scholarly journals 782 PB 424 INVERTASE ACTIVITY AND CARBOHYDRATE COMPOSITION IN DEVELOPING ANTIRRHINUM MAJUS L. FLOWERS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 545a-545
Author(s):  
Ricardo Campos ◽  
William B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Acid Invertase ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Open Flower ◽  
Unknown Compound ◽  
Hexose Sugars

The relationship between the activity of soluble acid invertase and metabolism of soluble carbohydrates was investigated in snapdragon flowers. Flowers were harvested at three different developmental stages, and at four different dates. Soluble carbohydrates were extracted and analyzed by HPLC; invertase activity was determined in crude enzyme extracts. Sucrose concentration slowly increased throughout flower development from a closed bud to a fully open flower. Fructose and glucose concentration were relatively lower at the bud stage, increased during petal elongation, then slightly decreased at flower maturity. Mannitol concentration showed little change during flower development. An unknown compound increased in concentration during petal elongation and decreased at maturity. For all harvest dates, the specific activity of acid invertase increased with flower development. These results show a positive correlation of invertase activity and hexose sugars accumulation. It is possible that at maturity sugars are metabolized at a faster rate than produced, causing a slight decline in hexose sugars.

scholarly journals Changes in Soluble Carbohydrates in Floral Organs of Lilium longiflorum during Flower Development

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 682c-682
Author(s):  
Anil P. Ranwala ◽  
William B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Open Flower ◽  
Stage 1

Easter lily flower buds at five stages of development (stage 1, 3–4 cm in length; stage 2, 6–7 cm; stage 3, 9–10 cm; stage 4, unopened buds, 13–14 cm; and stage 5, open flower one day after anthesis) were harvested, and flower organs were dissected for carbohydrate analysis. Extracting soluble sugars in distilled water at 70°C gave the optimum yield of soluble sugars among the several extraction methods tested including 80% ethanol, and distilled water at various temperatures. Separation of the extracted soluble sugars by alkaline high performance anion exchange chromatography revealed the presence of glucose, fructose, sucrose, and two other sugars of unknown identity. Glucose and fructose concentrations increased remarkably during the flower development in sepal (about 15-fold), style (about 10-fold), and filament (about 5-fold), while sucrose levels remained constant at low concentrations. In stigma, sucrose levels increased parallel to the increase of hexose sugars during development. Ovary had high sucrose levels relative to hexoses that remained constant while hexoses increased gradually. In anther, hexose concentrations increased at the stage 2 and then dropped at stage 3 and 4. Sucrose levels were higher than hexoses in anther, and it increased from stage 1 to stage 2, then dropped at stage 3, and increased thereafter. In addition to these sugars, anthers at stages 2 and 3 had a series of late eluting oligosaccharides. These oligosaccharides could be hydrolyzed to glucose with hot 1 m H2SO4 or with amyloglucosidase.

scholarly journals Daily dynamics of oligosaccharides, amylase and invertase activity in wheat lines isogenic for PPD genes under conditions of different photoperiod

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Acid Invertase ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Short Photoperiod ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Outflow Rate ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Long Photoperiod

