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Acid Invertase ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Short Photoperiod ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Outflow Rate ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Long Photoperiod

The paper presents the results of the study of the accumulation dependence and outflow of soluble carbohydrates and amylases and invertase activity on the state of PPD genes in leaves of isolines of winter wheat soft Triticum aestivum L. under the influence of different photoperiod durations. As plant material used monogenic dominant nearly isogenic by genes PPD (photoperiod) lines of winter wheat created in the genotype of Mironovskaya 808 variety: PPD-D1a, PPD-В1a, PPD-A1a and the variety, which is the carrier of exclusively recessive alleles of three genes ppd. Experiments were carried out in field and greenhouse conditions, the test plants were cultivating in contrasting photoperiodic conditions: 16 hours – a long day and 9:00 – a short day. The content, accumulation, outflow of oligosaccharides and the speed of these processes in plant leaves were determined by fixing the material during the photoperiodic cycle – “morning”, “evening”, and “morning of the next photoperiodic cycle”. The activity of the main enzymes of the carbohydrate metabolism of oligosaccharides – acid invertase and amylolytic complex was determined in the middle of the light period. According to the results of the experiments, it was found that under the conditions of a short photoperiod at the beginning and at the end of the light period, as well as at the end of the dark period (in the next photoperiodic cycle), the content of oligosaccharides in all the studied lines, regardless of their genotype in PPD genes, was lower than during these periods of the diurnal cycle under conditions of a long photoperiod. A short photoperiod caused a decrease in both the total accumulation of carbohydrates during the light period and their outflow during the night period for all the isolines and the variety, in comparison to the conditions of a long photoperiod. The outflow rate for all lines and the variety under the conditions of a short photoperiod was also lower than under the conditions of a long photoperiod and did not depend on their genotype for the PPD genes. It was shown that the PPD-B1a line, which proceeds to heading more slowly, is characterized by the maximum rate of oligosaccharide accumulation, but the minimum outflow rate. At the same time, the PPD-D1a and PPD-A1a lines, which switch to heading much faster than the PPD-B1a line, show the opposite regularities. It was revealed that under the influence of a short photoperiod in all studied lines and cultivar, regardless to the genotype for the PPD genes, the activity of amylases increased, compared with activity under the conditions of a long photoperiod, the activity of acid invertase changed differently. The highest level of invertase activity under conditions of a short photoperiod in the PPD-B1a line and cultivar coincides with the highest amylase activity and a more intense night outflow of oligosaccharides. The position is discussed that PPD genes or a certain combination of their state (dominant/recessive) may determine the development rate of the studied lines indirectly, in particular, through participation in the regulation of oligosaccharides metabolism.

scholarly journals 782 PB 424 INVERTASE ACTIVITY AND CARBOHYDRATE COMPOSITION IN DEVELOPING ANTIRRHINUM MAJUS L. FLOWERS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 545a-545
Author(s):  
Ricardo Campos ◽  
William B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Acid Invertase ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Open Flower ◽  
Unknown Compound ◽  
Hexose Sugars

The relationship between the activity of soluble acid invertase and metabolism of soluble carbohydrates was investigated in snapdragon flowers. Flowers were harvested at three different developmental stages, and at four different dates. Soluble carbohydrates were extracted and analyzed by HPLC; invertase activity was determined in crude enzyme extracts. Sucrose concentration slowly increased throughout flower development from a closed bud to a fully open flower. Fructose and glucose concentration were relatively lower at the bud stage, increased during petal elongation, then slightly decreased at flower maturity. Mannitol concentration showed little change during flower development. An unknown compound increased in concentration during petal elongation and decreased at maturity. For all harvest dates, the specific activity of acid invertase increased with flower development. These results show a positive correlation of invertase activity and hexose sugars accumulation. It is possible that at maturity sugars are metabolized at a faster rate than produced, causing a slight decline in hexose sugars.

Characteristics of winter bread wheat lines developed with the use of spelt wheat

2019 ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
I.P. Diordiieva
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Remote Hybridization ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Wheat Spike

Aim. To create bread wheat lines with valuable economic and biological traits as initial breeding material by hybridization of Triticum aestivum L. and Triticum spelta L. Results and Discussion. The study was conducted at Uman NUH. Bread wheat accessions were created by remote hybridization and multiple individual selections. Hybrid offspring F2–5 was analyzed for expression of economically valuable characteristics. In the 5th generation (F5), the best specimens were selected and tested in 2012–2018 (F5–F10). Bread winter wheat variety Podolianka was used as a check variety. The systematic method of arranging plots of 10 m2 was used. The plots were arranged in blocks with a density of 400,000 plants/ha in 5 replications. Biometric measurements were carried out on 50 plants selected from each plot in 2 non-adjoining replications. After observations and measurements, grain was threshed, and the yield capacity was determined. The significance of the study results was evaluated as Ye. R. Ermantraut et al. described (2000).The developed accessions differed in expression of economically valuable traits. The plant height varied within 52–112 cm. Middle and short forms were selected. The gluten content varied within 27.5–38.1 %. The lines were grouped according to the spike shape into 5 different morphotypes: speltoids, forms with a typical bread wheat spike, square heads, subcompactoids and compactoids. Short square head accession 1689 and accession 1692 with a typical bread wheat spike were distinguished by several economically valuable features. Conclusions. Remote hybridization of bread winter wheat with spelt enabled developing over 500 bread wheat lines. Forms combining high performance and high grain quality were selected, in particular accession 1689 containing 32.4 % of gluten, 15.8 % of protein and giving a yield of 7.19 t/ha. Hybridization of bread wheat with spelt created variety Artaplot included in the State Register of Plant Varieties suitable for dissemination in Ukraine in 2019.