The paper presents the results of the study of the accumulation dependence and outflow of soluble carbohydrates and amylases and invertase activity on the state of PPD genes in leaves of isolines of winter wheat soft Triticum aestivum L. under the influence of different photoperiod durations. As plant material used monogenic dominant nearly isogenic by genes PPD (photoperiod) lines of winter wheat created in the genotype of Mironovskaya 808 variety: PPD-D1a, PPD-В1a, PPD-A1a and the variety, which is the carrier of exclusively recessive alleles of three genes ppd. Experiments were carried out in field and greenhouse conditions, the test plants were cultivating in contrasting photoperiodic conditions: 16 hours – a long day and 9:00 – a short day. The content, accumulation, outflow of oligosaccharides and the speed of these processes in plant leaves were determined by fixing the material during the photoperiodic cycle – “morning”, “evening”, and “morning of the next photoperiodic cycle”. The activity of the main enzymes of the carbohydrate metabolism of oligosaccharides – acid invertase and amylolytic complex was determined in the middle of the light period. According to the results of the experiments, it was found that under the conditions of a short photoperiod at the beginning and at the end of the light period, as well as at the end of the dark period (in the next photoperiodic cycle), the content of oligosaccharides in all the studied lines, regardless of their genotype in PPD genes, was lower than during these periods of the diurnal cycle under conditions of a long photoperiod. A short photoperiod caused a decrease in both the total accumulation of carbohydrates during the light period and their outflow during the night period for all the isolines and the variety, in comparison to the conditions of a long photoperiod. The outflow rate for all lines and the variety under the conditions of a short photoperiod was also lower than under the conditions of a long photoperiod and did not depend on their genotype for the PPD genes. It was shown that the PPD-B1a line, which proceeds to heading more slowly, is characterized by the maximum rate of oligosaccharide accumulation, but the minimum outflow rate. At the same time, the PPD-D1a and PPD-A1a lines, which switch to heading much faster than the PPD-B1a line, show the opposite regularities. It was revealed that under the influence of a short photoperiod in all studied lines and cultivar, regardless to the genotype for the PPD genes, the activity of amylases increased, compared with activity under the conditions of a long photoperiod, the activity of acid invertase changed differently. The highest level of invertase activity under conditions of a short photoperiod in the PPD-B1a line and cultivar coincides with the highest amylase activity and a more intense night outflow of oligosaccharides. The position is discussed that PPD genes or a certain combination of their state (dominant/recessive) may determine the development rate of the studied lines indirectly, in particular, through participation in the regulation of oligosaccharides metabolism.

scholarly journals Possible role of growth regulators in adaptation to heat stress affecting partitioning of photosynthates in tomato plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zofia Starck ◽  
Elżbieta Cieśla
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Acid Invertase ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Different Response

Tomato plants of two cultivars: Roma - sensitive and Robin - tolerant to heat stress were grown in greenhouse up to the flowering stage and then under controlled environmen­tal conditions. The partitioning of recently fixed <sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> by mature tomato leaves was examined as a posteffect of 24-h heat stress (38/25°C day/night) with the interaction of growth regulators (GR) sprayed on the flowers with solution of β-naphthoxyacetic (NOA) and gibberellic (GA<sub>3</sub>) acid (denoted as NG), or Zeatin + NOA + GA<sub>3</sub> (denoted as ZNG). In both cuitivars GR strongly stimulated fruit growth and transport of <sup>14</sup>C-photosynthates to the clusters at the expense of vegetative organs. Heat stress decreased export of <sup>14</sup>C-phoiosynthates from the blades in plants not treated with GR, but even more in cv. Roma. In Roma plants not treated with GR (with very small fruitlets and fruits) the heat stress retarded <sup>14</sup>C-transport just in the petioles, diminishing the <sup>14</sup>C-supply to the fruits. Reduction of the current photosynthate supplied to the fruits seems to be causally connected with inhibition of the specific activity of acid invertase in that organ. Growth regulators reduced the negative effect of high temperature - they alleviated depression of <sup>14</sup>C-export from the blades and increased invertase activity. <sup>14</sup>C-photosynthate transport to the fruits, presumably owing to their higher sink strength, was less affected by heat stress. In Robin plants (which had bigger fruits during the experiment) high temperature depressed <sup>14</sup>C-fruit supply only in the NG-series, in contrast to enhacement of <sup>14</sup>C-Movement to that sink in the control and ZNG-series. In spite of these facts, after heat stress, the specific activity of acid invertase decreased in all the experimental series, but much less in the GR-treated series. Therefore, in the Robin cv. there was no relation between invertase activity and <sup>14</sup>C-mobilization by fruits, as was observed in Roma plants. The possible explanation of the different response of the two cultivars with contrasting sensitivity to heat stress; with special reference to the role of GR; diminishing injury of the plants by high temperature is discussed.

scholarly journals Diverse response of tomato fruit explants to high temperature

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 165-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zofia Starck ◽  
Barbara Witek-Czupryńska
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Acid Invertase ◽  
Sucrose Uptake ◽  
Soluble Acid Invertase