Effect of Photoperiod at Different Growth Stages on the Initiation of Spikelet Primordia in Wheat

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Pinthus ◽  
H Nerson
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Central Portion ◽  
Short Photoperiod ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Final Number ◽  
Long Photoperiod ◽  
Different Growth Stages ◽  
Double Ridge

Leaf and spikelet initiation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was studied on plants grown in cabinets under a range of constant photoperiod regimes and on plants transferred, at different growth stages, between these regimes. The existence of genotypically specific limits to the effects of short photoperiods on the delay in floral initiation and on the increase in the number of spikelets was demonstrated. A long photoperiod applied after the onset of apex elongation, but not earlier, induced the differentiation of spikelets in the axils of already existing primordia, which under a short photoperiod would have developed into leaves. The initiation of the terminal spikelet was induced by a long photoperiod applied not later than the double ridge stage. The final number of spikelets had been determined by the time of swelling of the spikelet primordia in the central portion of the spike.

scholarly journals Effects of plant density and nitrogen fertilization in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). 1. Production pattern and grain yield.

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-153
Author(s):  
J. Ellen
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Production Pattern

Winter wheat cv. Arminda sown on 8 Oct. 1979 at 45 or 125 kg seed/ha was given 60 kg N/ha between 29 Mar. and 23 May at Zadoks growth stage 22, 27, 30, 31, 32 or 37, and a further 80 kg N/ha on 6 June at Zadoks stage 45. Delay in applying N reduced the number of tillers/plant and increased the number of grains/ear but had little effect on number of grains/msuperscript 2, progressively decreased 1000-grain wt and decreased leaf area per plant, per tiller and per msuperscript 2. Higher shoot wt before anthesis was more closely correlated with final grain wt than with grain number. Main stems and side tillers differed in development, growth rate, leaf area, specific leaf area and ear DM content. N uptake was faster the later the N was applied but the efficiency of that N in DM production was reduced and the N content of vegetative plant parts, particularly at low plant density, and of grain was considerably increased. Contents and amounts of water-soluble carbohydrates in stems, leaves and chaff were generally lower at low plant density. Differences in date of N application resulted in different levels and amounts of water-soluble carbohydrates at ripening. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Interaction of VRN and PPD genes in the regulation of the development of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
V. V. Zhmurko
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Short Photoperiod ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Vrn Genes ◽  
Developmental Effects ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Wheat Development ◽  
Dominant Genes

Aim. To reveal the effects of the VRN and PPD genes on the rate of development of winter wheat in absence of vernalization and after its completion with different durations of the photoperiod. Methods. Winter-type development lines of the Mironovskaya 808 variety, isogenic with respect to the PPD genes. VRN genes are recessive in all lines. Plants were grown under the conditions of a growing experiment from non-vernalized seeds (1 group of all lines), and also after vernalization (2 group of all lines) at 20-22°C. Both groups were grown under long (18 hours) and short (9 hours) photoperiods. The pace of development was determined by the timing of the transition of plants to spiking. Results. In the absence of vernalization on a short day, isogenic lines with dominant genes PPD-D1a and PPD-B1a and cultivar (all genes are PPD recessive) passed to earing, and the line with the dominant PPD-A1a gene remained in the tillering phase until the end of the experiment. On a long day, all investigated lines and cultivar did not spike until the end of the experiment (200 days). After vernalization was completed, all the studied lines under the conditions of a short photoperiod were earing later than on a long day, but the line with the dominant PPD-B1a gene was the latest. Conclusions. The VRN and PPD genes interact in the regulation of winter wheat development - they are “interchangeable” in terms of developmental effects depending on a combination of temperature and photoperiodic conditions. Keywords: winter wheat, (Triticum aestivum L.), vernalization, photoperiod, development rates, VRN and PPD genes.

Impact of water availability on winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) yield characteristics

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Klupács ◽  
Á. Tarnawa ◽  
I. Balla ◽  
M. Jolánkai
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Average Depth ◽  
Experimental Site ◽  
Yield Quality

Water supply of crop plants is the most essential physiological condition influencing quality and quantity performance of grain yield. In a 12-year experimental series of winter wheat agronomic trials run at the Nagygombos experimental site (Hungary) the effect of water availability has been studied. The location represents the typical average lowland conditions of the country, the annual precipitation of the experimental site belonging to the 550–600 mm belt of the Northern edges of the Great Hungarian Plain, while the average depth of groundwater varies between 2 to 3 metres. Crop years with various precipitation patterns have had different impacts on crop yield quality and quantity. Yield figures were in positive correlation with annual precipitation in general. Water availability had diverse influence on quality manifestation. Good water supply has often resulted in poorer grain quality, especially wet gluten and Hagberg values have been affected by that. Drought reduced the amount of yield in general, but contributed to a better quality manifestation in some of the crop years.

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