Tomato explants (fruit with a pedicel and a piece of peduncle), with fruit growth stimulated by treating the flowers with NOA + GA&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; (NG-series) were used as a model system for studying the effect of high temperature on C-sucrose uptake, its distribution and Ca retranslocation. Two cultivars with contrasting responses to high temperature were compared. In sensitive cv. Roma heat stress during 22h (40&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C for 10h and 30&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C for 12h), drastically depressed the uptake of <sup>14</sup>C-sucrose coinciding with diminished fruit <sup>14</sup>C-supply. It also decreased the specific activity of soluble acid invertase and the calcium content. All these strong negative responses to high temperature were markedly reduced in the NG-treated series involving remobilization of Ca to the fruits and a higher stability of the invertase activity. This indicates the indirect role of flower treatment with NG in addaptation to heat stress. In tolerant cv. Robin even higher temperatures (42&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C for 10h and 34&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C for 12h) were not stressful. They did not affect the <sup>14</sup>C-sucrose uptake and stimulated <sup>14</sup>C-supply to the fruit. Increased specific activity of acid invertase and a higher calcium content were also recorded but only in the control explants. In contrast to cv. Roma elevated temperature was slightly stressful for cv. Robin explants of NG-series. The differences in response of both cultivar explants to elevated temperature, based on unequal fruit supply with <sup>14</sup>C-sucrose, seem to be causaly connected with two factors: the invertase activity being more or less sensitive to the heat stress, the ability to translocate Ca to the heated fruits.

scholarly journals Developmental Changes in Soluble and Cell Wall-bound Invertases in Floral Organs of Lilium longiflorum

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 581f-582
Author(s):  
Anil P. Ranwala ◽  
William B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Lilium Longiflorum ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Open Flower ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Flower Organs

Easter lily flower buds at five stages of development (stage 1, 3–4 cm in length; stage 2, 6–7 cm; stage 3, 9–10 cm; stage 4, unopened buds, 13–14 cm; and stage 5, open flower 1 day after anthesis) were harvested, and flower organs were dissected for invertase assay. On a fresh weight (FW) basis, anthers had the highest soluble invertase activity (about 10-fold greater) than all other organs reaching to 15 units/g FW by the stage 2. The activity dropped to about 3 units/g FW at stage 3 and 4, and then increased up to 10 units/g FW in open flowers. Specific activity (units per mg of protein) also showed the same trend. On a specific activity basis, sepal invertase activity steadily increased during bud development, but was relatively constant on a fresh weight basis. stigma, style, and ovary, soluble invertase activity expressed on a FW and specific activity basis steadily increased as bud development. Filament soluble invertase activity on FW basis dropped at the stage 2 and 3, while specific activity steadily increased during bud development. Cell wall-bound invertase activity (released with 1 m NaCl) was present in all flower organs. However, soluble activity accounted for the most of total activity in sepal, ovary and filament (about 90%). About 75% of total activity was soluble in anther and style, whereas nearly equal amounts of soluble and cell wall activities were present in the stigma. The cell wall bound invertase activity increased throughout the bud development in sepal, stigma, style, and ovary parallel to soluble activity. Anther cell wall-bound activity fluctuated in a similar pattern as the soluble activity.

scholarly journals Profiles of Secondary Metabolites (Phenolic Acids, Carotenoids, Anthocyanins, and Galantamine) and Primary Metabolites (Carbohydrates, Amino Acids, and Organic Acids) during Flower Development in Lycoris radiata

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Chang Ha Park ◽  
Hyeon Ji Yeo ◽  
Ye Jin Kim ◽  
Bao Van Nguyen ◽  
Ye Eun Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Hydrophilic Compounds ◽  
Tca Cycle Intermediates

This study aimed to elucidate the variations in primary and secondary metabolites during Lycorisradiata flower development using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS). The result showed that seven carotenoids, seven phenolic acids, three anthocyanins, and galantamine were identified in the L. radiata flowers. Most secondary metabolite levels gradually decreased according to the flower developmental stages. A total of 51 metabolites, including amines, sugars, sugar intermediates, sugar alcohols, amino acids, organic acids, phenolic acids, and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, were identified and quantified using GC-TOFMS. Among the hydrophilic compounds, most amino acids increased during flower development; in contrast, TCA cycle intermediates and sugars decreased. In particular, glutamine, asparagine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid, which represent the main inter- and intracellular nitrogen carriers, were positively correlated with the other amino acids and were negatively correlated with the TCA cycle intermediates. Furthermore, quantitation data of the 51 hydrophilic compounds were subjected to partial least-squares discriminant analyses (PLS-DA) to assess significant differences in the metabolites of L. radiata flowers from stages 1 to 4. Therefore, this study will serve as the foundation for a biochemical approach to understand both primary and secondary metabolism in L. radiata flower development.

scholarly journals Floral Scent Emission from Nectaries in the Adaxial Side of the Innermost and Middle Petals in Chimonanthus praecox

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 3278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhineng Li ◽  
Yingjie Jiang ◽  
Daofeng Liu ◽  
Jing Ma ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Floral Scent ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Adaxial Side ◽  
Open Flower ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Relative Expression Level ◽  
Flower Stage ◽  
Chimonanthus Praecox ◽  
Deciduous Shrub

Wintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox) is a well-known traditional fragrant plant and a winter-flowering deciduous shrub that originated in China. The five different developmental stages of wintersweet, namely, flower-bud period (FB), displayed petal stage (DP), open flower stage (OF), later blooming period (LB), and wilting period (WP) were studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to determine the distribution characteristics of aroma-emitting nectaries. Results showed that the floral scent was probably emitted from nectaries distributed on the adaxial side of the innermost and middle petals, but almost none on the abaxial side. The nectaries in different developmental periods on the petals differ in numbers, sizes, and characteristics. Although the distribution of nectaries on different rounds of petals showed a diverse pattern at the same developmental periods, that of the nectaries on the same round of petals showed some of regularity. The nectary is concentrated on the adaxial side of the petals, especially in the region near the axis of the lower part of the petals. Based on transcriptional sequence and phylogenetic analysis, we report one nectary development related gene CpCRC (CRABS CLAW), and the other four YABBY family genes, CpFIL (FILAMENTOUS FLOWER), CpYABBY2, CpYABBY5-1, and CpYABBY5-2 in C. praecox (accession no. MH718960-MH718964). Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) results showed that the expression characteristics of these YABBY family genes were similar to those of 11 floral scent genes, namely, CpSAMT, CpDMAPP, CpIPP, CpGPPS1, CpGPPS2, CpGPP, CpLIS, CpMYR1, CpFPPS, CpTER3, and CpTER5. The expression levels of these genes were generally higher in the lower part of the petals than in the upper halves in different rounds of petals, the highest being in the innermost petals, but the lowest in the outer petals. Relative expression level of CpFIL, CpCRC, CpYABBY5-1, and CpLIS in the innermost and middle petals in OF stages is significant higher than that of in outer petals, respectively. SEM and qRT-PCR results in C. praecox showed that floral scent emission is related to the distribution of nectaries.

scholarly journals Sucrose Metabolism in Plants under Drought Stress Condition: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anie Thomas ◽  
R. Beena
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Sucrose Metabolism ◽  
Drought Condition ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Source To Sink ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio

Drought stress reduces photosynthetic rate and leading to depletion of the energy source and lowers the yield. Under drought stress, reduced turgor pressure cause inhibition of cell elongation and impaired mitosis leads to reduction in growth rate. Role of sucrose metabolism under drought adaptation and response of plants to stress in different tissues and at different developmental stages. Cytoplasmic sucrose synthesis is more under drought condition and there is differential expression in tolerant and susceptible cultivars. Under drought condition, plant start consuming its own sink for its survival thus reducing sucrose concentration. But reduction in sucrose concentration is less in drought tolerant plants. Drought stress induced an increase of the root/shoot ratio, which was due to the increased inhibition of biomass accumulation of shoots compared to roots. Drought stress enhanced the activities of sucrose metabolic enzymes and up-regulated the expression of genes such as SPS, SuSy and INV. In addition, drought stress up-regulated the expression levels of SWEET and SUC and promoted the transport of sucrose from source to sink.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ACID INVERTASE ACTIVITY AND SUGAR CONTENT IN GRAPE SPECIES

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1646-1652 ◽  
Author(s):  
DEVAIAH KAMBIRANDA ◽  
HEMANTH VASANTHAIAH ◽  
SHEIKH M. BASHA
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Acid Invertase
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